Gun crime, Gun ownership and the Brandt Line Mark 19/20 This pojectis a good, lear example of how a sudent can get high marks with simple, but clear ideas. The project involves the collecion of data on gun crime and gun onnershipin diferent counuis both above and below the Brandt line. Some simple averages and box plots lok a the central tendency and spread ofthe data. The student then goes on tomake scatter graphs and calculate the Pearsons product moment corelation coefcint, PMC, showing al ofthe "working, The simple soucture is clear end easy to folow and the overall coherence of the project made it qute easy to atk, The marks expl ‘carion Mark austhesten “Tne oaucton on page fear and cone, Thetis a We, deserplon of he ask and ne ast A mocucsen ——««3/3_—_—paragragn special mentons the techniques iat are going 9 be use anc the purpose behind bem The candiate haste to numerical data fits aout gun cme ae gun ouneship foreach of the 70 ‘counties. They ave also sed tecquo to dive ee in oto FOURS obo compared sng te “Bea Line The data al coed, ea organised for analyss a teres sricient quay and ‘unity te cana toroighy explains the collcton process and heehee of source. They mn ‘plan and jus the choco 70 counes tom the chosen source (nage ar). Ts als wth the need to talk about sarin wih secondary data. 8 inernaton 38 ‘Candida uses correc and rolovant inp procsses(averagos and box plots). They goon to use cc Maerstcal gs _scater aps and te suressucalson oe Pearsons predict moment careton cence. Proves nal ertng shown, “There a good deal of meaningful dscussion of he resus and ey ne TES Seems harsh, But 1D imerretten «2a cancostes conments inte coneusion an page 10 abou postive ane weak cerlaton ae not ‘que the night Although they cary understand the implications eho rsuts, this mes ust 2 ere. 5 Veley 41 Secton on page 30 ever tis. F Smrnre.ane 318 _Pojct reads ery wala is aly stuctred and aso flow, © marcy, 22 Cane makes consent good se of aan an ing Total 920Maths Internal Assessment Page 1 of 18 Maths Internal Assessment What is the relationship between gun ownership and gun crime in countries above and below the Brandt Line?Maths Internal Assessment Contents Page 1~Title Page Page 2 Table of Contents Page 3~ Introduction Page 3-4 ~ Data Collection Process Pages 5-9 ~ Mathematical Processes Page 10- Validity / Conclusion Page 11 Bibliography Pages 12-18 - Appendix Page 2 of 18Maths Internal Assessment Page 3 of 18 Introduction The debate over gun ownership in various countries in the world, especially the United States, is brought up almost every year. Some argue that guns are needed to protect the population, while others claim that gun ownership is the cause of crime, allowing people easy access to firearms that can be used for malicious intent. One argument made for anti-gun ownership is that the less legally owned firearms in a country, the less gun crime there is in that country. This particular claim interested me, as factors such ito account in the as illegal gun trade and overall crime rate in various countries seem to not be taken claim. | wanted to therefore investigate this claim by researching various countries around the world and compare their legal gun ownership rate to their firearm-related death rates. The easiest way of organizing these countries was to divide them into two groups: above the Brandt Line and below the Brandt Line. The Brandt Line is a visual depiction of the north-south divided that groups the countries of the world into two groups: ifa country is above the Brandt Line it is considered to above the line itis part of the “Rich North” and if the country falls below the line it is considered to be part of the “Poor South’. It was originally created to demonstrate the differences in economic development between the northern and southern hemispheres. | sorted the data as such because I think that richer countries may have more guns because they have more money to spend and | also think countries below the Brandt itentional homicide rates are higher in countries Line will have more firearm-related deaths becaus below the Brandt Line.