‫راؤ‬

‫ع ب دا جل ب ار‬
‫م‬
‫سی ن ئ ر س ی لز ی نی ج ر‬
‫‪.‬اس مضمون میں‪ ،‬ہم احاطہ کریں گے‬

‫ے؟ ‪• PABX‬‬
‫کی ا ہ‬

‫ق‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ٹ‬

‫ے۔ ‪ PBX-‬بم اب لہ ‪• PABX‬‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬
‫ی ک الو ی کس طرح ب دی ل و ی ہ‬

‫ت‬ ‫ٹ‬
‫ے۔ ‪• PABX‬‬ ‫سس م کی س‬
‫ے کام کر ا ہ‬

‫ت‬ ‫ک نی ش‬
‫ع‬ ‫ن‬
‫کوت خ‪PABX‬ن یم و کی زف ئسے ک ی ا لق ہ‬
‫ے؟ • ‪ IP‬کا ‪• PABX‬‬
‫من ب کرے کے وا د‬

‫ٹ ف‬
‫ے۔ ‪⚫ PABX‬‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ون‬ ‫لی‬ ‫د د کارو اری ی‬
‫ہ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫جی‬
 ‫ے؟ ‪PABX‬‬
‫کی ا ہ‬

‫اگر آپ پہلے ٹیلی فون سسٹمز کے ساتھ کام کر چکے‬

‫‪: PABX،‬ہیں‪ ،‬تو آپ نے کچھ مخففات کو سنا ہو گا‬
‫فہرست جاری ہے۔ ‪PBX، IP PBX...‬‬

‫جدید دور )‪ (PABX‬پرائیویٹ‪ .‬آٹومیٹک برانچ ایکسچینج‬

‫کے کاروباری ٹیلی فون سسٹمز کا مترادف ہے۔ یہ‬
‫بیرونی‪ .‬اور اندرونی کال کرنے والوں کو ایک سوئچ‬
‫بورڈ کے ذریعے اندرونی نیٹ ورک سے جوڑتا ہے ‪-‬‬
‫کے برعکس درمیان میں ‪ PMBX‬اپنے آباؤ اجداد‬
‫دستی آپریشن کی ضرورت کے بغیر۔‬

‫ت‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ ر ٹ رز کو ہ ان‬

‫ے کہ کون سا ار کس پورٹ می ں ‪PMBX‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫پ ن ی ئی ج چ ہ ق ًہ‬
‫ٹ من‬ ‫ج ا ا چ اہ‬
‫ے کا زی ادہ امکان‬‫ے آج کل‪ ،‬ی ی ن ا‪ ،‬آپ کو ای ک ایسا آپری ر ل‬
 ‫ت ئ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ٹ‬
‫ح‬ ‫م‬ ‫ص‬
‫ے ج و ب ن اور کوڈز کا اس عمال کرے ہ وے کالز کو یح ح کم‬
‫ے سے‬ ‫نہ‬
‫م سلک کرے۔‬

‫پی بی ایکس کی اصطالح اب پی اے بی ایکس کے‬

‫ساتھ ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ استعمال ہوتی ہے اور اس‬
‫کی چھتری میں وہ اور پی ایم بی ایکس دونوں کو‬
‫شامل کیا جاسکتا ہے۔‬

‫جدید دور میں بڑے اور چھوٹے کاروباروں کے لیے‬

‫سسٹم ایک ضرورت ہے۔ انفرادی لینڈ الئن ‪PBAX‬‬
‫کنکشنز پر انحصار کرنے کے بجائے ‪ -‬ہر ایک کے‬
‫لیے مختلف نمبروں کے ساتھ ‪ -‬گاہک‪ .‬ایک مرکزی‬
‫نمبر پر کال کر سکتے ہیں اور ایک مخصوص‬
‫ایکسٹینشن کے ذریعے صحیح شخص تک پہنچ سکتے‬
‫ہیں۔‬
 ‫یہ آپ کے گاہک کے تجربے کو بڑھانے میں اہم ہو‬
‫سکتا ہے‪ ،‬جو آپ کی ساکھ سے لے کر آمدنی تک ہر‬
‫چیز کو متاثر‪ .‬کر سکتا ہے۔‬
‫ق‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ٹ‬
‫ے۔ ‪ PBX-‬بم اب لہ ‪PABX‬‬ ‫ہ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ج‬ ‫ن‬
‫ی ک الو ی کس طرح ب دی ل و ی ہ‬

‫جیسا کہ ہمارے فون سسٹمز نے ترقی کی ہے‪ ،‬اسی‬

‫طرح صارفین کو مطمئن کرنے اور اخراجات میں کمی‬
‫کرنے کی ہماری صالحیت بھی ہے۔‬

‫سسٹمز ‪ PBX‬جب ‪ 1800‬کی دہائی کے اواخر میں‬

‫ایجاد ہوئے تو ان کے پاس سوئچ بورڈ آپریٹرز موجود‬
‫تھے جو آنے والی کالوں کو جسمانی طور پر ان پلگ‬
‫کرکے صحیح شخص تک پہنچاتے تھے۔‬

