P2-F CLP - Students

P2-F Fall 2022
Compulsory Listening Pack
ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
2022-2023 FALL TERM

COMPULSORY LISTENING PACK
STUDENT’S COPY
P2-F
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P2-F Fall 2022
TABLE of CONTENTS
WEEK 4 PRACTICE FOR NUMERICAL INFORMATION ..................................................................... 3
WEEK 5 LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING SKILLS & STRATEGIES - WOMEN IN SCIENCE..12
WEEK 6 FURTHER STRATEGIES FOR NOTE-TAKING - CROSSWORD PUZZLE .................... 15
WEEK 7 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - ANCIENT ROBOTS .................................................................... 19
WEEK 8 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - FIRST SPACE EXPLORATIONS ........................................ 20
WEEK 9 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - TECHNOLOGY AND US ............................................................ 23
WEEK 10 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE ........................................................................................................ ...
WHY DO THE BRITISH TALK ABOUT THE WEATHER SO MUCH? ............................................. 27
WEEK 11 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ............................................. 31
WEEK 12 NOTE TAKING PRACTICE - LAUGHTER THERAPY ........................................................... 36
WEEK 13 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - CHESS ......................................................................................... 40
WEEK 14 NOTE TAKING PRACTICE - OSMAN HAMDI BEY ............................................................. 43
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P2-F Fall 2022
WEEK 4 PRACTICE FOR NUMERICAL INFORMATION
Warm-up Work your mathematical skills and try to read the numbers below.
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Exercise 1: You will hear ten numbers. Write the numbers that you hear.
1. …………… 6. ……………
2. …………… 7.…………….
3. …………… 8. ……………
4. …………… 9. ……………
5. …………… 10. …………..
Exercise 2: You will hear six numbers. Write the numbers that you hear.
1. …………………… 4. …………………
2. …………………… 5. …………………
3. …………………... 6. …………………
Exercise 3: You will hear ten years. Write the years that you hear.
1. ………………. 6.…………….
2. ………………. 7. …………….
3..………………. 8. …………….
4. ……………… 9. …………….
5..……………… 10. ……………
Exercise 4: You will hear ten numbers. First, say all of the numbers out loud. Then, listen and circle
the numbers that you hear.
1. 102 120 1,002
2. 115 150 1,050
3. 1,020 1,200 1,002
4. 1,252 1,250 1,025
5. 3,560 3,516 3,056
6. 53,000 50,300 503,000
7. 45,000,000 4,000,500 4,500,000
8. 1,213,000 1,000,213,000 1,213,000,000
9. 5,000,000 50,000,000 5,000,000,000
10. 8,500,000 85,000,000 85,000,000,000
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1. …………… 6. ……………
2. …………… 7.……………
3. …………… 8. ……………
4. …………… 9. ……………
5. …………… 10. …………..
Reading Fractions in English
Exercise 6: You will hear ten numbers. First say all of the numbers out loud. Then, listen and circle the
numbers that you hear.
1. 45 4 4.5
2. 208 2 2.8
3. 25 2 2.5
4. 30 1 1.3
5.
1 106 1
16 1.6
6
6. 304 3 3.4
7. 78 7 7.8
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8. 23 2 2.3
3 1
9. 35 35 3.5
5
2 1
10. 206 2 2.6
6 6
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1.…………………. 6.………………….
2.…………………. 7.………………….
3.…………………. 8.………………….
4.…………………. 9.………………….
5.…………………. 10.…………………
Exercise 8: You will hear five ratios or proportions. Write the numbers that you hear.
Notice the following ways to talk about ratios or proportions.

2 per 10 = two in ten = two out of ten = O O X X X X X X X X
5:1 = five to one = O O O O O X
1. In 2007, nearly …………………………… Americans listed reading as one of their favourite leisure
activities.
2. In the same study, …………………………… Americans listed TV watching
3. And in the same study, people preferred computer activities to bicycling
4. …………………………… In 2008, worldwide, nearly …………………………… city dwellers lived in
cities with population of 1 million or fewer.
5. The number of infant deaths in Ethiopia in 2007 was …………………………… births.
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P2-F Fall 2022
Exercise 9: Listen to the statements containing numbers. Write the numbers that you hear.
1. Michelangelo was born in .

2. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, English author (Frankenstein), was born in and
died in
3. One cup of raisins = calories.
4. grams of yoghurt from partially skimmed milk = calories.
5. In %of immigrants to the United States were from Asia.
6. The Missouri River is miles long.
7. Mount Everest is feet high.
8. The total surface area of Antarctica is square miles in summer,
the size of Australia.
9. India’s population is projected to be _____ billion by .
10. Tokyo’s projected population in is million.

11. A tsunami occurred in Aceh, Indonesia, on .
12. The tsunami was caused by an underwater earthquake measuring on the Richter
Scale, resulting in deaths.
13. In a survey taken in asking people about problems in their country, nearly
people in India said “pollution.”
14. In the year oil consumption varied: China consumed a little less than
of U.S. consumption; Brazil consumed about the amount that the United States did.
15. Length of board= feet; width= inches;
depth= inches
16. One pound= grams
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P2-F Fall 2022
WEEK 5 LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING SKILLS & STRATEGIES
Some tips for taking better notes:
✓ Listen actively!
✓ Look through the headings and sub-headings.
✓ Do not note down everything!
✓ Listen for cues and note down the key information.
✓ Write phrases, not full sentences.
✓ Use symbols and abbreviations.
✓ Keep going if you fall behind or miss something.
SKILL STRATEGY
Recognize expressions that signal the main idea of the lecture

✓ Today’s lecture is about …………
✓ I’m going to talk about …………
1. Listening for topic or ✓ Our topic today is ………….
main idea ✓ Today I would like to inform you about …………
✓ In this lecture, I will focus on …………
✓ First, we will look at ….…. and then we will focus on ……….
✓ Today’s lecture will be divided into two parts: …………
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Recognize text language that signals a transition

Expressions that signal a new idea
✓ First, …………
✓ I will begin my lecture with …………
✓ Let me start with ……….
✓ Now, let’s have a look at ……….
✓ But first, we’re going to talk about ………
Expressions that signal a move from one idea to another
✓ Next, ………
✓ Moreover, ………
✓ Also, ………
✓ Let’s move on to ………
Recognize text language that signals a definition
✓ Let me define X ………
✓ The definition of X is ………
✓ That is, ………
✓ In other words, ………
✓ By X, I mean …….
2. Listening for details Recognize text language that signals important information
✓ It’s important to note that ……
✓ I want to point out ………
✓ Let me repeat that ………
✓ I’ll say that again.
Recognize text language that signals an example
✓ For example, / For instance, / To illustrate, …….
✓ ………. such as ……….
✓ An example of this is ………
✓ One example would be ………
✓ Let me give you an example ………
Recognize text language that signals listing ideas
✓ First of all, ………
✓ After that / then, ………
✓ Secondly, / finally ………
✓ Three advantages of ………
✓ There are four types of ………
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Recognize text language that signals a cause-effect

relationship
✓ ……… because / as / since ………
✓ ……… affects / results in ………
✓ For this reason, ………
✓ X is the result of Y.
2. Listening for details Recognize text language that signals an opposite idea
✓ On the other hand, ………
✓ However, ………
✓ …...…., but …….
✓ In contrast, ………
✓ ……… while / whereas ………
WATCH OUT!
In a lecture, speakers use a variety of cues to let you know when they are about to focus on a key word.
They may give any of the following cues:
• Pause
• Slow down
• Speak more loudly
• Repeat the key word
• Spell the key word
e.g. A phobia – that’s p-h-o-b-i-a is an extreme fear.
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PRACTICE - WOMEN IN SCIENCE
face (v.) confront, deal with
encourage (v.) to give someone confidence or hope to do something
evaluate (v.) to consider or study something carefully and decide how good or bad it is
to be interested (adj.) to be into something
attitude (n.) how you think or feel about something and how this makes you behave
colleague (n.) Coworker
issue (n.) an important subject or problem that people are discussing
take time out (v.) to stop doing what one is doing in order to do something else for a while
compete (v.) to take part in a race or competition
confidence (n.) a feeling of being certain of your ability to do things well
Instructions: Complete these sentences using the correct forms of the words in the chart.
1. His training has given him the to deal with any problem that arises. He believes in himself, and never
gives up even under extreme hardship.
2. My parents always me to try new things. I believe that they shaped my adventurous character.
3. She has great influence over her _________________. Everyone in the office respects her and values her opinions.
4. She's going to___________________ for a place in next year's Olympics. She has already started training for it.
5. He has a very bad towards his workplace. He hates going to the office every day, and he does not
get along with any of his workmates.
6. The government should assign some engineers to ___________________ the risky buildings before a disastrous
earthquake. Groups of engineers should visit buildings one by one to determine if they are strong enough.
7. She needed to from her career to raise her children as she wanted to spend all her time with her
family, not on work problems.
8. The Third World Countries have severe economic that need to be solved.
9. The listeners were all greatly in the lecture. They were completely focused.
10. The teacher invited him into her office and him with the evidence of cheating. He had nothing to
do but admit that he actually cheated in the test.
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NOTE-TAKING
Listen to the lecture and take some notes following the guiding information.
SIGNALS FROM THE LECTURE WHAT TO NOTE DOWN