* ‘have collected data for the top 70 countries in the world with the most guns owned per 100,000 of the population and then collected those countries’ most recent firearm-related death rates per 100,000 of the population to compare the two together. | will first take an average of the firearm-related death rate and the legal gun ownership in the two groups of countries above and below the Brandt Line. This is to initially see if my hypothesis that there will be more guns above the Brandt Line and more crime below the Brandt is generally correct. Then, | will create box and whisker diagrams for the same data to show the spread of the data and finally | will work out the Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient of the correlation for the two groups to see if there is a strong correlation. Data Collection Process ‘The best resource | had available to me when collecting data for this assessment was the internet. When researching firearm related homicide rates ard gun ownership rates, researching individual countries that | simply thought may have the most amount of guns or firearm-related death rate proved to be inefficient and relied on what | thought would be the highest, not what the actual highest would be. The best source | found that gave a clear and defined list of countries for both firearm-related death rates and legal gun ownership was Wikipedia. While Wikipedia has a reputation for inaccuracies due to the editing freedom given to its users, in the case of the two tables it provided citations for where the data for each country came from and | made sure to confirm that these sources provided the same statistics to://en,wikipedia.ore/wiki/tist of countries by intentional homicide rate As we can see from this table, the countries with the highest rate of intentional homicide are all below the Brandt LineMaths Internal Assessment Page 4 of 18 that were on the tables on Wikipedia and were reliable. The number of legally-owned guns statistics ‘were mostly taken from the 2007 Small Arms Survey of the world by the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland with any inaccuracies changed and noted with their own citations in the table on Wikipedia and the statistics for the number of legally-owned guns were entirely taken from the statistics section of GunPolicy.org, which is curated by the Sydney ‘School of Public Health in the University of Sydney, which is identified by Wikipedia as a reliable source. However, the list for firearm-related death rate is considered incomplete by Wikipedia as the figures for this statistic will be constantly changing, but | took the most recent statistics as of the 22" of January 2014 and deemed it fit to use in the assessment. I decided to pick the top 70 countries because the table for firearm-related death rate only went up to 75 but | also felt that 70 was a comfortable and workable number for the mathematical processes | would use for this assessment and it also exceeds the minimum number of countries | wanted for the data set, which was 50. Selecting the top 70 rather a sample of 70 from around the world was mainly because the table on Wikipedia was the top 75 and not 2 sample, but | also felt this would be good at representing these statistics because the 71" countries and lower on the under on the rankings tended to be mostly the same, with many, especially for gun ‘ownership rates, were O guns per 100,000 people with barely and gun crime, and having a lot of countries with 0 guns and no crime wouldn't be very interesting for the assessment,Maths Internal Assessment Page of 18 Mathematical Processes Page 5 ~ Tables of Collected Data and their Averages Pages 6-7 — Box and Whisker Diagrams of Collected Data Pages 7-9 ~ Calculation of the Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient Tables of Collected Data and their Averages Table 1: A sample of the table that shows the firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned pper 100,000 people above the Brandt Line. This table also contains the average of each. The full table can be found in Appendi A. County Vatue BY Value (Guns (Above Brandt Line) | (Gun Deaths per | Legally Owned per 100,000 peoste) | 100,000 peop) —_| Saath Aen 21 12700 [untedsate 03) [ ssao0 —— Montenegro 35 200 Serbia 39 58200 Swieeiond 38 43700 fionania [oa 700 Singspore O16 500 Belarus [oa 7300 apa 08 00 ‘averaae (27 V1 AoE | 19500 Table 2: A sample of the table that shows the firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people below the Brandt Line. This table also contains the average of each. The full table can be found in Appendix 8. Country Value fe) Vatoe (Gane (Below Brandt tine) (Gun Deaths per | Legally Owned per 100,000 people) | 100,000 people) Honduras was “Swaxiiand [3736 uatemala 36.38 Dababwe ‘a2 400 South Korea 0.08) 00 ‘Reerbajon [oa 3500, ong Kon 0.03 [o ‘Average (7 Y) wa.25206206 | 31229 62563 These tables, and their averages, show at first that the countries above the Brandt Line own more guns peer 100,000 people on average compared to the countries below the Brandt Line but in the countries below the line there are a lot more firearm-related deaths compared to the countries above the line. ‘Again, this may be because countries above the Brandt Line have more money to spend on legal guns, while there could be more gun deaths in countries under the Brandt Line because they may be more crime in these less wealthy countries.Maths Internal Assessment. Page 6 of 18 Box and Whisker Diagrams Next | am going to use Autograph to work out the spread of the data for the most guns owned per 100,000 of the population and those countries’ most recent firearm-related death rates per 100,000 of the population using a box and whisker diagram in order to see the spread and range of the data. Graph 1: Comparative Box and Whisker Diagrams to show the spread of data of the number of firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people in the groups of countries above the Brandt Line and those below it [Above Brant Line) |__| . - [Below Brandt Lino SS ———_—__ SF tovenaue | == Graph 2: Comparative Box and Whisker Diagrams to show the spread of data of the number of legally-owned guns pper 100,000 people in the groups of countries above the Brandt Line and those below it [Above Brandt Line [Below Brandt Line ae | =Maths Internal Assessment. Page 7 of 18 ‘These Box and Whisker Diagrams show that the spread for legally-owned guns in countries above the Brandt Line is very large, but the quartiles are relatively low. This is because of the United States, whose inhabitants own a lot more guns than the populaces of other countries above the Brandt Line. As for the diagram showing the number of firearm-related deaths, it’s the countries below the Brandt Line that have a large range and a smaller range this time. This is because of countries like Honduras, which has a huge death rate, 64.8, compared to countries like Azerbaijan, which only has 0.04 deaths. In countries like Honduras there is @ higher crime rate compared to in countries like Azerbaijan, and the number of firearm-related homicides must contribute to that. Next | am going to solve the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient for the lines of best fit in the scatter graphs that these sets of data would create. This will show us if there is any real correlation in the two groups between legally owned guns and firearm-related death. Calculation of the Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient ‘The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient makes a numerical value that can be used to determine the strength of the linear correlation between two sets of data. In this case the two sets of, data would be firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people. ‘© The numerical value that will come from sok and 1. © Whenr ig the coefficient, called r, will be i -1 the correlation between the data sets is a perfectly negative one. © When r= O there is no correlation. © When r= 1 the correlation between the data sets is a perfectly positive one. ‘© When all the plotted points on a scatter graph form a straight line, the correlation is considered perfect. ‘© When ris between... © Oand 0.25, the correlation is very weak © 0.25 and 0.5, the correlation is weak © 0.5 and 0.75, the correlation is moderate © 0.75 and 1, the correlation is strong ‘When the two sets of data x and y are the two sets of data, the formula for the Pearson Product- 0 Coefficient is: r = 22 Moment Correl: Where sy is the covariance and sy and s, are the standard deviations of x and y. Syy = ELD = == pcAbove the Brandt Line: Maths Internal Assessment Page 8 of 18 Table 3: A sample of the table that finds the covariance of firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people above the Brandt Line. The full table can be found in Appendix C. County Value (=) Value (y11une x x9 | @-0O-H DO= Hew (Above | (Gun Deaths per | Legally Owned per naa Brandt ne) | 100,000 people) _| 100,000 pzople) South Arca [21.5% 12700) Tera | S00 Tareas | aT United sates | 103, ‘go000 7339767882 | 63700 546491. 7207| 37707 73606 ‘Montenegro | B55 23100. ‘eoss767aa2_| 3500 2314. 11626) SHa.1650049) Serta 33 36200 1439767482] 38900 5800655349) 730248729 Switzerond [3.88 45700 Es7a767a42_| 26400 35425.86047| ‘471130387 Unive [oz oo) 2 25005PS5E | “17700 aOR SEIT Se7SS70579 Romanis | 039, 700. =2.770232558 | -18600 42226.32558 ‘3820075717 Singapore [036 300. 77300232558 | “18800 3264 37209 1005.683072 Belarus [02 730) 2360232558 | -12000 733227307 1586595511 [aan 06 600. ag0oa7ese [18700 884 30884 3045.822066 3. (covariance)? | 2009253488 Table 4: A sample of the table that finds the standard deviations of firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and. ‘Buns legally owned per 100,000 people above the Brandt Line. The full table can be found in Appendix D. county Standard Deviation of x Standard Deviation ofy ‘Ssaiaa 7661707037007 Vae (=) Vatoe (yH1eans =F oF (above Brandt | (Gun Death per | Legaly Ounce por Lin} 10,000 people} _| 300.000 people) Seunafiea —| 2.51 2700 Sanaa ao Unted states [503 5000 siasiisas4 858090000 Montenegro | 55 [z3i00 370852675, exo. Seria 35. se200 2oress0287 | 513210000, Swtsetand — [38 25700 1905758198 686560000 ane [oT SE 10857 ies, [Remenia——[ 0a 700 S.1s3555968 345860000 Singapore [036 0 5.201069022 353820000 ears ot 7206 S.S70507729 sagoo000 [epan 008 0 S.761136333 34965000 Tas Sis 20577 32550100000, eae as ions nonse767ad SGe= wF rads | aszsresr 707037437 {stander Oeviton) Covariance 20682:53409 0344065 From this result we can see that the correlation between gun ownership and gun death above the Brandt Line is positive, but weak. The result is positive because it seems that as the number of gun deaths increase, so too does the number of legally-owned guns. However, this is a weak correlation, ‘meaning that while these two positive increases do happen, they only happen in small amounts, causing the r value of 0.344, which is considered weak. 1 would cause more gun deaths, seeing as there are more guns available for the killings. could be because owning more guns in a country | can prove that this is the correct Correlation Coefficient because | have ran the data into Autograph ‘and, as you can see in Appendix G, my calculations and Autographs calculations match,Maths Internal Assessment Page 9 of 18 Below the Brandt Line: ‘Table 5: A sample of the table that finds the covariance of firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people below the Brandt Line. The full table can be found in Appendix E. Counev Vaive (=) vawe (yeas [= 729 | SHOW [Oe (Gelow Brandt | (Gun Deaths per | tegaty Owned per naz tine) 100000 peose)_| 100,000 