‫ٹیلی فونی سرکٹ کو مکمل کرنے کے لیے تانبے کی‬

‫تاروں کو دوبارہ پلگ کرنا‬
 ‫یہ اصل ایناالگ پبلک‪ .‬سوئچڈ ٹیلی فون نیٹ ورک‬
‫پر پہلے سے ہی ایک بہتری تھی‪ ،‬جس میں )‪(PSTN‬‬
‫ہر فون کی ایک منفرد فون الئن اور نمبر ہوتا ہے۔ یہ‬
‫ایک کاروبار کے لیے بہت‪ .‬مہنگا تھا‪ :‬جب بھی ساتھی‬
‫کارکن ایک دوسرے کو فون کریں گے تو انہیں روایتی‬
‫لینڈ الئن قیمتیں ادا کرنی پڑیں گی۔ وہ بھی کریں گے۔‬

‫ایک اور اخراجات کا اضافہ کرتے ہوئے متعدد فون‬

‫الئنیں انسٹال کرنے کی ضرورت ہے۔‬

‫کالز کو دستی طور پر تبدیل کرنے سے‪ ،‬اگرچہ وقت‬

‫لگتا ہے‪ ،‬کاروباروں کو انفرادی ٹیلی فون الئنوں‪ .‬کی‬
‫الگت کو بچانے کی اجازت دیتا ہے۔ اس نے کال‬
‫ٹرانسفر‪ ،‬فارورڈنگ اور کال سینٹرز کے لیے بنیادی‬
‫باتیں بھی ترتیب دیں اور اس کا مطلب یہ تھا کہ‬
‫کمپنیاں صارفین کے لیے مرکزی نمبر‪ .‬رکھ سکتی ہیں۔‬
 ‫لیکن اس کے بعد سے ہم ایک طویل سفر طے کر‬
‫!چکے ہیں‬

‫ت‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ئ‬

‫کی دہ ا ی ت ک‪ ،‬ودکار سو چ ن گ عام ہ و چ کی ھی‪ ،‬اور اصل ‪1970‬‬

‫ت‬ ‫ٹ‬
‫سس مز‪ ،‬م روک ‪PMBX‬‬

‫‪ IP‬اور اب پچاس سال بعد؟ کاروبار اس کے بجائے‬

‫کی ایک شکل جو ‪: PBX‬پر انحصار کرتے ہیں ‪PBX‬‬
‫انٹرنیٹ کنکشن کے ذریعے کام کرتی ہے۔ اکثر لوگوں‬
‫کے ‪PABX‬اور ‪ PBX‬کا یہی مطلب ہوتا ہے جب وہ‬
‫کے فوائد ‪ IP PBX‬بارے میں بات کرتے ہیں‪ -‬اور ہم‬
‫کے بارے میں بعد میں مزید بات کریں گے۔‬

‫ٹیلی فون ایکسچینج‬

 ‫ٹیلی فون ایکسچینج ایک ٹیلی کمیونیکیشن سسٹم ہے جو پبلک‬
‫سوئچڈ ٹیلی فون نیٹ ورک یا بڑے کاروباری اداروں میں استعمال‬
‫ہوتا ہے۔ ایک تبادلہ الیکٹرانک اجزاء پر مشتمل ہوتا ہے اور‬
‫پرانے نظام میں بھی انسانی آپریٹرز جو ٹیلی فون سبسکرائبر‬
‫الئنوں یا ڈیجیٹل سسٹمز کے ورچوئل سرکٹس کو آپس میں‬
‫جوڑتے ہیں تاکہ صارفین کے درمیان ٹیلی فون کالیں قائم کی‬
‫جاسکیں۔ پبلک ٹیلی کمیونیکیشن نیٹ ورکس میں ایک ٹیلی فون‬
‫ایکسچینج ایک مرکزی دفتر میں واقع ہوتا ہے‪ ،‬عام طور پر ایک‬
‫عمارت جو ممکنہ طور پر کئی ٹیلی فون ایکسچینجز کے اندرونی‬
‫پالنٹ کے آالت کو رکھنے کے لیے استعمال ہوتی ہے‪ ،‬ہر ایک‬
‫ایک مخصوص جغرافیائی تبادلے کے عالقے کی خدمت کرتا ہے۔‬
‫شمالی امریکہ میں مرکزی دفتر کے مقامات کی شناخت اکثر وائر‬
‫سینٹرز کے طور پر کی جاتی ہے‪ ،‬جو ایک ایسی سہولت کو نامزد‬
‫کرتی ہے جہاں سے ٹیلی فون ڈائل ٹون حاصل کرتا ہے۔‬
‫کاروباری اور بلنگ کے مقاصد کے لیے‪ ،‬ٹیلی فونی کیریئرز‬
‫ریٹ سینٹرز کی بھی تعریف کرتے ہیں‪ ،‬جو بڑے شہروں میں‬
‫مرکزی دفاتر کے کلسٹر ہو سکتے ہیں‪ ،‬تاکہ فاصلے کی پیمائش‬
‫کے لیے مخصوص جغرافیائی مقامات کی وضاحت کی جا سکے۔‬
‫امریکہ اور کینیڈا میں‪ ،‬بیل سسٹم نے ‪ 1940‬کی دہائی میں ہر ٹیلی‬
‫فون ایکسچینج کو تین ہندسوں کے ایکسچینج کوڈ‪ ،‬یا سنٹرل آفس‬
‫کوڈ کے ساتھ شناخت کرنے کا یکساں نظام قائم کیا‪ ،‬جو مقامی‬
 ‫ٹیلی فون اسٹیشن نمبر کے سابقہ کے طور پر استعمال ہوتا تھا۔‬
‫ایک بڑے عالقے کے اندر تمام تبادلے‪ ،‬عام طور پر ریاست کے‬
‫لحاظ سے جمع ہوتے ہیں‪ ،‬کو ایک مشترکہ عالقہ کوڈ تفویض کیا‬
‫گیا تھا۔ بین االقوامی اور ٹرانس سمندری ٹیلی فون ٹرنک کی ترقی‬
‫کے ساتھ‪ ،‬خاص طور پر براہ راست کسٹمر ڈائلنگ کے ذریعے‪،‬‬
‫ٹیلی فون نیٹ ورکس کی منظم تنظیم کی اسی طرح کی کوششیں‬
‫‪ 20‬ویں صدی کے وسط میں بہت سے ممالک میں ہوئیں۔‬