The first problem is… what happens in …
In the UK, schools…
Boys want to know…
Women are more interested in…
The next problem is…
Early in my career… …. in my lab in Oxford.
When I went to France…
about …. % of the people working there were …
Another problem for women in science…
In the lab in Paris, … … having children … for a woman's career
But in Britain, … If a woman takes time out to have a child, things…
If she wants to return to work after having children, it's …
The last problem I’m going to mention today…
Women scientists have to… …. in their….
They also have to…

…. to apply… and to ….
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QUESTIONS
Answer the following questions according to the notes you have taken.
1. Schools do not give enough chance to girls to study science. T F
2. Boys are more interested in facts / good and bad.
3. Male attitudes towards women in science is a problem. T F
4. The speaker didn’t have a problem in her workplace in Paris because about half of the people working there
were good. T F
5. Having children is also a problem for women scientists in Britain. T F
6. Women scientists do not need to have confidence in their abilities. T F
7. Confidence is necessary for women scientists in job interviews. T F
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P2-F Fall 2022
WEEK 6 FURTHER STRATEGIES FOR NOTE-TAKING

Symbols and Abbreviations
Symbols and abbreviations are useful for note-taking because this helps you keep up with the lecturer. However, make
sure all your symbols and abbreviations are clear and easy to understand. The chart below has some common symbols
and abbreviations.
& and
= is / are / equals
≠ is not the same as
# number
> more than / greater than
< less than / smaller than
Symbols ~ approximately
£ pound
? not sure
! important
↓ decrease, fall
↑ increase, rise
→ cause, lead to, result in
← is caused by, result from
ad advertisement
ex. for example
Ss students
Abbreviations lang. language
bc. because
k thousand
w/o with / without
dif / difference / similarity
sim
comm. Communication
or Commercial
People also use symbols and abbreviations frequently while texting. Do you have any examples?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
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P2-F Fall 2022
PRACTICE - CROSSWORD PUZZLE
a game in which you write words which are the answers to questions in a pattern of
crossword (n.)
black and white squares
clue (n.) a sign or a piece of information that helps you to solve a problem or answer a question
to be based on (adj.) If you base something on facts or ideas, you use those facts or ideas to develop it.
publish (v.) to prepare and print a book, newspaper, magazine, article, etc. so that people can buy it
instant (adj.) happening immediately
success (n.) achievement
benefit (n.) something that helps you or gives you an advantage
force (v.) to cause (a person) to give in to pressure
old-fashioned (adj.) not modern
Instructions: Complete these sentences using the correct form of the words in the chart.
1. The public reaction wasn’t enough to the mayor to resign. However, when his trial ended, he had no
chance to continue his duties, and he had to hand in his resignation.
2. Her is due to hard work and determination. Nobody can achieve so much without a lot of effort and
sacrifice.
3. Cambridge University Press will my professor’s book. You can find it in major book stores all
around the country in less than a month.
4. I have always hated clothes or furniture which remind me of old days.
5. Her latest TV serial is a true story.
6. Police are searching the area for a/an to the murder. Even the tiniest object such as a strand of hair or
a foot print can help the detectives find the killer.
7. Oprah’s book was a/an success in the US. In only 12 hours, it sold more than 500,000 copies.
8. She gets really bored on flights, so she always does the NY Times on the plane. It is a way for her
to train her brain and also have fun.
9. As a grown-up, I've had the of a happy childhood. I had a happy family with no financial problems,
and I believe that this positive background led to my success in life.
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P2-F Fall 2022
NOTE-TAKING
Listen to the lecture and take some notes following the guiding information.
SIGNALS FROM THE LECTURE WHAT TO NOTE DOWN

I write…
Alex Vargas is a…
I’m going to introduce you…
But first, we’re going to talk about… It is that grid with little …. and … squares
and a list of….
The modern crossword puzzle… …based on…
These were squares with words reading … and …
In 1890, … an … named …. published…
It was a word square with … words, … across and … down and

However, the crossword, as we know it
today… … to help the solver.
He published a puzzle that he called … in ….

In 1913, …
This original crossword was in the shape of a …
with no ….
More people were using … and ….

Wynne’s crossword… for crossword puzzles than for research.
In recent years, …
Some medical experts believe that….

There are many benefits to doing
crosswords…
Now, about my game…
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QUESTIONS
A. Read the statements. Write T (true) or F (false). Then, correct the false statements.
1. The focus of this part of Alex Vargas’ speech is his new word game.
2. Crosswords and similar word puzzles have a long history.
3. Crossword puzzles were very popular in the early 1900s.
4. The only reason to do a crossword is that it is fun.
5. Alex Vargas’ new game is a modern version of the crossword puzzle.
B. Read the questions. Circle the correct answers by looking at your notes.
1. What is Alex Vargas’ job?
A. He writes stories for newspapers.
B. He writes books about the history of games.
C. He writes word games for newspapers.
2. When did Giuseppe Airoldi invent his small crossword puzzle?

A. 1913 B.1890 C.1819
3. What did Arthur Wynne call his first puzzle?

A. Word Square B. Word-Cross C. Cross-Word
4. What was Arthur Wynne’s profession?

A. journalist B. librarian C. publisher
5. How was Wynne’s first puzzle different from his later crossword puzzles?
A. It had no black squares.
B. It was in the shape of a square.
C. It did not have any clues.
6. What were crossword puzzle fans using at the New York Public Library?
A. newspapers B. magazines C. dictionaries
7. Why do people say that crossword puzzles are more than fun and games?
A. They make our bodies healthier.
B. They are very difficult to solve.
C. They make our brains more active.
8. What is the other benefit of doing crossword puzzles?

A. You talk about new ideas. B. You learn a lot of new things C. You help others to find answers.
9. What is the name of Alex Vargas’ new game?

A. Cross Purposes B. Social Crossword C. Word-Cros
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WEEK 7 NOTE TAKING PRACTICE

ANCIENT ROBOTS
Student notes – individual work
Student notes – pair work
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FIRST SPACE EXPLORATIONS
discovery (n.) an occasion when someone discovers something
mission (n.) an important job, usually travelling somewhere
launch (v.) to send a spacecraft or bomb into the sky, or a ship into the water
artificial (adj.) not natural, but made by people
transmitter (n.) an apparatus for transmitting radio or television signals

exploration (n.) the act or an instance of exploring
measure (v.) to find the size, weight, amount, or speed of something
detector (n.) a piece of equipment used to discover something, especially something that is
difficult to see, hear, smell, etc.
belt (n.) an area of a particular type of land, or an area where a particular group of people live
gather (v.) to collect several things together, often from different places or people
1. People in fishing boats that sail far away from the main land communicate with the coast guard by using
a radio ______________.
2. Her in life was to help the poor. That was her main goal, and she achieved so much
during her lifetime.
3. This product contains no colors. Only natural substances are used.
4. Scientists have made an important about genetics recently. Every single day there
is something new that we learn about life and living things on our planet.
5. Before entering the hospital, I pass through a metal and guards search my bag.
6. They interviewed 1,000 people to data on TV viewing habits.
7. She has always loved travel and ________________. Visiting a new place gives her so much joy.
8. The asteroid is a torus-shaped region in the solar system, located roughly between
the orbits of the planets Jupiter and Mars.
9. SpaceX successfully the probe and started the next mission.
10. I am not sure if this sofa can fit into my living room. I need to go home and ____________ the walls to
find out.
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SIGNALS FROM THE LECTURE WHAT TO NOTE

DOWN
Today, we are going to take a closer look…
Introduction
In other words,
Let’s start with ............................... /

Its first space exploration started…
What does the name Sputnik mean? ......

Sputnik
Of course, ..............
Its mission
However, ………………
Finally, ….
but it had a big effect on the world……

Sputnik &
USA Space Also, ….
Exploration
After the Soviet Union
Its mission was to ...................

Explorer 1
..........led to the ...................

In the end, …….
After ................
The goal of ..................
However, .................
Pioneer 1&2
Then, ...............
For example, ……
As you can see, ...................
Conclusion
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QUESTIONS
Part A: Use your notes to decide if the statements below are T (true) or F (false) according to the lecture
on “First Space Explorations”. Change the false statements to make them true.
1. Sputnik was heavier than Explorer 1.

