Politics, Government and

Politics, Government and

Governance
Governance
Philippine Politics and Governance
 INTRODUCTION
Quarter/Week: First Quarter/Week 1
Duration
Demonstrate an understanding of politics and
Content political science, governance, political
Weeks 1-6
Standard: ideologies, power, states, nations, and
globalization
Performance Clearly identify a specific political phenomenon
Weeks 1-6
Standard: and how it can be studied
Learning *Explain the concept, relationship and
Competency and importance of politics, governance, and Week 1 (Now)
CG Code: government
Topic: Politics, Government and Governance Week 1 (Now)
INTRODUCTION

Meminisse: Politics matters, if do you not take an

interest and participate, others will!
(Roskin et. al., 2012)
 INTRODUCTION
• Meminisse (Latin) – “to remember”, similar to memory or memorize
• State – a country or countries with organized political community under one
government and a definite territory possessing of sovereignty
• Nation – a community connected by common cultural and/or historical
experience to the point they consider themselves as one people (ex. Jewish
nation)
• Nation-state- a State established by a nation (ex. Israel)

Grammar override: For the purposes of this subject, the word "State" will always be capitalized when referring
to sovereign states or nation-states as opposed to those states within a nation-state (ex. California, USA).
 POLITICS
DEVELOPMENT

• What is Politics?
• Politics, originally referring to “affairs or activities of
the cities”, could now be extended to activities or
“affairs of the States” or nation-states.
 POLITICS
DEVELOPMENT
• Politics in relation to government and
governance
• Because of the States, politics is always linked to
governments and the concept of governance.
 POLITICS
DEVELOPMENT
• Politics and international relations
• Politics is also linked to international relations and
foreign affairs precisely because it deals with the
“affairs of the States.”
 POLITICS
DEVELOPMENT
• Politics and power
• Finally, the concept of power or political power is
also relevant in politics (Week 4).
• Power (specifically sovereignty): A State cannot exist
without it.
 POLITICS
DEVELOPMENT
• What is Politics?
• Politics, originally referring to “affairs or activities of
the cities”, could now be extended to activities or
“affairs of the States” or nation-states.
 POLITICS
DEVELOPMENT
• What is political science?
• Political Science is the academic discipline that
studies politics.
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
DEVELOPMENT
• The father of political science
• Aristotle, the same person regarded as the Father of
Biology, is also considered as the Father of Political
Science (or politics).
• Another notable individual in the field is Niccolò
Machiavelli, considered as the second Father of
Political Science.
 DEVELOPMENT
• Approaches in studying politics
• As a political scientist, you could focus on studying
the arena or the venue of politics, or you could
study the process on how it happens.

APPROACHES TO STUDYING POLITICAL SSCIENCE

 DEVELOPMENT
• Approaches in studying politics
1. Arena approach – It is a narrow approach. You
focus your studies on the government, its
agencies, laws, and other mechanisms on
imposing its will; and how it results to desirable
or undesirable ends

APPROACHES TO STUDYING POLITICAL SSCIENCE

 DEVELOPMENT
• Approaches in studying politics
2. Process approach – It is a broader approach. You
focus your studies on the how politics happens
between the government and its people; and
how it results to good or bad governance

APPROACHES TO STUDYING POLITICAL SSCIENCE

 DEVELOPMENT
• Arena vs. process approach
With arena approach, you only consider the legal
and formal mechanisms of government as provided
by its laws, while in the process approach, you
consider mechanisms for change outside of the legal
framework such as community engagement, civil
rights movements, people power, revolution, and the
likes.
APPROACHES TO STUDYING POLITICAL SSCIENCE
 GOVERNMENT
DEVELOPMENT
• Government
• Government refers to the agency through which the
will of the State is formulated, expressed, and
carried out.
 GOVERNMENT
DEVELOPMENT
• The Government and the State
• It is through the government that the power of the
State is exercised.
• You, as a senior high student is part of the State but are
not part of the government.
• The president, the members of congress are part of the
government and the State.
 GOVERNMENT
DEVELOPMENT
• Government employees as part of the
government
• In a way, your public-school teachers are also part
of the government being government employees
(and of course, citizens of the State).
• There are various degrees in being part of the
government, some are given more power and
authority than the others.
 GOVERNMENT
DEVELOPMENT
• Governments outside the context of the State
• In a broader sense, governments may also be used
to refer to a person or a group who oversee a
certain organization or a fixed territory within the
boundaries of a state (ex. Supreme Student
Government, Provincial Government of Cavite).
 GOVERNANCE
DEVELOPMENT
• Governance
• A generic dictionary definition of governance refers to it as
the “process of governing,” therefore, governance could
include the legal system, the system and structure of
government, as well as various mechanisms of ensuring
citizen and civil society participation (Week 13 – 14)
 GOVERNANCE
DEVELOPMENT
• Governance
• You will hear the term governance used by national
governments, local governments and even corporations
(i.e. corporate governance)
 GOVERNANCE
DEVELOPMENT
• Governance
• According to the United Nations Economic and Social
Commission of Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) governance
is the process of decision-making and the process by
which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)
 GOVERNANCE
DEVELOPMENT
• Governance
• According to the United Nations Economic and Social
Commission of Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) governance
is the process of decision-making and the process by
which decisions are implemented (or not implemented)
 GOVERNANCE
DEVELOPMENT
• Governance
• Governance dictates that a government must have a
rational and well thought of plan on going to its day-to-
day activities, as well to be sufficiently ready in case of
unexpected occurrences
• To ensure good governance, governments must also
provide means of empowering us (citizens) in the
decision-making process whether to implement
something (or not)
 GOVERNANCE
DEVELOPMENT
• 8-Major Characteristics of Good Governance
(UNESCAP)
Participatory Responsive
Consensus oriented Effective and efficient
Accountable Equitable and inclusive
Transparent Follows the rule of law
Note: The topics about Civil Societies and Social Movements in the Philippines, as well as
the one on Active Citizenship (Week 14 & 15) will be able to illustrate these 8-major
characteristics of good governance at work.
 ENGAGEMENT
ACTIVITY 1-A: Identify a current event (important events that are happening in the
world) within the two months and fill out the following table:
Political Agent of Level of
Phenomenon Media Source Why is it political? government government
Describe the current Identify your source (be Choose all factors that Which agent of At what level government
event more specific, don't may apply and explain government is directly is the chosen event
simply answer 'google' or your answer: involved in the event relevant? (Local/National)
'facebook') A. It involves our chosen?
Government
B. It is about our
relationship with other
States
C. It involves power
relations