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 PALOMO, ARPEE ROLANDO JR. G.1.Anyone
who uses a telephone or a data modem on a
telephone circuit is part of a globalcommunications
network called:A. Personal Mobile Telephone
NetworkB. World Wide WebC. Internet
D. Public Telephone Network
2.The simplest and most straightforward form of
telephone service which involves subscribers
accessingthe public telephone network through a
pair of wires called the local subscriber loop.
A. Plain Old Telephone Service
B
.
Local Access Telephone AreaC. Public Switched
Telephone NetworkD. Digital Subscriber Line
3.The subscriber loop provides the means to connect
a telephone set at a subscriber’s location to the
 closest telephone office, which is commonly called
a/n:A. end officeB. local exchange officeC. central
office
D. all of the above
4.The pair of wires connecting a subscriber to the
closest telephone office is called the ________.A.
Subscriber line
B. local loop
C. drop lineD. twisted pair5.Originally it as an
electromagnetic bell that is placed directly across the
tip and ring of the local loop.A. DialerB. Transmitter
C. Ringer Circuit
D. on/off hook circuit6.It is nothing more than a
simple single-throw, double-pole(STDP) switch
placed across the tip and ring.A. DialerB.
TransmitterC. Ringer Circuit
D. on/off hook circuit
7.It converts electrical signals received from the
local loop to acoustic signals (sound waves) that can
 beheard and understood by human being.A.
Earphones
B. Speakers
C. MicrophoneD. Headphone
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8.It is the transmitter for the telephone.A.

EarphonesB. Speakers
C. Microphone
D. Headphone9.Another function of the hybrid
network is to allow a small portion of the transmit
 signal to be returnedto the receiver in form of:A.
echoB. singingC. feedback
D. sidetone
10.It enables the subscriber to output signals
representing digits, and this enables the caller to
enter thedestination telephone number.A. pulse
dialing circuit
B. dialing circuit
C. tone dialing circuitD. modem11.An audible signal
comprised of two frequencies: 350Hz and 440HzA.
Call progress tonesB. Ringing signalC. Busy tone
D. Dial tone
12.A more efficient means than dial pulsing for
transferring telephone numbers from a subscriber’s
location to the central office switching machine.
A. Dual-tone multifrequency
B. Pulse dialingC. ESSD. Voice dialing13.A two-of-
six code designed to be used only to convey
 information between two electronic
switchingmachines.A. E and M signaling
B. multifrequency signaling
C. two-of-six signalingD. dual tone
signaling14.Station busy is sometimes called:A. fast
busy
B. slow busy
C. short busyD. long busy

15.In telephone terminology, a station is a:A.

SLICB. central office
C. telephone set
D. switch16.Sometimes called a congestion tone or a
no-circuit-available tone.
A. equipment busy signal
B. station busy signalC. star signalD. key pulse
signal17.It is sent from the switching machine back
to the calling station whenever the system
 cannotcomplete the call because the equipment is
unavailable.A. ringing signalB. busy tone
C. congestion tone
D. station busy signal18.An equipment busy is
sometimes called:
A. fast busy
B. slow busyC. short busyD. long busy19.It is sent
from a central office to a subscriber whenever there
is an incoming utm-A. ringback signal
B. ringing signal
C. alert signalD. dial tone20.This is sent back to the
calling party at the same time the ringing signal is
sent to the called party.
A. ringback signal
B. ringing signalC. alert signalD. dial tone21.A term
used to describe a telephone instrument that is ready
for use, with the handset removedfrom its cradle.A.
On hookB. Hand up
C. Off hook
D. Busy22. It means the telephone is not being used,
andthe circuit is in the idle state.