2. Not all pioneer missions were successful.
3. NASA began on October 1, 1948.
4. The radiation belt around our planet is 35,000 miles in length.
5. The lecturer believes that the launch of Explorer 1 had a domino effect.
Part B: Answer the questions using your notes from the lecture.
1. The main point of the lecture is that .

A) space explorations must have different missions
B) space explorations are very expensive in the US
C) the Explorer 1 and Pioneer missions were unsuccessful
D) Sputnik had a great effect especially on space explorations in the USA
2. Sputnik was the name of the first .

A) spaceship to the moon
B) satellite in space
C) mission to Mars
D) Russian astronaut
3. Sputnik carried .
A) a thermometer and two radio transmitters
B) a cosmic ray detector and a thermometer
C) a cosmic ray detector and two transmitters
D) a radioactive bomb and a thermometer
4. The lecturer mentions that the launch of Sputnik .

A) made the US happy
B) caused protests in the US
C) shocked the US
D) was dangerous
5. The mission of was to measure the radiation around the earth.

A) Sputnik B) Explorer 1 C) Pioneer 1 D) Pioneer 3
6. The first spacecraft which visited Jupiter and Saturn were .

A) Pioneer 1 and 2 B) Pioneer 2 and 3 C) Pioneer 3 and 4 D) Pioneer 10 and 11
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P2-F Fall 2022
WEEK 9 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE

TECHNOLOGY AND US
Discuss the following questions in pairs.

1. What modern technological devices are most common in Turkey?
2. Do you think modern technology is useful?
3. Do you think people rely too much on technology?
4. What are the disadvantages of technology?
5. Do you think using cell phones too much is bad for your physical or mental health? Why?
item (n.) a single thing, especially one thing in a list, group, or set of things
distance (n.) the amount of space between two places or things
threaten (v.) to say that you will cause trouble, hurt somebody, etc. if you do not get what you want
prevent (v.) to stop somebody from doing something; to stop something from happening
repair (v.) to fix something that is damaged, broken, split, or not working properly
approximately (adv.) close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time
properly (adv.) correctly, or in a way that is considered right
send out (v.) to produce something, such as light, a signal, sound, etc.
decrease (v.) to become smaller in size, number, etc.
unnecessary (adj.) not needed or wanted, or more than is needed or wanted
1. It is important to consider ______________ from public transport when buying a house. For instance, a flat close to
the metro station can save you so much time every day when you are going to work.
2. His disability ______________ him from driving. Unfortunately, he cannot get a driver’s license in his condition.
3. The price of many basic food ______________ continues to rise. Especially the prices of oil, dairy products, and
toilet paper more than doubled in the last 5 months.
4. The human body has an amazing capacity to ______________ itself. Even a broken bone heals in less than 40 days,
which is amazing.
5. We need to fix the security system in our building, and it is going to cost us ____________ 500 dollars.
6. The television isn't working ______________. We need to buy a new one.
7. The sun ____________ light and heat.
8. The number of new students ____________ from 210 to 160 this year.
9. I thought a lot of the violence in the movie was totally ______________. The movie would be much better without
these scenes.
10. The criminals ____________ the shopkeeper with a gun, so he gave them all the money in the cash register to save
himself.
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P2-F Fall 2022
NOTE-TAKING GUIDE
Take notes using the headings below while listening to the lecture on “Technology and Us.” You will hear
the lecture two times.
Introduction
Telecommunication in earlier times
Base stations
• John Powers
• Free minutes
Laptops and modems
Hair dryers
Lecturer’s personal opinion
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QUESTIONS
Part A: Use your notes to decide if the statements below are T (true) or F (false), according to the lecture on
“Technology and Us”. Change the false statements to make them true.
1. Laptops are more dangerous than base stations.
2. One way of decreasing the harmful effects of wireless modems is to place a cactus in the room.
3. The lecturer informs us that it is not a good idea to use a laptop after 7 pm.
4. Too much radiation increases the production of melatonin hormone in the brain.
5. We shouldn’t use a hairdryer for more than eight minutes.
6. We should hold a hair dryer 20 to 25 centimeters away from our head.
1. The main point of the lecture is that .

A. every person has a right to benefit from technology
B. old technology was safer than new technology
C. there are several negative effects of technology on people
2. The lecturer mentions that in earlier times, people communicated from faraway places by .
A. sending letters
B. using signal flags
C. flying birds
3. John Powers is against .

A. free minutes
B. base stations
C. cell phones
4. The lecturer thinks we need more education about new technology because most people .
A. have difficulty using it
B. are afraid to use it
C. think it is all safe
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Identifying Rhetorical Cues
Lecturers use rhetorical cues to help the note-taker follow the organization of the lecture.
A rhetorical cue is a word, phrase, or a sentence and can be used to:
a. introduce the main idea of the lecture

b. signal a transition (introduce a new idea or signal a move from one idea to another)
c. signal a definition
d. signal that important information is coming
e. repeat the idea
f. reformulate the idea
g. exemplify the idea
h. list ideas
i. show a cause-effect relationship
j. introduce an opposite idea
k. summarize the main points
Exercise 1. Put the following phrases taken from the tapescript into the categories that were stated above.
You won’t need some of them or may use some more than once. An example has been done for you.
Today I want to talk about the harmful effects of …
Now I will inform you about the dangers of especially four

items…
For example, John Powers, a scientist at Oxford University, e.g. (exemplify the idea)
says that…
Now, I’d like to talk about the harmful effects of laptops…
Finally, another harmful electronic machine…
Also, wireless modems that we use in our homes
…we might have health problems such as a migraine.
What are the base stations? They are…
It is best not to use a hairdryer after 7 pm because it is at that

time…
According to scientists, these base stations threaten people’s

health, but some experts disagree with…
Exercise 2. Vocabulary Work
An adverb is a word used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Look at the text above again and find the adverbs
which mean the following:
a. really, or completely: ______________________

b. more or less than a number or amount: ______________________
c. possibly true in the future, but not true now: ______________________
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P2-F Fall 2022

WHY DO THE BRITISH TALK ABOUT THE WEATHER SO MUCH?
Discuss the following questions in pairs.

1. Do you feel different because of weather?
How do different types of weather affect your
emotions?
2. Is the weather a good topic for small talk in
your culture? If not, what topics do you
prefer?
3. Do you know any interesting myths or stories
about weather?
In English, the expression ‘it’s raining cats
and dogs’ means it is raining very heavily.
Try to imagine the origin of this strange
expression and share your ideas.
refuge (n.) shelter or protection from danger, trouble, etc.

conduct (v.) to organize and/or do a particular activity
variability (n.) the fact that something changes often or is not always the same
resident (n.) a person who lives in a particular place or who has their home there
unpredictable (adj.) changing a lot so it is impossible to know what will happen
overcome (v.) to succeed in dealing with or controlling a problem
evolve (v.) to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop
something in this way
ignore (v.) to intentionally not listen or give attention to
rage (n.) a strong feeling of uncontrollable anger
1. Fish _________ from prehistoric sea creatures, and fossils show the connection between these species.
2. There is always a degree of _____________ in the exchange rate.
3. We are ___________ a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. We plan to
use the result of our survey to improve the public transportation in our city.
4. The local _____________are angry at the lack of parking spaces. Naturally, they are annoyed that they
cannot park their cars close to their homes and have to look for a place to park their cars every day.
5. My brother finally managed to _____________ his fear of flying, and he took his first flight to visit our
grandparents in Chicago.
6. The man ____________ all the ‘No Smoking’ signs and lit up a cigarette.
7. I was frightened because I had never seen him in such a/an _____________ before. He was blinded by his
anger and he was yelling at everyone around him.
8. Residents took _____________ in their basements during the tornado; they had to stay underground until
the danger passed.
9. The weather there can be _____________ - one minute it's blue skies and the next minute it's pouring rain.
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P2-F Fall 2022
NOTE-TAKING GUIDE
Take notes using the headings below while listening to the lecture on “Why Do the British Talk About the
Weather So Much?”. You will hear the lecture two times.
Introduction
Oscar Wilde
Kate Fox
According to Kate’s research
Britain’s geography
The hottest-ever November day
Social purposes
Weather talk is a kind of code
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Derek Bousfield
A Positive Face A Negative Face
Bus Example:
In a positive face culture In a negative face culture
Countries that give importance to a positive face
Other examples of negative face cultures
In Finland
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QUESTIONS
Use your notes to answer the questions.
1. According to Oscar Wilde, the people who love weather talk are .
A) quite friendly people who are outgoing and sociable
B) lonely people who have few friends in their social environment
C) shy people who have difficulty talking to strangers
D) uncreative people who have difficulty finding a topic to talk about
2. According to Kate Fox’s research, of British participants have talked about the weather in the past
six hours.
A) 38% B) 94% C) 60% D) 30%
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about Britain’s weather?