peoste) Honduras [oa e200 SISU70STOR | SORES | RDETEOTE SOLIS Eisshado? —[ aL17 5800 ‘ras7oaTOs_| 547962969 _| 1512533937 | 5601977540 Tamia 3378 [3100 {gas7oa704_[ 312567563 | -azaoa sox] 3070.17096 Sean noes [00S iia Tiimene [nana [aoa aE ‘Aaerbaien [008 3500 3.21296006 [7720062963 | 107131.31 arazsaiii2 Hong Kong [0.08 @ $3.22296096 | 1122052063 | 1484889757 5499551729 ¥ Goveranesys | 175 01572 ‘Table 6: A sample of the table that finds the standard deviations of firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people below the Brandt Line. The full table can be found in Appendix F country [aha = Vahey (Gime we oF (Below orande | (Gun Deaths per | Legally Oxned per Lined 100,000 peopl) _| 100,000 people) Honduras [643 e200 ear aaTOAT Ea Esshador— [att 30 776.0125125 BETTS Tamaica 3a B00 Tose | 5734581 517 Seutnores [006 nwo inns ioe ‘zerbajan — [Ot 3500 | 1745823903 SOMATAD Hong ong [003 a | 1749467095 __Prrsiowsars Tea rers00163 | SD) 71S2596296 (a= ay aor | ae.rosseie_[ 3g — ye 27: | 8120501801 RG wa [isso | JSGe year | solszease | itandor Deviton) {standord Devition _ he Covariance re asso1372 coe Siandard Deviation ofx indard Deviation ofy Teeoa47698%9011 500556 — From this result we can see that the correlation between gun ownership and gun death below the Brandt Line is very weak but also negative. There is barely a correlation at all because there are many gun deaths compared to barely any legally owned guns in a lot of the countries in the data. Itis negative because as the number of gun deaths decreased, the number of legal guns slightly increased and this caused a negative correlation over a positive one. However, the number of legal guns only increased very slightly, causing the correlation to very weak. This could be because the countries with typically high gun ownership, such as Kuwait or Cyprus, have a low amount of gun deaths Inversely, the countries with the highest gun death rates don’t have many legally owned guns, and this causes the correlation to turn negative. They may have high gun deaths with low amounts of legally owned guns due to the number of illegally owned guns in these countries that are typically full of crime. | can prove that this is the correct Correlation Coefficient because | have ran the data into Autograph and, as you can see in Appendix H, my calculations and Autograph’s calculations match,Maths Internal Assessment Page 10 of 18 Vali ity Throughout the investigation into the relationship between firearm-related death rate and legal gun ‘ownership some limitations may have affected the validity and outcome of the results. One limitation of the data could be that it doesn’t include the overall wealth of countries above and below the Brandt Line, as this could explain how some countries could afford the firearms. Another is that the data doesn’t include the overall crime rate of each country, or perhaps more specifically illegal imports, as these imports could explain the high level of gun crime compared to lack of legally owned Buns in some countries. A third limitation is because of the range of 70, as a larger range may show that other countries below the Brandt Line may not follow the pattern displayed by that group in the top 70, in that there is alot of gun crime with no legally owned guns. This could vastly change the range of results, especially the box and whisker diagrams. A final imitation is that the data collected for each country was collected in different years from different sources, with the data displayed the most recent data for that country. This questions the validity of the data as some countries do not have the most up to date data, but itis the most recent that has been recorded. Conclusions Despite the above mentioned limitations, my hypothesis that there are more guns above the Brandt Line and more crime below the Brandt is true. The correlation between legal gun ownership and gun Geath above the Brandt Line is positive and weak