A. closed loop conditionB. open loop conditionC.

off hook
D. on hook
23. The switching machine in the central office
detects the dc current and recognizes it.A. closed
loop conditionB. open loop condition
C. off hook
D. on hook24. Enables the destination station of a
telephonecall to display the name and telephone
numberof the calling party before the telephone
isanswered.A. Call waiting
B. Caller lD
C. Answering machineD. Voice mail25. These are
Simplex Wireless communications system designed
to alert subscriber of waiting message.A. SMS
 SystemsB. Cellular systemsC. Personal mobile
systems
D. Paging systems
26.It is the only facility required by all voice-
bandCircuits, as It is the means by which
subscriberlocations are connected to the local
telephonecompany.A. Subscriber line interface
cardB. Hybrid circuit
C. local subscriber loop
D. 4-wire line27. in a telephone circuit, this refers to
an actualloss of signal strength.A. AbsorptionB.
Echo
C. Attenuation
D. Singing28.Defined as the optimum level of a test
tone on a channel at some point in a communications
system.
A. Transmission level point
B. Data level pointC. Power level pointD. Test level
point
29.A parameter used for voice circuits, whereas it is
used as reference for data transmission.A.
Transmission level point
B. Data level point
C. Power level pointD. Test level point30.When a
two-wire circuit is connected to a four-wire circuit,
such as in a long-distance telephone call,an
interference circuit called a _______ set is used to
affect the interference.A. loading coilsB. echo
canceller
C. hybrid
D. echo suppressors31. Defined as any disturbance
created in acommunications channel by Signals in
othercommunications channels.
A. Crosstalk
B. FadingC. NoiseD. Interference32.In telephony, it
identifies and connects thesubscriber to a suitable
transmission path.A. Linking functionB. Connecting
function
 C. Switching function
D. Signaling functions33. In telephony, it supplies
and interpretssupervisory signals needed to perform
theoperation.A. Linking functionB. Connecting
functionC. Switching function
D. Signaling functions
34.The public telephone companies are sometimes
called:
A. service providers
B. carriersC. public switched telephone networkD.
web35. The dedicated cable facility used to connect
an instrument at a subscriber's station to the
closeststation to the closest telephone officesA.
tollB. trunk circuits
C. local loop

D. exchange
36. Similar to a local loop except that it is used to
interconnect two telephone offices.
 A. toll
B. trunk circuits
C. local loopD. exchange37. Dial tone frequencies:
A. 350Hz and 44OHz
B. 480Hz and 620HzC. 440Hz and 480HzD.
90Vrms, 20Hz38. Ringback tone frequencies:A.
350Hz and 440HzB. 480Hz and 620Hz
C. 440Hz and 480Hz
D. 90Vrms, 20Hz39. Busy tone frequencies:A.
350Hz and 440Hz
B. 480Hz and 620Hz
C. 440Hz and 480HzD. 90Vrms, 20Hz40 The
ringing signal:A. 350Hz and 440HzB. 480Hz and
620HzC. 440Hz and 480Hz
D. 90Vrms, 20Hz
41.A central location where subscribers
areInterconnected, either temporarily or on
 apermanent basis.A. tollB. trunk circuitsC. local
loop
D. exchange
42.Exchange connected directly to local loops
areoften called:A. PBXB. party lineC. switchboards
D. dial switches
43.The first local telephone exchanges where

manual interconnects were accomplished

usingpatch-cords and jacks.A. ESS
B. switchboards
C. Strowger switchD. stepper switch44. In the early
days of telephone exchange, eachtelephone line
could have 10 or moresubscribers connected to the
central officeexchange using the same local loop.
This iscalled:A. Plain and old telephone accessB.
telephone networkC. PBX
D. party line
45.A system where the operator would then ring the
destination, and when someone answered
thedestination,and when someone answered the
telephone, the operator would remove her plug from
the jack andconnect the calling andcalled parties
together with a special patch-cord equipped with
plugs on both ends.A. Operator systemB. Electronic
switching system
C. Ringdown system
D. Automated switching system46.A system of
sensors, switches, and otherelectrical and electronic
devices that allowssubscribers to give instructions
directly to theswitch without having to go through an
operator.A. Operator systemB. Electronic switching
systemC. Ringdown system
D. Automated switching system
47.In 1938, the Bell System began replacing
thesteppers with another electromechanicalswitching
called:
A. crossbar (XBAR) switch
 B. electronic switching system (ESS)C. Strowger
switchesD, stored program control48. This uses
software to control practically all theswitching
functions.A. step by step switchB. Ringdown system