A) There is a lot of water in the atmosphere. B) It is affected by the Gulf Stream.
C) It is mild and unpredictable. D) There are snow storms in winter in some parts.
4. The hottest November day was recorded in , with a temperature of degrees

Celsius.
A) Scotland / 22.4 B) Scotland / 25.4 C) south-Wales / 25.4 D) mid-Wales / 22.4
5. According to Kate Fox, weather talk is a kind of code .

A) that enables us to connect with others
B) that enables us to get to know our enemies and fight with them
C) that enables us to interact with the people who are shy
D) that shy people use because they don’t want to talk with the people around them
6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the purposes of weather talk?
A) It is used to overcome shyness. B) It is used to test other people’s moods.
C) It is used to change an uncomfortable topic. D) It is used to complain about an unpleasant thing
7. According to the lecture, a positive face means the desire to while a negative face means
the desire to .
A) be left alone / build connections with other people
B) build connections with other people / be left alone
C) talk about positive topics / talk about negative things
D) help other people / avoid other people
8. One country that is an example of a positive face is .

A) the United States B) Britain C) Switzerland D) Japan
9. In a negative face culture, when you see someone you know on the bus, you .
A) go near the person and ask about his/her health
B) respect his/her personal space and avoid an unwanted conversation
C) sit next to him/her and avoid talking about negative things
D) invite him/her to sit next to you but do not talk very much
10. In Finland, you can connect with people just by .

A) talking about the weather
B) asking them about their jobs
C) sitting and drinking with them
D) asking about their age
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P2-F Fall 2022

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Discuss the following questions with your partner.

1. What do you know about alternative medicine?
Why is alternative medicine called
"alternative"?
2. What are the types of alternative medicine that
are available? Is it only herbs? What types of
energy-based alternative medicines are there?
3. Do most people you know prefer traditional
medicine, alternative medicine, or a
combination of the two? Which one do you
prefer?
4. Have you tried any alternative medicines?
What was the result?
treatment (n.) the process of providing medical care
conventional (adj.) traditional and ordinary
to take the place of something, or to put something or someone in the place of
replace (v.)
something or someone else
complementary (adj.) combining well together or looking attractive together, often because they have
different qualities
substance (n.) material with particular physical characteristics
remedy (n.) a medicine to cure an illness or pain that is not very serious
improve (v.) to make something better
symptom (n.) a change in your body or mind that shows that you are not healthy
characteristic (n.) a typical feature or quality that something/somebody has
1. The factory _____________ most of its workers with robots; thus, many of the workers had to look for jobs in other
places.
2. My family and my job both play an important part in my life, fulfilling separate but _____________ needs.
3. There have been great advances in the _____________ of cancer. It is great that so many cancer patients can
actually survive this illness with the help of modern medicine.
4. You can cook the meat either in a microwave or in a/an _____________ oven.
5. My brother doesn’t want to take his medicine. Instead, he prefers to take an herbal _____________ for his flu.
6. Her health has _____________ dramatically since she started on this new diet. She says that she feels better
than she has ever felt all her life.
7. Common _____________ of diabetes are weight loss and fatigue.
8. In the future parents may be able to choose their children’s physical ________________.
9. The leaves were covered with a strange sticky _____________.
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NOTE-TAKING GUIDE
Take notes using the headings below while listening to the lecture on “Alternative Medicine.” You will hear
Key Vocabulary:
Sesame means susam in Turkish.
Sesame is pronounced as “sesami” in Turkish.
Introduction
• Alternative Medicine:
• Conventional Medicine:
Complementary Medicine:
Ayurveda:
Homeopathy:
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Statistics:
• Speaker’s opinion:
• acute illnesses:
• chronic illnesses:
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QUESTIONS
Part A: Use your notes. Look at the headings and mark the statements following the headings T (true) or F (false),
based on the lecture. CORRECT THE FALSE STATEMENTS.
Alternative medicine
It is a similar form of treatment to conventional medicine. T( ) F( )
It is more expensive than conventional medicine in the speaker’s opinion. T ( ) F()
Ayurveda
It is China’s traditional medicine. T( ) F( )
It is a Sanskrit word which means the “science of life”. T( ) F( )
It was used by rich people only. T( ) F( )
Homeopathic drugs
They are used to cure both acute and chronic illnesses. T( ) F( )
They were improved by a German doctor in the 1810s. T( ) F( )
They are addictive. T( ) F()
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Part B: Use your notes. Complete the sentences based on the lecture.
1. The lecturer mentions that is used in many Chinese hospitals during operations to reduce pain.
A) acupuncture B) sesame oil C) aspirin
2. If a doctor uses natural oils in the treatment of cancer in addition to usual drugs, he benefits from
.
A) complementary medicine B) homeopathy C) ayurveda
3. Hippocrates, who lived in the century B.C., is the father of .

A) 6 / ayurveda B) 5 / acupuncture C) 4 / homeopathy
4. Ayurveda especially focuses on .

A) the effects of food on physical health
B) the balance between the mind and the body
C) the effects of lifestyle on psychological health
5. The therapy which benefits from poisonous substances is .

A) conventional medicine B) ayurveda C) homeopathy
6. The lecturer mentions that acute illnesses .

A) last for a long time B) don’t last long C) are toxic
7. Homeopathic drugs are made from .

A) silver and arsenic B) gold and silver C) bee stings and gold
Part C: Complete the gaps with numbers using your lecture notes.
1. Over ____________ = the number of homeopathic drugs in the world

2. _____________ patients = the number / ratio of patients who used alternative medicine in 2010
3. more than ___________ dollars = the amount of money Americans spent on alternative medicine in 2009
4. more than ___________= how many years ayurveda has been practised for
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P2-F Fall 2022

LAUGHTER THERAPY
heal (v.) If a wound or broken bone heals, it becomes healthy again, and if something
heals it, it makes it healthy again.
attitude (n.) how you think or feel about something and how this makes you behave
suffer (v.) to experience pain or unpleasant emotions
disappear (v.) to become impossible to see, to stop existing
boost (n.) something that makes you feel more confident and happier, or that helps
something increase or improve
cope (v.) to deal quite successfully with a difficult situation
1. Increased tourism was a major _________ to the local economy. The industry created 30% of employment in the area,
according to a new OECD report.
2. How do you ________ with stress, by using guided meditation, practicing deep breathing, maintaining physical exercise
or connecting with others?
3. He has a very bad _______ to/towards young people. For instance, he is quite bossy and egotistical around them.
4. The wound on his head began to _______, and he was finally relieved.
5. These meadows of flowers ________ from our countryside. They also become extinct in Wales.
6. Most people can't bear to see animals __________. That is why there is an ever-increasing number of vegans.
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NOTE-TAKING GUIDE
Take notes using the headings below while listening to the lecture called “Laughter Therapy”. You will hear
INTRODUCTION
NORMAN COUSINS
THE BENEFITS OF LAUGHTER
psychoneuroimmunology
Dr. Lee Berk
Gamma-interferon and B-cells
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HUMOUR AND CANCER
Dr. Michael Morsher
HUMOUR: HOW IT WORKS AND AFFECTS OUR METABOLISM
Dr. Patty Wooten
THE SPEAKER’S OPINION
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QUESTIONS
Part A: Use your notes to decide if the statements below are T (true) or F (false) according to the lecture on
“Laughter Therapy”. Change the false statements to make them true.
1. The speaker doesn’t believe in the benefits of laughter therapy. T( )F( )

2. Norman Cousins was suffering from lung cancer. T( )F( )
3. Norman Cousins was given a one in five hundred chance of recovery. T ( ) F ( )
1. The story of Norman Cousins was published in .
A) 1979 B) 1989 C) 1990
2. Norman Cousins found that, when he laughed for minutes, he could sleep for hour(s)
without feeling any pain.
A) 5 / 1 B) 10 / 2 C) 15 / 2
3. The speaker mentions that Norman Cousins .

A) lost his mind due to laughing too much
B) refused to give any blood to doctors
C) succeeded in treating his illness by using humour therapy
4. Patty Wooten is the author of .

A) Anatomy of an Illness
B) Guidelines to Success
C) the New England Journal of Medicine
5. Psychoneuroimmunology means the study of how and the immune system interact.
A) psychological factors, the brain
B) physical characteristics, psychological factors
C) psychological and environmental factors
6. The speaker describes the Gamma-interferon as a .

A) natural pain killer B) dangerous disease C) disease-fighting protein
7. Dr. Lee Berk has shown that the laughter therapy .

A) decreases B-cells B) produces endorphins C) reduces muscle flexibility
8. The speaker tells us that if you have a very sick friend, you .
A) should stop making jokes in his presence
B) should provide a humorous environment for him/her
C) shouldn’t talk about yourself
9. Which of the following is mentioned by Dr. Patty Wooten?