and below the Brandt Line itis negative and very weak, showing that above the Brandt Line we can say that high gun ownership is a minor cause for the gun crime there, whl below the Brandt Line we cannot blame legally-owned guns for the gun crime there, with the most likely explanation for the result below the Brandt Line being illegal gun ownership.Maths Internal Assessment Page 11 of 18 Bibliography Websit Author Unknown. Number of guns per capita by country - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number of guns per capita by country. [last accessed: 22nd January 2014] ‘Author Unknown. List of countries by firearm-related death rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [ONLINE]. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of countries by firearm- related death rate. [last accessed: 22nd January 2014] ‘Author Unknown. List of countries by intentional homicide rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [ONLINE]. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List of countries by intentional homicide rate. [last accessed: 22nd January 2014] Books Blythe, Fenson, Forrest, Waldman de Tokman, Mathematical Studies Standard Level Pxford University Press, 2012 ISBN: 978-0-19-939013-8Appendix Appendix A Maths Internal Assessment Page 12 of 18 Table 1: Firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people above the Brandt Line. This table also contains the average of each. Country Value i) Value (w (Guns (Above Brandt tine) | (Gun Deaths per | Legally Owned pee 300,000 people)_| 100,000 people) ‘South aes BSL 2700 United States 303 35000. Montenegro B35 23100) Serb 33 38200 Swiretang 338 45700 Friand 3a 45200 Croatia 354 2700 France 301 31200 Asti 295 30200 Eston 254 9200) Slovenia 2a 13800 Belge Baz 17200 Canad 238 30800 ‘Bulgaria 235 5200. Tuaembou 202 15300) ‘Georg 32 73007 erat 187 7300) ocedonia Tas 24100) Norway 176 31300 Pores 7 3500 eech Republic 176 36300) Slovakia 175 3300, reece. sa 22500) Teen 57 30500) Sweden Taz 31600 ‘Denmark 1a 72000. ‘New Zealand es 22500 avis 1a T5000 italy zs 90) ‘cermany 32a 303001 Austral 2.06 35000 Modowa 03 7100) Hungary 087 3500, Taiwan O37 2600) Spain O82 30408) etierands a6. 3500, Polen 0.25 1300 United Kingdom = 025 33600) ‘Ursine “for 3600 Romani 039 700. Singapore ‘036 500, Belarus 03 7300) Tipan 008 600. ‘average (3797 2ac02s558 | 19300 “The United Kingdom statistic for guns legally owned is the addition of the statistics for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern IrelandAppendix 8 Maths Internal Assessment Page 13 of 18 ‘Table 2: Firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people above the Brandt Line. This table also contains the average of each. Country Value te) Vatue( (Guns (@elow Brandt Line) (Gun Deaths per | Legally Owned per 100,000 peopte)_| 100,000 people) Hendra Gr 200 EiSabvador au 5800) Jamaica 3978 3100) Swasland 3738 400 ‘Guatemala 3538 73100) Colombia ae 5900" Bear 3.03 3000. Panama 76 "21700 Urey or 31000 Mexico aay 35000) Argenta 0.05 10200 Prot 316 “17000 Nicaragua 729 7700 Costa Ri 628 3300, Cale 373 “T0700 Pen 373 8800) Prilopines 328 4700 Barbados 3 7200. Ryrgyston 30 300. ‘Cyorus 0.86 36100 india oe 2200) Kanai 036. 200 ‘Gator a5 2200 Zenbabue ‘0az 4600 South Kore 0.06 7100) ‘eerbaln ‘8 7350 ong Kong ‘08: 2 ‘Average (57 VD 13.25796R86 | 11STAppendix C ‘Maths Internal Assessment Page 14 of 18 Table 3: A table to find the covariance of fiearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people above the Brandt Line ‘Countey Valoeta) —] ValuetyVieuns | == © II | BOW [a= ew (Above Brandt Line) | (Gun Deaths | Legally Owned n= 43 peer 100,000 | per 10,000 seopie) | peopl) Sout Ae 2st 12700) Tsmeaveraa | S600 sasraaaesi | aaa si7795 United Sates 03 2000. 7359767482 | 697OD 5464317907 52707-71605 ‘Montenegro | 855. 73100) ‘soea7e7aa2 | 3600 2314111628) 538.1654949 Serbia 3 58200) 1435767482 | 38500 5600885345 330248729 ‘Switzerland 3a 2570 1379767442 | 26400 352586017 B47.113038 Find 38 25300. 