C. Stored Program Control (SPC)

D. Automated switching system49.ln telephony, the
path over which voice, data orvideo signals
propagate is called a.
A. circuit
B. lineC. loopD. card50. A programmable matrix
that allows circuits to beconnected to one another
and are capable ofinterconnecting any circuit
connected to it to anyother circuit connected to it.
A. circuit switch
B. packet switchC. message switchD. automatic
switch51. A telephone call completed within a single
local exchange is called:A. extra switch callB.
interofflce call
C. intraoffioe call
D. interswitch call52. These are calls placed between
two stations that are connected to different local
exchanges.A. extra switch call
B. interofflce call
C. intraoffioe call
D. interswitch call53.Interoffice calls are sometimes
called:
A. interswitch calls
B. local callsC. long distance callsD. trunk
calls54.Today telephone-switching machines in local
exchanges are interconnected to other local
exchange Offices on special facilities called.
A. Fiber optic links
B. Trunks
C. TollD. Area code55.An exchange without any
local loops connected to it.
A. tandem office
 B. local officeC. end officeD. all of the above56.
Interstate long-
distance telephone calls require a special telephone
office called:A. tandem office
B. PBX

C. earth stations
D. toll office
57. North America is now divided into
numberingplan areas (NPAs) with each NPA
assigned aunique three-digit number called:
A. area code
B. local codeC. exchange codeD. country code58.
Each NPA is further subdivided into smallerservice
areas with its own three-digit numbercalled:A. area
code
B. exchange code
C. local codeD. country code59. ln telephony, a path
between twosubscribers and is comprised of one or
more switches , two local loops, and possibly one or
more trunkcircuits.A. line8. link
C. route
D. road60. If a call cannot be completed because
thenecessary trunk circuits or switching paths arenot
available, the calling party receives anequipment
(fast) busy signal, known as:A. signalingB. noticeC.
warning
D. blocking
61. Subscriber receiving unlimited local call service
in return for payment of a fixed char
ge each month isusually referred to as:
A. flat rate
B. Prepaid rateC. value added rateD. basic rate62.
These are toll trunks in tandem, excluding the two
terminating links at the ends of the connection.A.
Subscriber IinksB. Direct links
C. intermediate links
D. Long distance links63.Refers to the exchange of
information betweencall components required to
provide andmaintain servrce.
A. Signaling
B. PollingC. Handshaking

D. Tracing64.A separate digital channel for

exchangingsignaling information in out-of-band
signaling.A. Band channelB. Dummy channel
C. Signaling link
D. Virtual channel65. The message propagates from
one network toanother in small bundles of data
called:A. bytes
B. packets
C. blockD. frame66. This allows customers to
change to a differentservice and still keep the same
telephonenumber.
A. Porting
B. Signaling pointsC. Point of presenceD. Common
Channel signaling67.If there are identical telephone
numbers indifferent parts of a country, these can
bedistinguished by what code?A. language digitsB.
country codes
C. area codes
D. central office codes68. Telephone traffic is
measuredA. with echo cancellersB. by the relative
congestionC. by Doppler radar
D. in erlangs
69. Failure to connect a telephone call because of
lack of system capacity.A. Handoff
B. Call blocking
C. Call terminationD. Busy call70. Switch in a
telephone system that connects to local subscriber
lines.
A. Central office
B. Tandem office
 C. PBXD. Local loop71. Communication system in
which a dedicated channel is set up between parties
for the duration ofthe communication.A Message-
switched networkB. Packet-switched network
C. Circuit-switched network
D. Hold and forward network
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72.Interference between two signals multiplexed into

the same channel.A.Crossover
B.Crosstalk
 C.Interchannel interferenceD.Radio magnetic
interference73.Signaling using combinations of two
audio tones transmitted on the vorce-channel.A.
Pulse dialingB. Rotary dialing
C. Dual-tone multifrequency dialing
D. Press dialing74. Use of optical fiber for telephone
connections to individual customers.A. Fiber-in-the-
buildingB. Fiber-in-the-curb
C. Fiber-in-the-loop
D. Fiber-in-the-street75. A type of communication
system that allows communication in both directions
simultaneously.
A. Full duplex
B. Half duplexC. SimplexD. Full-full duplex76.A
specialized transformer (or electronicequivalent) that
allows telephone voice signalsto travel in both
directions simultaneously on asingle twisted-pair
loop.A. SLICB. Two wire line configuration
C. Hybrid coil
 D. Twisted Pair Cables77.Control signals sent in a
voice channel at voice frequencies.A. Out-band
signalsB. Forward signalsC. Reverse signals
D. In-band signals
78.Control signals using the same channel as avoice
signal.A. Out-channel signalsB. Co-channel signals
C. ln-channel signals
D. Counter-channel signals79. Telephone system
using digital local loops forboth voice and data with
the codec in thetelephone equipment.A. ATMB.
x.25C. WAN
D. Integrated services digital network
80. Inductance added to a twisted-pair telephoneline
to reduce its losses for voice frequencies.