A) People with a good sense of humour are generally more intelligent.
B) Biochemical changes are harmful to the body.
C) Laughing gives us a feeling of power.
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CHESS
urban (adj.) relating to towns and cities

spread (v.) to (cause to) cover, reach, or have an effect on a wider or increasing area
experience (n.) knowledge or skill that you gain from doing a job or activity, or the process of doing this
appear (v.) to start to be seen or to be present
establish (v.) to start a company or organization that will continue for a long time
involve (v.) to include something as a necessary part of an activity, event, or situation
competitor (n.) a person, team, or company that is competing against others
prove (v.) to provide evidence that shows that something is true
existence (n.) the state of being a real or living thing, or of being present in a particular place, time, or
situation
deny (v.) to say that something is not true
1. The fire ____________ very rapidly because of the strong wind.

2. The company’s goal is to ____________ a new research center in the North.
3. She has years of ____________ in the computer industry, so she can get
a job easily wherever she wants.
4. Pollution has reached disturbingly high levels in some ____________ areas. That is why people living in cities are in
greater risk than those who live in the countryside.
5. This job is not as easy as it may ____________. Be ready for the challenges you will face.
6. The company’s four major ____________ have nothing to rival the new product.
7. They hope this new evidence will ____________ her innocence.
8. I need to inform you that the tests confirm the ____________ of a brain tumor.
9. Most research and development projects ____________ some element of risk.
10. All three athletes ____________ taking the drug, but the tests show the opposite.
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P2-F Fall 2022
NOTE-TAKING GUIDE
Take notes using the headings below while listening to the lecture on “Chess”. You will hear the lecture two
times.
History of chess
Chaturanga
Modernizing chess
FIDE
Chess Olympiads
Benjamin Franklin’s opinions on chess
Foresight
Circumspection
Chess and intelligence
Qualities of a good chess player
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QUESTIONS
Part A: Use your notes to answer the questions.
1. The speaker says that chess was invented .

A) fifteen centuries ago B) sixteen centuries ago
C) seventeen centuries ago D) nineteen centuries ago
2. According to the listening, chaturanga was the name of .

A) an Indian chess club B) chess in India
C) a strategy in chess D) one of the pieces in chess
3. Chess became popular first in , then in , and finally in .

A) Southern Europe / Iran / India B) India / Southern Europe / Iran
C) Iran / India / Southern Europe D) India / Iran / Southern Europe
4. According to the listening, the modernization of chess began in .

th th
A) the 15 century by Indians B) the 15 century by Europeans
C) the 19th century by Europeans D) the 20th century by Indians
5. According to the listening, Benjamin Franklin mentioned that chess was a good way of .
A) preventing many illnesses B) communicating with people
C) improving our brain functions D) educating children
6. The speaker explains that circumspection means .

A) being afraid of the future
B) looking into the future
C) being careful and watchful about our own and our competitor’s moves
D) being careless and forgetful about our own and our competitor’s moves
7. The speaker says that the role of experience in becoming a good chess player.
A) may be less important than intelligence B) may be more important than intelligence
C) may be as important as intelligence D) may not be very important
8. According to research, most good chess players are .

A) born in summer B) born in fall
C) right-handed D) left-handed
Part B: Read the statements. Write T (true) or F (false). Then correct the false statements.
1. The World Chess Federation (FIDE) was established in the 19th century.
2. Chess Olympiads are held every three years.
3. Chaturanga means army in India.
4. The speaker finds the results of the research on chess illogical.
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OSMAN HAMDI BEY
attend (v.) to go to an event such as a meeting or a class
article (n.) a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine
district (n.) an area of a town or the countryside, especially one with particular features
excavation (n.) the action of digging something, especially an archaeological site
foreigner (n.) a person who comes from another country
pass a law (phr.) to officially accept a law or proposal, especially by voting
valuable (adj.) worth a lot of money
1. The government _________to ban smoking in public places in 2009.
2. Several people couldn’t_________ the conference because of the storm.
3. Recent _________ reveal amazing details about everyday life in the ancient city of Pompeii. It is wonderful to see the
objects that have been under the ground for so many centuries come to light.
4. You can see very expensive luxury cars on the streets in rich _________ of Istanbul such as Nişantaşı, Bebek, etc.
5. Greg began his career writing _________ on sporting events for the college magazine.
6. Don't leave your _________ belongings such as a mobile phone or wallet in the car when you go shopping, or someone
will break into your car.
7. I can't speak a word of French, so everyone can tell I'm a _________ as soon as I arrive in France.
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NOTE-TAKING GUIDE
Take notes using the headings below while listening to the lecture called “Osman Hamdi Bey”. You will
hear the lecture two times.
Osman Hamdi Bey
Paris, France
Imperial Museum / Istanbul Archaeological Museum
A new law
Excavations
Archaeological excavation
Other important works
Sanayi-i Nefise
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His paintings
The Tortoise Trainer
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QUESTIONS
Use your notes to answer the questions.
1. Which of the following is FALSE according to the lecture?

A. Osman Hamdi Bey got married in Paris.
B. Osman Hamdi Bey started to write articles in a newspaper when he returned to Istanbul.
C. Osman Hamdi Bey attended archaeology courses in Istanbul.
2. Osman Hamdi Bey went to Paris in .

A. 1869 B. 1860 C.1842
3. Osman Hamdi Bey __ .

A. studied law in Istanbul
B. was sent to Paris by his family
C. finished the Law program in Paris
4. Osman Hamdi Bey helped to pass a new law in .

A. 1883 B. 1895 C. 1881
5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the lecture?

A. Osman Hamdi Bey didn’t make any changes in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
B. Osman Hamdi Bey made excavations in Bergama, Mount Nemrut and other places.
C. Osman Hamdi Bey was the first director of the Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
6. According to the lecture, the Istanbul Archaeological Museum .

A. was one of the best museums before Osman Hamdi Bey became the director
B. had a different name in the past
C. sent valuable objects to foreign countries
7. According to the lecture, The Tortoise Trainer .

A. was sold for 350,000 dollars
B. is in a museum in Paris now
C. is Osman Hamdi Bey’s most famous painting
8. In The Tortoise Trainer, .

