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Unit 8 THE WORLD OF WORK

A. PRONUNCIATION
1. Choose the word that has a different stress pattern from the other three by circling A, B, C, or D.
1. A. applicant B. candidate C. demonstrate D. tuition
2. A. shortlist B. survive C. unique D. apply
3. A. entrepreneur B. perseverance C. documentary D. academic
4. A. administrator B. generosity C. approachable D. articulate
5. A. trailer B. tailor C. recruit D. native
6. A. dealership B. vulnerable C. specialise D. apprentice
7. A. cluttered B. colleague C. extinct D. vital
8. A. prioritise B. generosity C. potential D. ethnicity
9. A. qualification B. anonymous C. compassionate D. rhinoceros
10. A. barista B. probation C. inherit D. represent
2. Underline the stressed words in the following sentences. Then, practice saying them with a
partner. Pay attention to the stressed auxiliary verbs and modal auxiliaries.
1. Please write me a recommendation letter if you can.
2. - You forgot to turn off the lights.
- I did turn off the lights.
3. I couldn't get the job I wanted, but I did get an offer for another one.
4. He isn't very good at his job, but she is.
5. I can work under pressure if I must.
6. She wasn't qualified for the job last year, but she is now.
7. You must write emails to customers all day.
8. I can't ask the boss to give me a day off.
9. - Do come to my dinner party tomorrow night.
- I'll come if I can.
10. I would give you the interview questions if I could.
B. VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR
1. Complete each sentence with the most suitable words by circling A, B, C or D.
1. He is well-liked by his co-workers because he has a(n) personality.
A. bubbly B. talkative C. annoying D. anxious
2. During her career, she has worked in well-known retail stores as a sales .
A. waitress B. associate C. helper D. officer
3. In order to become a successful lawyer, you need to try your best to defend your .
A. guests B. customers C. criminals D. clients
4. The job market is very in our country.
A. competitive B. dangerous C. risky D. crowded
5. Larry has been working hard, so his boss is considering giving him a .
A. progression B. salary C. promotion D. rise
6. His responsibility as the team leader is to other workers to give their best.

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A. motivate B. force C. advance D. insist

7. List down only your work experiences that are to the job description of the position you are
applying for.
A. relating B. relative C. relate D. relevant
8. All applicants need to send in a along with their application letter.
A. degree B. credential C. CV D. document
9. I love working freelance because it allows me the opportunity to work .
A. flexible B. flexitime C. flexed D. flexihours
10. To work at big companies such as Google or IBM, you need to have good .
A. certificate B. degree C. qualification D. major
2. Complete the text with the correct form of the words from the box.
firm develop strength prepare interview
impression positive advantage advance resist
Are you a high school student getting ready for a job (1) ? It can be challenging when you
haven't done it before, but putting your best foot forward during the interview is a critical step towards
landing a great job during high school, and a valuable skill to (2) for the future. Here are
some tips to help you to take (3) of every interviewing opportunity.
- Arrive for your interview about 15 minutes in (4) .
- First (5) have a high impact.
- Greet the interviewer with a (6) but not crushing handshake, a warm smile and look them in
the eye.
- Turn your cell phone off or to vibrate, and (7) the temptation to take a peek at any time
before, during or after the meeting, when you are in view of the interviewer.
- Exude energy, enthusiasm and a (8) attitude at all times.
- Take inventory of your (9) prior to the interview.
- At the end of the interview, be (10) to ask a few questions about the job.
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gl/KhWyuB)
3. Find the mistake in each sentence by circling A, B, C or D.
1. Mary said she can't come down and she asked to be helped.
A B C D
2. Boy told the teacher that he didn't understand.
A B C D
3. The boss asked us whether we had seen where we left his briefcase.
A B C D
4. Angelina wonder where the karate competition would be.
A B C D
5. The children said they would miss me and asked me to coming back soon.
A B C D
6. My friend informed us that school was over so they were going on vacation.
A B C D

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7. My teacher offered look over my resume before I submitted them.