A. Top hat loading

B. Loading coil
C. Capacitor loadingD. Loading gun
81. An area consisting of several central offices and
handled by a local carn‘er.
A. TopologyB. CellC. Service area
D. Local access and transport area
82. Small data network covering one or
severalbuildings.A. PBXB. Wide area networkC.
Personal area network
D. Local area network
83.The link from the central office to an individual
subscriber’s premises
A. Tandem loopB. Trunk line
C. Local loop
D. Twisted pair84.A term used to describe a
telephone instrument that is ready for use, with the
handset removed fromits cradle.A. On hookB. Hang
up
C. Off hock
 D. Busy85.A term used to describe a telephone
instrument whose handset is on its cradle, ready to
receive a ringsignal.
A. On hook
B. Hang upC. Off hookD. Busy86.A control or
supervisory signal that is transmitted on a voice
channel, but at dc or at such a frequencythat it will
not be heard.A. Out-of-this-world signal
B. Out-of-band signal
C. Out-of-reach signalD. Out-of-coverage signal87.
A term used to describe ordinary voicetelephony.A.
SLICB. PSTN
C. POTS
D. BORSCHT88.Small telephone switch located on
customer premisesA. Tandem officeB. Central office
C. Private branch exchange
 D. Local exchange89.The ordinary public wireline
phone systemA. SLIC
B. PSTN
C. POTSD. BORSCHT90.Dialing that works by
interrupting the dc loop current; used dial type
telephones and some electronicphones.A. Tone
dialing
B. Pulse dialing
C. Make and break dialingD. None of the above91.
Other things being equal, battery life in a GSM
phone should be:a. less than in a TDMA phone
b. greater than in a TDMA phone
c. no better than in an AMPS phoned. no better than
a TDMA phone92. It is necessary to send control
information on traffic channels in:a. no PCS
systemb. TDMA onlyc. GSM only
d. both GSM and TDMA
93. GSM uses:
a. frequency hopping
b. CDMAc. direct-sequence modulationd. all of the
above94. In GSM, SIM stands for:a. Short Inbound
Message
b. Subscriber ID Module
c. Subscriber-Initiated Messaged. Subscriber ID
Method95. IMSI stands for:a. Integrated Mobile
Subscriber Identification
b. International Mobile Subscriber Identification
c. Interim Mobile Subscriber Identificationd.
Intermodulation System Interference96. IS-95
uses:a. frequency hopping
b. CDMA
c. TDMAd. all of the above97. IS-136 uses:a.
frequency hoppingb. CDMA
c. TDMA
d. all of the above98. In CDMA:

a. all frequencies are used in all cells

 b. each cell uses half the available frequenciesc.
each cell is assigned a frequency by the based. the
frequency is selected by the mobile phone99.
CDMA uses a set of PN sequences that are:a.
commonb. rotatingc. unique
d. orthogonal
100. The next generation of PCS is expected to
have:a. faster data ratesb. wider roaming areac.
Internet access
d. all of the above
101. To use a cable network for data transmission,
we need two key devices: a ______ and a
_________A) CT; CMTS
B) CM; CMTS
C) CM; CMSD) none of the above102. A local
telephone network is an example of a _______
network.A) packet-switchedB) message-switched
C) circuit-switched
 D) none of the above103. A traditional cable TV
network transmits signals ______.
A) downstream
B) upstreamC) upstream and downstreamD) none of
the above104. The traditional cable TV system used
________cable end to end.A) twisted-pairB) fiber-
optic
C) coaxial
D) none of the above105. The telephone network is
made of ______ major components.A) 4
B) 3
C) 2D) none of the above106. Data from a computer
are _______; the local loop handles _______
signals.A) analog; analogB) digital; digital
C) digital; analog
D) analog; digital107. The original telephone
network, which is referred to as the plain old
telephone system (POTS), wasan ________ system.
A) analog
 B) digital

C) digital as well as analogD) none of the above108.

The protocol that is used for signaling in the
telephone network is called ______.A) SSS
B) SS7
C) POPD) none of the above109.
_______technology is a set of technologies
developed by the telephone companies to provide
highdata rate transmission.A) LDSB) ASL
C) DSL
D) none of the above110. The local loop has
_______ cable that connects the subscriber
telephone to the nearest end office.A) fiber-opticB)
coaxial
C) twisted-pair
 D) none of the above111. The second generation of
cable networks is called a(n) _________ network.A)
HCF
B) HFC
C) CFHD) none of the above112. The largest portion
of the bandwidth for ADSL carries _______.A)
upstream data
B) downstream data
C) control dataD) voice communication113.
_______ is suitable for businesses that require
comparable upstream and downstream data rates.
A) SDSL
B) ADSLC) VDSLD) (b) and (c)114. The carrier
that handles intra-LATA services is called a(n)
_____ .A) IXC
B) LEC
C) POPD) none of the above115. DMT is a
modulation technique that combines elements of
_______ and _______.
 A) FDM; QAM
B) FDM; TDMC) PSK; FSKD) QDM; QAM116.
The carrier that handles inter-LATA services is
called a(n) _______.
A) IXC
B) LECC) POPD) none of the above