A. Osman Hamdi showed the slow and ineffective effort of Ottoman Empire
B. the man was wearing Ottoman style clothes
C. the man was wearing Western style hat
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TAPESCRIPTS
WEEK 5 LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING SKILLS & STRATEGIES - WOMEN IN SCIENCE
The next thing I'm going to talk about is some of the problems that women in science face in the UK. The first
problem is what happens in schools. In the UK, schools are not doing enough to encourage girls to study science.
Most school science is about learning facts and boys are happier about facts. Boys want to know if something is right
or wrong. Women are more interested in evaluating things, deciding if something is good or bad, so schools have to
show girls what you can do with facts. Then, girls will be more interested in science. The next problem is male
attitudes, what men think about women in science. Early in my career, I was often the only woman working in my
lab in Oxford. One male colleague called me simply “the girl”. Over the years, men have made comments to me such
as “you don't look like a scientist”. I realize there was a problem in the UK when I went to France. In the lab where
I worked in Paris, the atmosphere was different. This was because about 50% of the people working there were
women. Another problem for women in science is the issue of children. This is very important for female scientists
in their late twenties and early thirties. In the lab in Paris, having children was not such a big problem for a woman's
career. It didn't have a negative effect on the careers of those French women, but in Britain, if a woman takes time
out to have a child, things can be very hard for her later. If she wants to return to work after having children, it's
difficult to compete with men. While she was having her children, male scientists were doing their research and
publishing it. The last problem I am going to mention today is confidence. I believe that at some point in their careers
someone needs to give women scientists some confidence. They have to have more confidence in their abilities. They
also have to have more confidence to apply for jobs and to do good interviews. In the end, if you're not a woman and
if you’re not a scientist, talking about women in science might not seem very important, but if you’re both of those
things, you might feel uncertain about where your career or life is going.
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WEEK 6 FURTHER STRATEGIES FOR NOTE-TAKING - CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen. Thanks for inviting me to this meeting of the Game Club tonight. My name is
Alex Vargas and I'm a game developer. I write word games and other kinds of puzzles for newspapers and yes, I do
have a fun job. I am going to introduce you to a new kind of word game that I'm working on, but first we're going to
talk about the history of a classic word game, the crossword puzzle. You know, it's that grid with little black and
white squares and a list of clues. The object is to solve the puzzle by finding the answers to the clues and writing
them in the blank white squares. The modern crossword puzzle was probably based on an ancient Roman game of
words squares. These were squares with words reading down and across. In 1890, an Italian named Giuseppe Airoldi
published a small crossword puzzle. It was a word square with just eight words, 4 across and 4 down and clues to
help the solver. However, the crossword, as we know it today, was invented by a New York journalist named Arthur
Wynne. Wynne was from England, but lived in the United States from the age of 19. In 1913, he published a puzzle
that he called a Wordcross in the newspaper New York World. This original crossword was in the shape of a diamond
with no black squares. Wynne later created a version with black squares and changed the shape to a square. Wynne’s
crossword was an instant success. In fact, crossword puzzles became so popular that the New York Public Library
got worried. More people were using the library's dictionaries and encyclopedias for crossword puzzles than for
research. The crossword puzzle is probably still the most popular game in the world. There are even crossword
puzzles in Chinese. In recent years, people are beginning to realize that crossword puzzles are more than just fun and
games. There are many benefits to doing crosswords. Some medical experts believe that doing crosswords helps keep
our brains more active and therefore healthier. Doing a crossword forces you to use your brain to remember facts
about people and events. You often remember things you didn't know you knew. You also learn a lot of new things
as you do research to find the answers to puzzle clues. Now, about my game, I am developing a new word game. To
be honest, I think crosswords are a little old-fashioned. I wanted to update the crossword puzzle and make it more
social. You can play this game with a group or even play it online. Its name is Cross-Purposes. I have some sample
copies with me tonight. Now the rules for the game…
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WEEK 8 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - FIRST SPACE EXPLORATIONS
Space has always been interesting for mankind. From Galileo to Stephen Hawking, many scientists have looked at
endless space and tried to solve its mysteries. Today we are going to take a closer look at the first space exploration,
Sputnik, and how it led to other important discoveries in the US. In other words, you will learn about the Sputnik,
Explorer, and the Pioneer Missions.
Now, let’s start with Sputnik. Its first space exploration started back in the 1950s. The world, especially the US, was
shocked, when on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik. The US
was shocked because they didn’t think the Soviet Union would be the first country to send the first satellite into
space.
What does the name Sputnik mean? The name Sputnik comes from a Russian word. It means "travelling friend of
the world." Sputnik wasn’t heavy at all: It was just 83 kg. Of course, Sputnik wasn’t empty. It carried a thermometer
and two radio transmitters with it. Sputnik’s mission was to travel around the earth and send information back, and
it travelled around the earth once every 96.2 minutes. While it was travelling around the earth, it sent back
atmospheric information by radio. However, its two transmitters only worked for 21 days. Finally, after 57 days in
space, it was destroyed while it was re- entering Earth’s atmosphere.
Sputnik was not a very big object, but it had a big effect on the world. It especially affected the development of space
exploration in the USA. For example, after Sputnik’s launch into space, the U.S. immediately decided to spend more
money on satellite projects. Also, the launch of Sputnik led to the beginning of NASA. In July 1958, the American
government passed the Space Act and NASA began on October 1, 1958.
After the Soviet Union, the USA sent their first satellite into space. It was called Explorer 1. It was sent into space
on January 31, 1958. Like Sputnik, Explorer 1 had an important mission too. Its mission was to measure radiation
around the Earth. How did Explorer 1 measure the radiation? It had a cosmic ray detector, and it was designed to
measure the amount of radiation in space.
Explorer 1 led to the discovery of the radiation belt. The radiation belt is a field of radiation which surrounds our
planet. This belt is 25,000 miles in length. The satellite was also very small; it weighed 14 kg. In the end on March
31, 1970, like Sputnik 1, Explorer 1 entered Earth's atmosphere and burned up.
After Explorer 1, the Pioneer missions began. ‘Pioneer’ was the name of the spacecraft. The goal of the Pioneer
missions was to collect information about other planets
However, Pioneer 1 and 2 failed. On the other hand, Pioneer 3 and 4 were successful and gathered data about the
moon. Then the other Pioneer missions followed and they led to important discoveries. For example, Pioneer 10 and
11 were the first spacecrafts to visit Jupiter and Saturn.
As you can see, one development led to another in the history of space exploration. It is clear that Sputnik started
everything. I believe that the launch of Sputnik had a domino effect, that is, it caused many other events to take place.
I’m sure, like space itself, explorations will never end and every day we will keep learning different facts about the
universe.
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WEEK 9 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - TECHNOLOGY AND US
Good morning everybody. Today I want to talk about the harmful effects of developing technology on people’s
health. We use many technological items, but are they safe for us? Some scientists don’t think they are as they
produce dangerous electromagnetic fields. Now I will inform you about the dangers of especially four items that
we use almost every day: cell phones, laptops, wireless modems, and hair dryers.
We are in the age of telecommunication. In earlier times people used smoke signals, signal flags and optical
telegraphs to communicate over long distances. Today we have cell phones. They have become an important part of
our everyday life. But we have also base stations. What are the base stations? They are the towers you see on the
side of the road that make cell phone calls possible. Without base stations, we can’t communicate on our cell phones.
According to scientists, these base stations threaten people’s health. But some experts disagree with that. For
example, John Powers, a scientist at Oxford University, says that base stations are not dangerous. He argues that
companies give people too many free minutes to talk on their cell phones. This is more harmful. People have
unnecessary conversations on the phone for many hours. Therefore, they are affected by the electromagnetic fields
of their cell phones. He thinks companies should stop giving people free minutes. Now, I’d like to talk about the
harmful effects of laptops and modems. Some scientists think laptops are more dangerous than base stations. A
laptop sends out 35 volts per meter, and a base station sends out 10 volts per meter. Therefore, we should always use
laptops on desks. We shouldn’t keep them close to our body. Also, wireless modems that we use in our homes are
not very safe. Scientists warn that wireless modems shouldn’t be on 24 hours a day in the home. They should be
turned off when not in use. If you have to use your computer for long hours, you can place a plant like cactus in the
room to decrease the level of radiation.
Finally, another harmful electronic machine is the hair dryer. According to the World Health Organization, some
hair dryers send out electromagnetic waves that are quite high and potentially dangerous. We should try to limit their
use to a very short period of time. We shouldn’t use one more than six minutes; otherwise, we might have health
problems such as a migraine. It is best not to use a hairdryer after 7 pm because it is at that time that the brain starts
to produce the melatonin hormone. The melatonin hormone is necessary for the body to repair itself. However, high
levels of radiation near the head prevents the production of this hormone. As a result, the body can’t repair itself
properly. One last piece of advice: Hold the hair dryer approximately 20 to 25 centimetres away from your head.
As you can see when we use technology, we take risks. Technology in our age has both good sides and bad sides. I
personally believe that we need more education on how to use technology because most people think they are all
safe. That’s all for today. Thank you for listening.
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WHY DO THE BRITISH TALK ABOUT THE WEATHER SO MUCH?
Hi, as everybody knows weather is important for all of us. We talk about the weather at least once or twice a day,
but especially in some countries people talk about the weather too much. In Britain, for example, weather talk is
very common. Why do the British talk about the weather so much? Today, I will explain this topic by analyzing the
possible reasons why British people talk so much about the weather.
Oscar Wilde, a famous British novelist, said conversation about the weather was the last refuge of unimaginative
people. In other words, he believed that unimaginative people conversed about the weather when they couldn’t think
of a better topic to talk about.
Kate Fox, who is a social anthropologist, has conducted research and asked her participants questions related to
weather. She says, “According to our research, 94% of British participants have talked about the weather in the past
six hours, while 38% say they have talked about the weather in the past 60 minutes. This means at almost any moment
in Britain, at least a third of the population is talking about the weather.” So why do the British do it?
Let’s look at the reasons now. The first reason is Britain’s geography. Several features of Britain’s geography make
the weather the way it is: mild but famously unpredictable. Britain’s position at the edge of the Atlantic places it at
the end of a storm track. Then there is the Gulf Stream, which makes the British climate milder than it really should
be. Also, the UK is made up of islands, which means that there is a lot of water in the air. So much water in the
atmosphere makes the weather particularly unpredictable. The variability means residents never know quite what to
expect. Snow in summer? T-shirts in winter? Recently, the hottest-ever November day was recorded in mid-Wales,
with a temperature of 22.4 degrees Celsius. It’s much more unpredictable than the climate of many countries.
The second reason is social purposes. First of all, weather talk is used by people to overcome social fears and shyness.
Kate Fox has listened to hundreds of weather-related conversations as part of her research. She concludes that
weather talk is a kind of code that we have evolved to help us to connect with others. Many of the day-to-day
conversations British people start about the weather are more ordinary. Comments like “cold, isn’t it?” don’t need a
full reply; a sound of agreement will be enough. Also, in some situations, weather talk is used to start a conversation.
In others, it’s used to switch the conversation away from uncomfortable topics. We also use weather talk to test other
people’s moods: “Depending on their answer to your weather greeting, you can tell if someone is in the mood for a
chat, or is feeling unsocial and negative,” says Fox.
Of course, these kinds of social conversations also occur in other cultures. But their content changes from culture to
culture. Derek Bousfield, an expert in language and impoliteness at Manchester Metropolitan University, explains
that in every culture, individuals interact with each other in a different way. On the one hand, they want to build
closer friendships and connections with others. On the other, they desire to be independent and left alone. Academics
call these contrasting needs a ‘positive face’ and a ‘negative face’. Now let me explain the meanings of a positive
face and a negative face. A positive face is the desire to build closer friendships, and a negative face is the desire to
be left alone. What about British people? Which one of these do British people typically prefer? “British people tend
to prefer a negative face,” says Bousfield. “Now, let me give you an example about the attitudes of people who are
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from a positive or a negative face culture. For example, in a positive face culture, getting on the bus and ignoring
someone you know is disrespectful and causes interpersonal problems. But in a negative face culture, such as Britain,
when you get on the bus and see someone you know, you respect the person’s personal space, and do not start an
unwanted conversation.
When it comes to small talk, countries that give more importance to a positive face will choose personal topics, such
as someone’s age, weight or what they do for a living. That explains why people from some positive face cultures
which include the Middle East, China, Southeast Asia, South America and the United States will ask questions that
British people might find rude. A country like Britain, on the other hand, will choose a safe and an impersonal topic
– such as the weather.
Now let’s look at other examples of a negative face culture. Apart from Britain, Japan is another example of a
negative face culture. Certainly in Japan, which is another island nation with unpredictable weather, the weather and
the seasons are common conversation topics. Take the following poem by the Japanese novelist Natsume Soseki:
“Over the wintry forest, winds howl in rage with no leaves to blow.”
Other examples of negative face cultures are Switzerland and Finland. The Swiss and Finns, though, are not quite as
obsessed with the weather. It is possibly because there’s less weather to talk about. In Finland, for example, you can
connect with people simply by sitting and drinking with them; you don’t even have to talk much. When you do this
in the winter – where Helsinki has underground tunnels so the shops can still operate even in deep snow – what