1379767442] 26000, 30673 95369 733477555 Croatia 354 21709) 079767442 | 2400. 2591.40186 60.26608578 Franc 301 31200) ‘osag7e7aaz| 11900 1352252558 3521449832, Aust 295 30100 ‘oaea77ea2_| 13100 SIS ATBOOS, 26285396 Eston 254 9200. ‘oova7e74a2| 10400 305.6511698 | -18 73607355 Sivenia 249, 13500 "0.928767482|-5800 iraesiiers | -A0is103321, Belgium Bar 17200 01940232556 | 200 BaAB557209 7968845863 Canada 238 30800 ‘0.080232555 | 31500 so2.67aAias | 2148758452 Bulgora 235 5200, -0.130232558 | 13100 aaa.086512 33.88247702 tunernboare 202 15300) -2.020233558" | ~f000 1760.530235 20.95186587 ‘Georgia 97 7300 ~D.sma232558 | 12000 12,06 350.7625744 Terel 157 7300, 19590239558 | 12000 7092, 790658 647160627 Macedonia 185 25100) ~o.si023255e | 4600 -7o75.116279 | -68.11898523 Norway 178 31300) 79,580232558 | 12000 -EIGZ 790558 =189.6973418 Porugsl a7 3500, 01580232558 | 10800, 7154512628 173.3607355 ‘eech Repub 176 16300) 70.700232558 | 3000 200857574 .85348429 Sievakia 175 3300. 710232558 | -15000 78i2 55814 181.6873585 ‘reece is 22500) o.g20032558 | 3200 2624 74186 Si, 04056247 een 357 30300) -2.850232558 | 11000 379255844 2277339102 Sweden a7 51600) t.s00032568 | 47300 “121 79.86087 223.2525 ‘Denmare as 720001 .010257556 [7300 T37A65767| a.soase72 New Zealnd 345 22500) 3.010232558 | 3300 3553.767442 77.S1967535 ats a3 39000) .030252558 | “300, 309.069767 78766901 ‘ay 128 11500) si in0237558 [7400 373372093, 203, 108789% ‘Germany 30300) 7i.720239588 | 11000 13422 55809 3121575165 ‘austria 15000) 1400252556 | -4300 oat 140.0232558. Modo 700, =.430232586 | 32200 aaa 05.7069118 une 3500) 11590239558 | 13900. 21985 2083 3103537047 [Tawar 600 711590232558 | “14700 733764186, 542.537682 Soain 30400) 3.840282856 | 5900, 3637806977, 3608853450 netheande 3300. 20900232558 | -15400 30803 5814 726.352388, Potend 1500) 2.210232558 | -18000 397.1060 925.213629 ‘United Kingdomi™= [025 33600) 2710257568 | 14300 3506-32553 | -735.0308275 ‘Using 02. 6500, 3260252558 | 12700 2570495349 967.5570579 Romani 03s 700) 270732558 | 18600 2726 32558 582.0075717 [Singapore 036. 500, 2300252558 | 18800 43248:37209 3005 683072 Belarus 1 7305) 2360252558 | -12000. 28322.7907 585695511 pan 0.08 Ea .900252368 | 18700 4884 34884 3083 822066 {covarianca) | 2068? 53488Appendix D Maths Internal Assessment Page 15 of 18 Table 4: A table to find the standard deviations of firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally ‘owned per 100,000 people above the Brandt Line Zounty Wale =) [Wate (9 (Gone aH oa {above rant uin)_| (Gum deste) _| eps Danes) South rs 215i 270. ERIS OOH United Sates 303 30 SLA5354 558050000 Montene ass 35100 S7ORSIS7S 16000, Se 35 58200 PLOEE 5137000 Suen 3a 15700 1909758158 555360000 Fara ase 35300 1391051207 575000050 Coat ase 2700 [ises7r25 5760000 res Bot 51200 asonaze 141610000 fuer 338 S00 23587247 123710000 Exon asa 5200 05645 02010000 Soren 2a 500 .8s6FOT 33510000 igo Bat 7200 68559 si0000 cas 338 30800 037255 752250003, Suir 235 00 doraisizi7 ‘70000 toeroi on 15300 899806705, 600000, Geores 137 7300 029195177 400000 spel is? 700 FEET) 32000003, sesdon is 20D a3723875_| 350000. Nowe 178 31300 3asa716393, 20000, Porta a7 500 aarei08% 33651000, rec epic [175 36300 5032595 3000000 Sova rr 3500 0845057, 21000050 [eres ir 750 [ovaries 10240000 icind 157 0200 13753514008 135000000 Sweden 147 31600 35055519 751250000 Denar 1a 17000 009827 $3900. Hew 28d as 7500 Tonsossz7 3055000 tata 1 Fr FCserIE 3000 Tay a8 11500 1392968851 SA760050 Gemany [ze P0300 1967295] 21060000 usa rr 15000 60651257, Ta0000 Wao 408 700 oUssési7 000, Hongo oar $500 2526859589 ‘soso Tan car 600 [2576599 3505099, Sosin os 1000 Sasa T1000. nether aa 3500 900930287, 357160003 Palo a5 4300 asesi7700 32200000 ned nga? —[aas 33600 ass 3044900. Ui 07 0 0684207 61250000 aan 239 70 5 1055968 385960000 sore O36 500 S 21009827 355400000 a 700 55709779. 