117. The modern telephone network is now

________.A) digital
B) digital as well as analog
C) analogD) none of the above118. In an HFC
network, the upstream data are modulated using the
_______ modulation technique.A) ASKB) PCMC)
QAM
D) QPSK
119. _______ was designed as an alternative to the
T-1 line.A) ADSL
B) HDSL
 C) VDSLD) SDSL120. HDSL encodes data using
_______.
A) 2B1Q
B) 1B2QC) 4B/5BD) 6B/8T121. In an HFC
network, the downstream data are modulated using
the _______ modulation technique.A) PCM
B) QAM
C) PSKD) ASK122. Another name for the cable TV
office is the _______.
A) head end
B) combinerC) fiber nodeD) splitter123. The term
modem is a composite word that refers to the two
functional entities that make up thedevice: a signal
_______ and a signal _______.A) demodulator;
modulator
B) modulator; demodulator
C) modern; demoD) none of the above124. The two
most common digital services are ________ service
and ______.
 A) switched/56; DDS
B) switched/56; switched/64C) DDS; swiched 64D)
leased; out-of-band125. The United States is divided
into many _______.A) IXCsB) LECs
C) LATAs
D) none of the above126. The standard for data
transmission over an HFC network is called
_______.A) ADSL

B) CMTS
C) DOCSIS
D) MCNS127. In ________signaling, a portion of
the bandwidth is used for signaling and another
portion for data.A) mixedB) in-band
C) out-of-band
D) none of the above128. Telephone companies
provide two types of analog services: analog
_______ services and analog _____services.A)
 leased; out-of-bandB) out-of-band; in-bandC)
switched; in-band
D) switched; leased
129. AMPS stand for:a. American Mobile Phone
Systemb. Advanced Mobile Phone Systemc. Analog
Mobile Phone Serviced.
Advanced Mobile Phone Service
130. PCS stands for:a. Personal Communications
Serviceb. Personal Cell phone Servicec.
Personal Communications Systems
d. Portable Communications Systems131. RCC
stands for:a.
Radio Common Carrier
b. Regional Cellular Carrierc. Radio Cellular
Carrierd. none of the above132. MSC stands for:a.
Mobile Switching Center
 b . Maximum Signal Carrierc. Mobile Service
Cellulard. Minimum Signal Carrier133. MTSO
stands for:a. Minimum Transmitted Signal Outputb.
Mobile Telephone Switching Office
c. Maximum Transmitted Signal Outputd. Mobile
Transmission Time-Out134. MIN stands for:a.
Manual Identification Numberb. Maximum In-band
Noisec.
Mobile Identification Number
d. Minimum In-band Noise135. NAM stands for:a.
Numerical Access Modeb. Number Access
Modulec. Numerical Assignment Mode

d. Number Assignment Module

136. ESN stands for:
a. Electronic Serial Number
 b. Emission Strength Numberc. Emitted Signal
Numberd. none of the above137. SCM stands for:a.
Service Class Markb. Signal Class Mark
c. Station Class Mark
d. Serial-Code Mode138. SCM identifies the:a. code
number of a cell phoneb. signal classification
(analog or digital)c. base-station classd
. maximum power level of a cell phone
139. SID stands for:a. Sequential Interrupt
Demandb.
System Identification Number
c. Standard Identification Numberd. Signal Intensity
Descriptor140. The SID is used by a cell phone to:a.
identify the type of system (analog or digital)b.
recognize an AMPS systemc. set its transmitted
power leveld.
recognize that it is roaming
141. DCC stands for:a.
Digital Color Code
 b. Digital Communications Carrierc. Digital
Communications Coded. Direct Channel Code142.
SAT stands for:a. Station Antenna Towerb.
Supervisory Access Tonec
. Supervisory Audio Tone
d. none of the above143. CMAC stands for:
a. Control Mobile Attenuation Code
b. Central Mobile Access Controlc. Control Mobile
Access Coded. Carrier Mode Attenuation
Control144. The CMAC is used to:a. control access
to the cell siteb. set the access code of the cell phone
c. set the transmit power of the cell phone
d. select the transmit channel for the cell phone145.
In an AMPS system, voice is sent using:a. AM