A B C D
8. My friend advised me not to working at a bar.
A B C D
9. The man asked where his friends have gone the previous night.
A B C D
10. My friends asked the teacher to an extension on their homework.
A B C D
4. Complete the sentences with the correct answer by circling A or B.
1. Peter advised Ann procrastinating on her homework.
A. to stop B. stop
2. Mom Tom to study more or he would not get dessert.
A. advised B. warned
3. Kelsy Ron to apply for the volunteer position with her.
A. offered B. asked
4. Peter to help Becky with her rehearsal.
A. advised B. offered
5. Mai her son not to eat so fast.
A. advised B. warned
6. Carly Jill to go shopping with her.
A. asked B. offered
7. Linh to do the housework for her mom.
A. advised B. offered
8. Jake Diana not to drink so much alcohol.
A. offered B. advised
9. Karina her sister to wear a more formal outfit for her job interview.
A. told B. offered
10. Anne her colleague not to lie to the boss.
A. suggested B. advised
5. Complete each sentence with the correct answer by circling A, B, C or D.
1. My grandfather got on the number 205 bus last night; he should have taken the number 250
bus.
A. out of power B. in trouble C. by mistake D. in anger
2. The key to success diligence and perseverance, not fortune.
A. consists of B. lies in C. comes of D. makes up
3. I like the nature of the job, I don't like the salary.
A. While B. Since C. Despite D. As
4. Bob in his report, but his computer didn't work properly last night.
A. would turn B. would have turned
C. could not turn D. had turned

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5. On entering the classroom, the teacher found comic books and newspapers all over the floor.
A. scattering B. had scattered C. which scattered D. scattered
6. The twins look so much alike that people often mistaken one .
A. for the other B. with the other C. with another D. for another
7. Heidi was lying on the grass, on her face.
A. the sun shone B. and the sun shining
C. with the sun shone D. the sun shining
8. Paris is a beautiful European city .
A. worth to visit B. worthy of visiting C. worthwhile to visit D. worth visiting
9. Jane an application letter since 6am, but she hasn't finished it yet.
A. has been written B. has written C. has been writing D. wrote
10. People are about to go in for an interview often seem very nervous.
A. who B. which C. whose D. for whom
C. READING
1. Complete the text with the most suitable words by circling A, B, C or D.
Imagine if you had information on thousands of non-profit agencies looking for volunteers
anywhere nationwide, and also were able to choose how much time to spend, the type of cause you want
to support, and set your own hours for volunteering. It would be (1) to find a reason not to
volunteer, wouldn't it?
Whether you can spend 8 hours a week or 8 minutes; whether you live in the mountains on an
island, or on the plains; whether you want to support the environment or social issues, there are thousands
of opportunities (2) on VolunteerMatch.
VolunteerMatch is a non-profit website that (3) as a clearinghouse for organizations
needing individuals to volunteer and volunteers looking for organizations who can use their skills and
experience.
Any non-profit organization can list an unlimited number of volunteer opportunities on
VolunteerMatch. Volunteers can search by interest, date and keyword to (4) a personally
customized list. Once an opportunity of choice is found, the interested volunteer simply clicks on it to
contact the organization and get involved.
Non-profit organizations find VolunteerMatch an easy and (5) way to connect with
volunteers. One example is NetMentors.Org. “We have found the convenience factor to be a big driver in
finding volunteers for our program,” says James Green, executive director. “And that's on both (6)
.”
NetMentors.Org provides career development mentoring to at-risk youth. It‟s free to students and
allows them an opportunity to gather “real life” information in careers as (7) as law, information
technology, medicine or any other area where mentors can provide expertise. Currently, it reaches
students nationwide through (8) with several major universities and business schools.
Mentors participate via e-mail from all over the nation and can devote as much - or as little - time as
they'd like. “If you can only (9) 10 minutes a week, that can be enough time to e-mail a student
and answer some questions,” Green says. This flexibility benefits the students, as well. “By taking (10)
of the Internet, volunteering doesn't have to be a big, complicated commitment.”
(Text adapted from: https://goo.gI/sGMCm2)

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1. A. easy B. hard C. complex D. crucial

2. A. list B. waiting C. display D. awaited
3. A. defined B. considers C. serves D. shows
4. A. stimulate B. inspire C. support D. generate
5. A. efficient B. influential C. slow D. powerful
6. A. ways B. sides C. perspectives D. people
7. A. diverse B. different C. big D. wide
8. A. scholarships B. companionships C. partnerships D. friendships
9. A. cost B. take C. get D. spare
10. A. development B. increase C. advantage D. profit
2. Read the following text and answer the questions by circling A, B, C or D.
Astronauts often work 16 hours a day on the space shuttle in order to complete all the projects set
out for the mission. From space, astronauts study the geography, pollution, and weather patterns on Earth.
They take many photographs to record their observations. Also, astronauts conduct experiments on the
shuttle to learn how space conditions, such as microgravity, affect humans, animals, plants, and insects.
Besides working, regular exercise is essential to keep the astronauts healthy in microgravity.
Astronauts sometimes go outside the shuttle to work. They are protected by a space suit from the
radiation of the Sun. Meanwhile, the space suit provides necessary oxygen supply and keeps the
astronauts from feeling the extreme heat or cold outside the shuttle.
When the mission is over, the crew members get ready to return to Earth. The shuttle does not use
its engines for a landing. It glides through the atmosphere. When the shuttle touches the ground, a drag
parachute opens to steady the aircraft, get the speed right, and help the brakes on the landing-gear wheels
to bring it to a complete stop.
(Text adapted from:https://goo.gl/gLkSKn)
1. The passage is mainly about .
A. how astronauts fly the space shuttle B. how a space mission is completed
C. how a space shuttle is constructed D. how far astronauts travel in space
2. The word conduct in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. behave B. instruct C. serve as D. carryout
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The astronauts need a space suit to work outside the shuttle.
B. The astronauts keep themselves warm in a space suit.
C. The astronauts need a space suit to survive in space.
D. The astronauts can hardly breathe in a space suit.
4. A parachute needs to be opened because it can .
A. slow down the shuttle
B. stop the shuttle from falling
C. make the shuttle get closer to Earth
D. help the shuttle glide through the atmosphere
3. Read the five job advertisements below. For each statement, write an answer A, B, C, D or D.