weather is there to talk about?
Everyone knows it’s only going to be ice and snow for up to four, five or sometimes six months, so why talk about
it? In Britain, on the other hand, one can be picnicking in shorts and t- shirt on Sunday; and battling heavy rain on
Monday. That’s just the way it is in Britain. As an English song goes, “Everywhere you go, always take the weather
with you.” Thanks for listening.
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WEEK 11 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
Today I am going to talk about different types of alternative medicine. Alternative medicine is a different form of
treatment from conventional medicine. By conventional medicine I mean the usual drugs that are made from various
chemical substances. Antibiotics and painkillers such as augmentin and aspirin are examples of conventional
medicines.
As I have just mentioned, alternative medicine is different from conventional medicine because it benefits from
natural sources. Another characteristic of alternative medicine is that it uses eastern practices like yoga and
meditation. Alternative medicine doesn’t always replace conventional medicine. If it replaces conventional
medicine, it is called alternative medicine. However, if it supports conventional medicine rather than replacing it, it
is called complementary medicine. For example, many Chinese hospitals use acupuncture to reduce pain during
operations instead of anesthetics. This is one example of complementary medicine. Also, some hospitals benefit
from natural oils such as sesame oil as a complementary treatment for cancer. This is another example of
complementary medicine.
There are many kinds of alternative medicine, but the four most important ones are: naturopathy, ayurveda,
homeopathy and acupuncture. I am not going to explain all of them to you today. I am going to focus on only
ayurveda and homeopathy.
Now I will talk about an alternative therapy which is called ayurveda. Ayurveda is the traditional medicine of India
which has been practiced for more than 5,000 years. It is a Sanskrit word that means the "science of life". Ayurveda
has been used as treatment for both rich and poor people in India.
Let me explain the aim or the philosophy of ayurveda. It focuses on the prevention of diseases, restoration of our
body system, and living a long life. The aim of ayurveda is not only to prevent diseases, but also to understand
ourselves and the world around us. According to ayurveda philosophy, the mind and the body influence each other.
Therefore, there can be no mental health without physical health. Thoughts or feelings are as important as symptoms
and diseases of the physical body. If there is a lack of balance between the mind and the body, diseases occur.
Consequently, diseases are treated by restoring the natural balance mentally and physically. In short, your body must
be in balance with your mind if you want to live a good life. Like ayurveda, homeopathy is another kind of alternative
medicine. It is based on the theory that substances that are poisonous in large doses can be very beneficial in small
doses. In other words, if a harmful substance is given to a patient in small doses, it can save his / her life. It can be
used for short-term and long-term illnesses. Let me explain what I mean by short-term and long-term illnesses: Short-
term illnesses are acute; they don’t last long. On the other hand, long-term illnesses are chronic, and they last for a
long time.
The father of homeopathy is Hippocrates, who lived in the fourth century B.C. In the 1790s Samuel Hahnemann, a
German doctor, improved Hippocrates’s ideas and developed homeopathy. Homeopathic drugs are made from
sources such as bee stings, snake poisons, arsenic, and gold. These drugs have no side effects and are perfectly safe,
non-toxic and non-addictive. There are over 2000 homeopathic drugs in the world. Millions of people in Britain,
Europe and America use homeopathy to fight illnesses.
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So, what about the statistics? How popular are these alternative therapies among people? Statistics show that
alternative therapies are becoming more and more popular in the world today. For example, according to one study,
1 in 3 patients used alternative therapy in 2010. Another example is that in 2009, Americans spent more than $1.5
billion on alternative medicine such as herbal remedies, including teas and vitamins.
It seems that alternative medicine is quite popular among people, and in my opinion, alternative medicine is safer
and cheaper than conventional medicine. That’s all for today. Thank you for listening to my lecture.
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WEEK 12 NOTE TAKING PRACTICE - LAUGHTER THERAPY
In my last lecture, I talked about different types of alternative therapies. Today, I will explain another type of
alternative therapy, which everyone uses many times every day. The good thing about this therapy is that it is very
easy to use. Moreover, it is free; you don’t pay any money for it. I am talking about laughter therapy. So, in this
lecture, I am going to inform you about laughter therapy: First, I am going to talk about an interesting person named
Norman Cousins, next I’ll discuss the benefits of laughter, then I’ll explain the relationship between humour and
cancer, and finally I’ll tell you how laughter affects our metabolism.
O.K. Let me first tell you about Norman Cousins. Nowadays, almost all doctors believe that humour and laughter
can be a powerful tool to cure stress. However, until the New England Journal of Medicine published an interesting
real-life story in 1979, most scientists didn’t take the healing power of humour seriously. When this real-life story
was published in the New England Journal of Medicine, the attitude toward laughter changed. The hero of the story
was a doctor called Norman Cousins. He was suffering from a painful disease in his bones. Moreover, he was given
a one in five hundred chance of recovery, so he decided to treat himself with a very different kind of treatment:
laughter. With Cousins' self-designed humour treatments, he found that 15 minutes of strong laughter could produce
two hours of pain free sleep. After six months when he tested his blood, he saw that his illness had disappeared.
Finally, Cousins was able to completely reverse the illness and recover. He also wrote a book called “Anatomy of
an Illness,” where he told his story. Now, I will talk about the benefits of laughter. Today, the interest in the effects
of humour and laughter has increased so much that the field has a name – psycho neuro immunology. It is a long
word. It means the study of how psychological factors, the brain and the immune system interact to influence health.
Dr. Lee Berk, a preventive care clinician, has been studying the effects of laughter on the immune system. His study
has shown that laughing lowers blood pressure, reduces stress hormones, increases muscle flexibility, and boosts
immune function. Laughing does all of these by increasing the levels of Gamma-interferon and B-cells. Let me
explain what they are: Gamma-interferon and Bcells produce disease-fighting proteins and make our immune system
stronger. Dr. Lee Berk has also found that laughter also produces endorphins, which are the body's natural painkillers.
Cancer patients can also benefit from humour. Let’s look into how humour can be used to treat deadly diseases like
cancer. Many of us feel uncomfortable when we joke and laugh in front of cancer patients. Many people may even
consider it rude or insensitive. However, it has been shown scientifically that the best thing you can do for your sick
friends is to provide a humorous environment and let them "forget" about their disease. Sitting and feeling sorry for
their condition will not help them much. Dr. Michael Morsher, an oncologist in California, says that laughing is a
very good coping mechanism when you are suffering from a deadly disease such as cancer.
So, how does humour work? Dr. Patty Wooten, a British psychologist, in her book, "Guidelines to Success," says,
“The ability to laugh at a situation or a problem gives us a feeling of superiority and power. Laughter provides an
opportunity for the release of uncomfortable emotions. If we keep them inside, they might create biochemical
changes that are harmful to the body.” Patty Wooten has also pointed out that humour activates the whole brain and
balances activity in both hemispheres of the brain.
In short, what I want to say is that the emotions and moods we experience directly affect our immune system. My
personal opinion, too, is that having a sense of humour and laughing at things with our friends allow us to fight
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against the difficulties in life. These things provide moments of joy and happiness. I think you won’t disagree with
me when I say, “Happy people generally don't get sick.” Well, that’s all for today. I hope you have a great day full
of laughter and smiles. Thank you for listening to my lecture.
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WEEK 13 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - CHESS
Hi, today I am going to tell you about one of the oldest and most popular games in the world: chess. As you all
know, chess is a two-player board game which is played on a chessboard. Chess is played by millions of people
worldwide in homes, urban parks, clubs, online, and in tournaments. In recent years, chess has become part of
many school programs.
Let’s talk about the history of chess. Where did chess first begin? Where was it played first? The history of chess
began about 1500 years ago. Historians think that the game began in Northern India in the 6th century AD. In other
words, probably, it was the Indians who invented this game in the 6th century. However, chess had a different name
then. It was known as chaturanga in India. Chaturanga meant army. After people started to play this new game
which was called chaturanga and which meant army in Indian, it became popular very fast and spread to other
parts of the world. First, chess spread to Iran. In time, chess became more and more popular. After Iran, it quickly
spread to Southern Europe.
However, in Europe, the game experienced some changes. We can see that, in the 15th century, Europeans changed
the moves of several pieces, and the game became modernized. The modern game of chess started with these
changes. But it wasn’t until the 19th century that chess organizations developed quickly. Many chess clubs and
chess books appeared at that time. In the 20th century, the World Chess Federation (FIDE) was established. FIDE,
which is the name of the World Chess Federation, has managed the world championship matches since the 20th
century. Although chess is not an Olympic sport, it has its own Olympiad, which is held every two years as a team
event.
As more and more people began to play chess, they saw that it was different from other games because playing
chess involved intense brain activity. For example, during the Age of Enlightenment, chess was thought of as a
method of self-improvement. Many important people wrote their opinions on chess. One of them was Benjamin
Franklin, who was one of the founding fathers of the United States. He wrote an article which was called "The
Morals of Chess". In his article Franklin wrote:
The Game of Chess is not only a simple enjoyment or hobby; it also has many benefits for us. I believe that we
can make the functions of the brain stronger by playing chess because playing chess makes us use many abilities
of our brain. Also, I think life is a kind of chess, in which we win or we lose and we have enemies to fight with.
By playing chess, we may learn two key lessons: The first one is FORESIGHT. It means looking into the future,
and thinking about the results of your actions. During a chess game, you have to think and calculate the results of
your actions and decisions and how they can affect your future moves. The second lesson we learn is
CIRCUMSPECTION. When we play chess, we have to follow the movements of several pieces. As a result,
carefulness and watchfulness become important when we play chess. In other words, playing chess teaches us to
be careful and watchful of our own and our competitor’s moves.
So, what about chess and intelligence? Is there a connection between them? Although the link between
performance in chess and general intelligence is often accepted, researchers have largely failed to prove its
existence. In other words, researchers cannot prove that there is a connection between intelligence and performance
in chess. For example, a 2006 study found no differences in intelligence between strong adult chess players and
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regular people. So, we can say that performance in chess depends on one's experience, and the role of experience
may be more important than the role of intelligence.
OK, so we can say that the popularity of chess has increased ever since its invention. If you are a chess player, you
want to be good at it. What are the qualities of a good chess player? What are the factors which make a person a
good chess player? Scientists did research on strong chess players and observed some common qualities. Their
research showed that stronger players start playing chess at a young age. Everybody knows that practice makes it
perfect. We cannot deny the role of practice in one’s success. Also, scientists found that most of the good chess
players were born in late winter and early spring. The last important quality of a good chess player was that most
of them were lefthanded. These are interesting results, aren’t they? Yet, I have some doubts about these results. I
think it is not very logical to say that all left-handed people can become good chess players or that people who are
born in winter or spring can become good chess players. I want to say that they are not very logical results.
So, today we talked about one of the world’s most popular games. I agree with Franklin: Life is like chess. Thank
you for listening.
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WEEK 14 NOTE TAKING PRACTICE – OSMAN HAMDI BEY
Hello. Today, I’ll talk about a famous Turkish archaeologist and painter, Osman Hamdi Bey. I ‘ll discuss his life
and works. Also, I’ll give you some information about the Istanbul Archaeological Museum.
Osman Hamdi Bey was born on December 30, 1842 in Istanbul. He was the son of Ibrahim Edhem Pasha. He
started school in a famous district of Istanbul, Beşiktaş. Later, he studied law in Istanbul. In 1860, he was sent as
a student to France by the Ottoman Empire. At first, he studied law in Paris, too. However, he was also interested
in art, so after a while he left the Law program and took lessons from famous painters. At the same time, he
attended archaeology courses. He stayed in Paris for 9 years. He got married and had two daughters there. He
decided to return to Istanbul in 1869. After his return, he worked at important positions in the Ottoman Empire.
The first Museum of the Ottoman Empire was the Imperial Museum. Today, its name is the Istanbul
Archaeological Museum. The museum’s first director was German. After the German director died, Osman
Hamdi Bey became the new director in 1881. He continued this job for 29 years. In this period, the Istanbul
Archaeology Museum became one of the best museums in the world. Osman Hamdi Bey wrote many articles in
the newspaper at that time. In his articles, he wrote about the importance of ancient objects and places because
foreigners were taking ancient statues or objects away from the Ottoman Empire, and putting them in museums in
other countries. Shortly after Hamdi became the director of the museum, in 1883, he helped to pass a new law to
prevent this problem. After this law, foreigners could not take and carry away valuable ancient objects to their own
countries. When Osman Hamdi was the director, he arranged 650 objects in the Istanbul
Archaeological Museum. He also organized excavations in Bergama, Mount Nemrut and other places between
1883 and 1895. He and his team found many valuable objects in these excavations. These objects are still in the
Istanbul Archaeological Museum today.
In addition to his archaeological work, Osman Hamdi also did other important things. He opened the Ottoman
Empire's first faculty of fine arts, Sanayi-i Nefise, and became the director of this school. Today the school’s name
is Mimar Sinan University of Fine Arts.
Osman Hamdi also became famous as a painter while he was alive. He worked on figures and portraits. In his
paintings, there are many details. His most famous painting is The Tortoise Trainer. He painted it in 1906. In The
Tortoise Trainer, Osman Hamdi tries to show the slow and ineffective effort of the Ottoman Empire to make new
reforms. In the painting, the tortoise trainer is wearing a Fez. It is a traditional Ottoman style hat. However, his
clothes are Western style. The original painting was sold for 3.5 million dollars in December 2014. It is in the Pera
Museum of Istanbul now. Thank you for listening!
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P2-F Fall 2022