NOTE: THIS WILL BE RECORDED AS A PERFORMANCE TASK

 ENGAGEMENT
The following shall be used as rubric (criteria) for grading Activity 1-A
Political Phenomenon Media Source Why is it political? Agent of government Level of government
The current event indicated The media source included the name The student has selected at least two The student correctly indicated an The student correctly indicated the
happened within 2-months from this of the article or page it was sourced, factors and provided concise and ‘agent of government’ and provided ‘level of government’ and provided
activity. when it was written, as well its well reasoned explanation for each. concise and well-reasoned concise and well-reasoned
author/s. explanation for each. explanation for each.
(5 points)
(5 points) (5 points) (5 points) (5 points)
The student has selected at least
one factor and provided concise
and well reasoned explanation for
each.
(4 points)
The current event indicated The media source included lacks The student at least one factor but The student correctly indicated an The student correctly indicated
happened more than 2-months two (2) of the following: name of the explanation was either not ‘agent of government’ but the the ‘level of government’ but the
from this activity. the article or page it was sourced, clear or well reasoned. explanation given were not explanation given were not
when it was written, as well its concise and/or well-reasoned. concise and/or well-reasoned.
author/s.
(3 points) (3 points) (3 points) (3 points) (3 points)
It is not clear whether this item/s It is not clear whether this item/s The student provided at least one The student provided an answer, The student provided an answer,
indicated could be classified as indicated could be classified as factor, but no explanation was but no explanation were provided but no explanation were provided
‘current event’. ‘source’. provided. and/or the answer provided does and/or the answer provided does
correctly refer to an agent of the correctly refer the appropriate
government. level of the government in relation
(1 point) (1 point) (1 point) (1 point) to the event indicated.
(1 point)
NOTE: THIS WILL BE RECORDED AS A PERFORMANCE TASK
 ENGAGEMENT
Activity 1-B: Answer each question in not more than three sentences (3 points each).
Question Answer
How is government and the state related
to the state?

How is the State related to politics?

How does the government enable

governance?
Marking Guide
• The student provided a concise answer that correctly relates one concept to another and/or provided a well-reasoned explanation using the development materials provided and/or
appropriate alternative reference materials. (3 points)
• The student discussed the key concepts indicated in each concepts with and provided some attempts at making a comparisons and/or providing well-reasoned explanation as supposed to be
required by the question. (2 points)
• The student attempted to discuss the key concepts indicated in each question back seems to lack an effort to use the development materials provided and/or appropriate alternative reference
materials thereby providing answers that are not exactly on point to the objectives of the lesson. (2 points)
NOTE: THIS WILL BE RECORDED AS A WRITTEN WORK
 ENGAGEMENT
Activity 1-C (Optional – Bonus 5-points)
Write an essay comparing the two fathers of political science. How are
the two similar and how are they different from one another. From the
current event that you have chosen in Activity 1-A try to determine
how they would study such political phenomena based on what you
know or have researched about their life and works.

Activity 1-D (Optional – Bonus 5-points)

Would you consider Jose Rizal as political scientist? Justify your answer
based on what you know or have researched about his life and works.

POINTS WILL BE ADDED TO THIS LESSON’S PERFOMANCE TASK

 Name: __________________ Section:____
Subject:____ Week: _____ Lesson Reflection
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ENGAGEMENT
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[Optional Activities]

Activity 1-B (Written Work)

Question Answer

FRONT BACK
 ASSIMILATION
Lesson Reflection. Write your personal insights about the
lesson using the prompts below:
I learned that_____________________________________.

I realized that______________________________________.

NOTE: THIS WILL BE RECORDED AS A WRITTEN WORK

 ASSIMILATION
By this time, you are now equipped with the most essential concepts in
politics, government, and governance. You have seen how politics and
government are connected to one another through the state and the
state through politics. By going through the discussion on government
and governance, you may have noticed how governance enables
governments to become better. Connecting all of these is the political
scientist who studies political phenomena using either the arena or the
process approach.