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A. Do you have the ability to care for others? Can you understand how older people feel? Are you a good
communicator? Do you have good listening skills? Can you work weekends?
If you have answered YES to the above, we would like to hear from you:
- Starting rate of £8.56 per hour
- Free uniform
- Excellent training
B. Trainee hairdresser
Full Time – 40 hours per week
Permanent
Brighton City Centre
Learn from some of the best hairdressers in the world!
You will work 40 hours a week Monday to Saturday. Your responsibilities will include: welcoming
clients, washing hair, bringing coffee and tea to customers, and keeping the salon clean and tidy at all
times.
No previous experience is necessary.
Please apply NOW!
Cathycut-above.brighton.com

C. Wowee Magazine
Writers wanted!
Wowee Magazine is looking for writers for its website. Pay is based on the number of people who read
your articles. You may also receive free tickets to events and free products to test. This is a great
opportunity to get valuable work experience.
We want people who are:
chatty interesting
passionate skilled
Contact us at info@wowee.com
D. CALLING ALL MODELS
Think you could be a model? If so, we’d like to meet you!
Working as a successful fashion model isn't easy but it is very exciting and could be a great opportunity.
Girls should be over 16 with a minimum height of 172 cm and boys should have a minimum height of
182 cm. If you are under 16 and do not yet have the required height, we would still be interested in
meeting you, but you must bring a parent.
info@top-model-agency.uk
E. WORK FOR COFFEE BEANS
Join Britain‟s number one café at Coffee Beams, where every cafe has the same aims; to create
family-like teams and to give excellent customer service
Many different kinds of people come and work with us, so start your career at COFFEE BEANS
today:

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- choose the hours you work

- get management experience
- share your love of coffer
Join us as a Team Member Assistant Manage or Cafe Manager, depending on your skills and
experience.
Email us at jobs@ coffeebearts.co.uk
(Text retrieved from: https://goo.gl/H3MNxA)
1. Which job allows the worker to choose their work hours?
2. Which job requires work on Saturday?
3. Which job advertisement gives the pay rate?
4. Which job will provide training?
5. Which job requires experience and skills?
6. Which job has an age requirement?
7. Which job pays according to work performance?
8. Which job requires work with customers?
9. Which job provides opportunities to go to shows?
10. Which job asks for certain physical traits?
4. Read the following job advertisements and answer the questions below.
A. Seeking qualified person for front desk position of a day spa. Individual must be organized, be able to
multi task, be dependable & have great customer service skills. Prior experience is at plus. Candidate
must be able to think on their feet w/o a lot of supervision.
B. You are requested to answer calls, made on an infrequent basis, acting as a representative for our
company. You only need to state this once asked, and to note down the contact information of the caller,
You will be paid £5 for each call received.
Compensation: £5 per phone call
C. Looking for 2 motivated, friendly, compass ionate people who love animals. Duties include cleaning
cages/runs/hospital, stocking supplies, bathing animals, administering medication, preparing laboratory
samples for pickup and assisting veterinarians with exams. Weekdays, nights and weekends (both
Saturday and Sunday) are available. New employees will need to work weekends.
Salary offered is $12.00/hr.
D. Must own LARGE VAN (Transit 4M sprinter etc with courier and goods in transit insurance. Duties
are loading parcels onto vehicles. Organising into post code order and deliveries between 80 to 100 stops
per day + collection. To apply telephone 07944 838768 and ask for Simon.
E. Responsibilities will include: dropping off and picking up from school, play and care, some household
chores. You will have free time from 9am to 3pm every day, and full weekends, when you can do
anything of your choice. We live in a spacious house in North London (Zone 3). If you have worked with
children before and can commit for a minimum of 6mouths please get in touch. References and checks
may be carried oat.