000000 Tana 008 0 576116335 313550000 sa2m977 | SOW 1253010005 Taaooss2 | Sg yeaa | auasraTaA Brea, [asus | ge peeaay | 10707017 {Standard Seition istndard Devito)Appendix E Maths Internal Assessment Page 16 of 18 Table 5: A table to find the covariance of frearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally owned per 100,000 people below the Brandt Line [ eouniey Value) | Value (y (Guns | y= | @ DOW [GDH (Gelow Brandt Line}_| (Gun Deaths)_| Lepally Owned) 27 Honduras Ga 20 ‘sisirosvoe | soosie6s | some some 3502 TASS Sahador aut 5800, 27185703708 | -$429.62963 | ~isizss3937 | ~s601.977548, Sensi 33.74 e100) 2548703704 | -3179.42963 | -e2804.cis01 | -207047096 Swaziland 3736 5100) 73:90703708 | -4829.52963_| -1i5462 1344 A276 75385 ‘Guster 3538 13100) za.12703700 | 167037057 — | 25756.12885 1602.078697 Colombia 288 5800, 3a.88703708 | -$379.50963 | -79342 39369 2938 607378 Beal 7308 3000) 5777057037 | -3229.51963 | -18657 68999 651.0755 Pana 7s 2700 14347037037 | 1087037037 | 45515.08779, 1685. 743997 Uruguay, aor 51800) (0757037037 | 2057037087_| 1557253224 576.7604532 Meni aa? 15000) 21082962563 | 377037037 | -7453,501838 250.8719199 ‘Argenta 0.05 10200) 73.202962863 | -1029.62963 _| 3297 965569 321431692 Paraguay 316 17000, ~5.092960563 | 577037037 — | -79368 26258 =088.45493 icoragua 729 7700, -$.567969563 | -3529.62963 | 21087.05075, 779.5203985 Gost ica 28 3800, 76.977960863 | -1329.67963 | 9271.458162 343.3875305 ‘che 373 30700) -a.sz2962863 | -52915296706 | 5093.643547 6. 9016054 Pen 373 38800 ~a.s27062863 | 757037087 _[-72082.35665 | -2670.097285 Philippines 324 5700, 0,01296296- | -6579.62963 | €5340593960 2421516285 Barbados 3 7200, 710.25296206~|-3429,67963 | 35163. 85557 7302365391 yest 0 300. 72. 24296296 | -10520,62965 | 126465.273, 683 698909 pcs 096 36100) 1.29295296 | 2487037057 _| 3057305418 11373 3538 india 028, 2200) 727295706 | -7029.52963 _ | 89789.1985 3325 525885 Kwai 036 24800) 1299296206 | 1387037037 | -174962.2675 | -eaao.oaasa ‘astar 03s 19200) 1310296296 | 7970.37037 | -104435.4678 3867 980788 Zmbsbue 032 4600 1313205296 | -6520,67963 _| #7065.68038 3224581866 South Korea (006 100) 13 19296706 | -10120,62063 | 143638 4285 2949.523279 ‘verbal ‘006 [3500 wia.z1796296 | -7729.52963 | 10233131 areca? Hong Kong 0.08 o 1322295296 | 1122967963 | 148488.9767 5499,591729 YE leovariancal | 1791501372jppendix F Maths Internal Assessment Page 17 of 18 Table 6: A table to find the standard deviations of firearm-related deaths per 100,000 people and guns legally ‘owned per 100,000 people below the Brandt Line oun Vatoe 71 Value (y (Guns oH ow (setow andere) | (Gun Deaths) teyay ume) Tone aR 0 BTOSTO SATA Tsshador aa 3800 Treaa5125 2548067794 Tamia sa 100 OLS S7aese1 619 Svaciond 37 00 S7istehi9s prered Sutera 3536 [si00 SAaS5OM 56285327 Goorba Pra 3000 BaAS17I7 2EAOIS5.99 Srl Tao 00 3337015693 ToRROSO7S# Fara 75 2700 18896731 SOS620655.7 Teugo TOT 31600 S7st05075 aasLaOis7Z Mee i 5000 caaaeraa7os a1S69975 ‘esenira 10.05 30200 70.2ses7174 ioso1s7174 Farag 35 17000 BsseTTATE saaarirazt Nisroqua 723 770. 355560273 Pn Gora ie oH 300 aaanaD 767914957 Gite 37 T0700 3058662955 2805075446 Ferd — a7 1800 Sn5B6e2I59 S7aLOSU7SA Pigg 328 708 1002594273 aeons Sebadoe 3 T0 1051232695 arena Teeny ir 335 S017 soe7OTHaT Spr [ose 3510 1169584 eiaSsSEA ind hose: 200 363140500 SSHISESETE Rural 036, 800 366226194 “eesseos7 aster oa. 13200 7676384 esszeon8 a zenbabwe az 00 araaranase SBSH South Kore 306 7100 7a0502747 s0ne08596.4 ‘Aesrbaipn ao 350 1745823903 SSH ona 08 o Tasers i2siousa.6 tar 7575050163 [ 3— OF POTS qa x aor | raosseis_| Sy y= 27 | srz0s018 or ie Derar | womares® | YEG— yrea7: | SOL ease {Standord Deviation) {stander BevistionMaths Internal Assessment Page 18 of 18 Appendix ‘Screenshot of processing the above Brandt Line data set through Autograph to prove that the Correlation Coefficient is 0.3441. HARDEE Screenshot of processing the below Brandt Line data set through Autograph to prove that the Correlation Coefficient is -0.1158. Bees 22 RRR D9 Fe ns