b. FSK
c. FM
 d. CDMA146. In an AMPS system, control-channel
signals are sent using:a. AM
b. FSK
c. FMd. CDMA147. The ERP of a typical handheld
AMPS cell phone is: a. less than 600 µW. c. between
1 and 2 watts b.less than 600 mW. d. 4 watts148.
BSC stands for:a.
Base Station Controller
b. Basic Service Contractc. Base Signal Controllerd.
Basic Service Code149. The combination of the
mobile cell phone and the cell site radio equipment
is called the:a. BSCb. RF interfacec. MTSOd
. air interface
150. The optimum cell-site radius is:a. 2 kmb. as
small as possiblec. 0.5 km
d. none of the above
151. Phone traffic is measured in:a. callsb. number
of users
c. erlangs
 d. number of blocked calls152. One way to increase
the capacity of a cell phone system is:a.
increase the number of cells
b. increase the ERPc. decrease the number of cellsd.
decrease the ERP153. CDPD stands for:a. Code-
Division Packet Datab. Coded Digital Packet Data
c. Cellular Digital Packet Data
d. Cellular Digital Pulse Data154. In North America,
PCS is assigned the ____________________-MHz
band.ANS: 1900155. Compared to AMPS, PCS cells
are ____________________ in size.ANS:
smaller156. Besides TDMA and CDMA,
____________________ is also used in North
America for PCS.ANS: GSM157. The spread-
spectrum technique used in IS-95 PCS is
____________________.ANS: CDMA direct
sequence
158. The spread-spectrum technique used in GSM is
_________________________.ANS: frequency
hopping159. Unlike AMPS, CDMA allows for a
____________________ handoff.ANS: soft160. The
orthogonal PN sequences used in CDMA are called
a ____________________ code.ANS: Walsh161.
Unlike other systems, in CDMA
____________________ frequencies are used in all
cells.ANS: all162. PN stands for Pseudo-
____________________ Noise.ANS: random163.
____________________ diversity is inherent in any
spread-spectrum system.ANS: Frequency164. RF
channel S/N ratios ____________________ than
zero are typical in CDMA systems.ANS: less165.
CDMA uses a ____________________-rate
vocoder.ANS: variable166. A phone user typically
talks less than ____________________% of the
time during a conversation.ANS: 50167. CDMA
requires ____________________-loop power
control to work properly.ANS: closed168. GPRS
stands for General ____________________ Radio
Service.ANS: Packet169. IMT stands for
 International ____________________
Telecommunications.ANS: Mobile170. UPT stands
for ____________________ Personal
Telecommunications.ANS: Universal171.The term
for mobile telephone services which began in 1940s
and are sometimes called Manualtelephone
systems.ANS: Mobile Telephone Manual System
(MTSs)172.The frequency used by MTSs.ANS: 35
MHz-45MHz173. Switch that was used by MTS to
activate the transceiver.ANS: Push-to-Talk
(PTT)174.It was introduced in 1964 which used
several carrier frequencies and could, therefore,
handle severalsimultaneous mobile conversations at
the same time.ANS: Improved Mobile Telephone
System (IMTS)175. The term suggested any radio
transmitter, receiver, or transceiver that could be
moved whileoperation.ANS: Mobile176. The term
that described a relatively small radio unit that was
handled, battery powered, and easilycarried by a
person moving at walking speed.ANS: Portable177.
It is similar to two-way mobile radio in that most
 communications occurs between base stations
andmobile units.ANS: Cellular Telephone
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178. It operates on half duplex and use PTT

transceivers. examples of two-way radio: Citizens
Band (CB)Public land mobile radioANS: Two-Way
Radio179. A one to one system that permits two-
way simultaneous transmissions and operates the
same wayas the standard wire line telephone
service.ANS: Mobile Telephone180. Hinted of a
cellular telephone scheme that he referred to as
 simply a small-zone radio telephonesystem in the
July 28, 1945.ANS: E.K. Jett181. On June 17, 1946,
they introduced the first American commercial
mobile radio-telephone service toprivate
customers.ANS: AT&T and Southwestern Bell182.
A radio telephone service introduced by AT&T in
1947.ANS: Highway Service.183. Unveiled the
most famous mobile telephone to date: the fully
mobile shoe phone in 1966 in atelevision show
called Get Smart.ANS: Don Adams184.The year
when FCC granted AT&T the first license to operate
a developmental cellular telephoneservice in
Chicago.ANS: 1975185. A satellite-based wireless
personal communications satellite (PCSS)ANS:
Iridium186. Another term for cellular
telephone.ANS: Cellular Radio187. A large
geographic market area.ANS: Coverage zone188. It
is employed to increase the capacity of a mobile
telephone channel.ANS: Frequency Reuse189.The
shape that was used because it provides the most
effective transmission by approximating acircular
pattern while eliminating the gaps present between
 adjacent circles.ANS: Honeycomb190. Large cells
that typically has 1 mile and 15 miles radius with
base station transmit power 1W and 6W.ANS:
Macrocells191.The smallest cells that typically has
radius of 1500 feet or less with base station transmit
powersbetween 0.1 W and 1 W.ANS:
Microcells192. The process in which the same set of
frequencies can be allocated to more than one one
cell,provided the cells are separa ted by sufficient
distance.ANS: Frequency Reuse193.A geographic
cellular radio coverage area containing three groups
of cells.ANS: cluster194.Typically equal to 3,7, or
12.ANS: Cluster size195.The process of finding the
tier with the nearest co-channel cellsANS: First
Tier196. Two cells using the same set of
frequencies.ANS: Co-channel cells

197. The interference between the co-channels

cells.ANS: Adding radio channels to a system:
Decreasing the transmit power per cell making cells
smallerfilling vacated coverage areas with new
cells198.The area of a cell, or independent
 component coverage areas of cellular system is
further subdividedthus creating more areas.ANS:
Cell Splitting199.Occurs when number of the
number of subscriber wishing to place a call at any
given time equalsthe number of channels in the
cell.ANS:Maximum Traffic Load200.A condition
occurs when a new call is initiated in an area where
all the channels are in use.ANS: Blocking

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