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(Text retrieved from gumtree.com)

Match the adverts to the jobs below by writing A, B, C, D or E in the space provided.
1. Veterinary help
2. Receptionist
3. Courier/Delivery person
4. Secretary
5. Nanny/Babysitter
Match the jobs to the descriptions below.
You should be able to work during Saturdays and Sundays. 6.
This job is for not less than half a year. 7.
You should have your car for this job. 8.
You should be self-reliant in this job. 9.
More than one person can apply for this job. 10.
You only get money in this job when you do one specific thing. 11.
You should contact a man to get this job. 12.
It would be great if you had a job like this one before. 13. 14.
You will be helping a doctor in this job. 15.
Match the each word/phrase to its closest meaning.
16. qualified A. duties at home
17. organized B. answer telephone
18. compassionate C. ordered
19. household chores D. give out drugs
20. prior E. supporting
21. administer medication F. kind
22. receive a call G. tasks
23. responsibilities H. skilled
24. spacious I. large
25. assisting J. earlier
5. Read the text and answer the questions below.
If you are at Changi Airport and you are in trouble, never fear, Winston's here. Mr Winston Yip, 32,
is a Changi Experience Agent, essentially a customer service officer who looks for travelers who seem
lost or need assistance.
You might see him showing transit passengers around the airport‟s swimming pool and butterfly
garden, or pointing first-time arrivals in Singapore to where the baggage claim is.
In the last year since he has joined Changi Airport, he has helped numerous travelers, such as a
family from Prague, the Czech Republic, who were stuck in the airport for two days because they did not
have visas to their next location.
Their airline would not allow them to board their plane, so they wandered around the airport until
they approached Mr Yip at an information counter on the second day. He provided them with food and
water and, as they could not speak English, used Goggle Translate to communicate with them and get
more information about their flight. Thanks to his help, they eventually returned home safely to Prague.

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Though it is only his first year as a Changi Experience Agent, he has interacted with more people
from all walks of life than he did in his past 10 years at a call centre.
“You feel good after helping travelers. You just have to look at their faces of joy and relief when
you say they can go home safely. This is why I really love my job!” said Mr Yip.
Of course, every job is not without its challenges. When asked about the hardest part of his job, Mr
Yip said, “(The hardest part of the job is when) you really want to help a passenger but it is not within
your means.”
“You feel sad for them but there is nothing you can do - just provide a listening ear, comfort them
and give them options.”
(Text adapted from https://goo.gl/BnyW5p)
1. What is Mr Winston Yip's job and what is his job essentially about?

2. Why did the family from Prague need Mr Yip's help?

3. How did Mr Yip communicate with the family from Prague?

4. What did Mr Yip work as before taking up his current job at Changi Airport?

5. Does Mr Yip love his job? Why?

6. Which phrase in the passage has the same meaning as „hear and pay attention’?

D. WRITING
1. Rewrite the each sentence so that it has the same meaning.
1. The boss: “Be silent because I'm working.”
The boss asked us
2. Sarah: “How many CVs can you write?
Sarah asked me
3. The girl: “Are you going to your interview?”
The girl asked me
4. The children: “What did the teacher give us for homework?”
The children wondered
5. Her mom: “Don't make a mess.”
Her mom told her
6. The teacher: “What kind of part-time job do you like?”
The teacher asked
7. The man: “Can you take a picture for us?”
The man asked me
8. Michael to Sarah: “Which job will you apply for?”
Michael asked Sarah

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9. Jake: “Did you see where I left my application letter?”

Jake asked us
10. Amanda: “Where will the career fair be?”
Amanda wondered
2. Report what each person said.
1. Sam: Ben, you'd better not yell at your employees.
Sam advised
2. Ally: Lyn, you'd better get some help with the company's report.
Ally advised
3. Selma: Ross and Jake, don't drink and drive or you may have an accident.
Selma told
4. Phillip: Sam, you should go on a diet.
Phillip told
5. Harry: Ron, you'd better not work so much while in school.
Harry advised
6. Phong: Lucy, I'd write the application letter tomorrow if I were you. It's almost the deadline.
Phong advised
7. Chau: Huyen, do you need some help?
Chau offered
8. Ann: Ella, go see the doctor. You look awful.
Ann asked
9. Phuong: Leo, pay attention when walking on the street.
Phuong told
10. Teacher: Tom, pay attention to the explanation!
The teacher asked
3. Look back at the five job advertisements in the Reading section, Exercise 3. Choose a job that
you would like to apply for and write a CV accordingly.

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