Compulsory Listening Pack

ISTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

2022-2023 FALL TERM

WEEK 4 PRACTICE FOR NUMERICAL INFORMATION ..................................................................... 3

WEEK 5 LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING SKILLS & STRATEGIES - WOMEN IN SCIENCE..12

WEEK 6 FURTHER STRATEGIES FOR NOTE-TAKING - CROSSWORD PUZZLE .................... 15

WEEK 7 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - ANCIENT ROBOTS .................................................................... 19

WEEK 8 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - FIRST SPACE EXPLORATIONS ........................................ 20

WEEK 9 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - TECHNOLOGY AND US ............................................................ 23

WEEK 10 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE ........................................................................................................ ...

WHY DO THE BRITISH TALK ABOUT THE WEATHER SO MUCH? ............................................. 27

WEEK 11 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ............................................. 31

WEEK 12 NOTE TAKING PRACTICE - LAUGHTER THERAPY ........................................................... 36

WEEK 13 NOTE-TAKING PRACTICE - CHESS ......................................................................................... 40

WEEK 14 NOTE TAKING PRACTICE - OSMAN HAMDI BEY ............................................................. 43

WEEK 4 PRACTICE FOR NUMERICAL INFORMATION

5. …………… 10. …………..

5..……………… 10. ……………

5. …………… 10. …………..

Reading Fractions in English

Notice the following ways to talk about ratios or proportions.

5. The number of infant deaths in Ethiopia in 2007 was …………………………… births.

1. Michelangelo was born in .

10. Tokyo’s projected population in is million.

WEEK 5 LISTENING & NOTE-TAKING SKILLS & STRATEGIES

Some tips for taking better notes:

Recognize expressions that signal the main idea of the lecture

Recognize text language that signals a transition

Recognize text language that signals a cause-effect

PRACTICE - WOMEN IN SCIENCE

face (v.) confront, deal with

encourage (v.) to give someone confidence or hope to do something

to be interested (adj.) to be into something

SIGNALS FROM THE LECTURE WHAT TO NOTE DOWN

In the UK, schools…

Boys want to know…

Women are more interested in…

The next problem is…

Early in my career… …. in my lab in Oxford.

When I went to France…

about …. % of the people working there were …

Another problem for women in science…

In the lab in Paris, … … having children … for a woman's career

But in Britain, … If a woman takes time out to have a child, things…

If she wants to return to work after having children, it's …

The last problem I’m going to mention today…

Women scientists have to… …. in their….

They also have to…

1. Schools do not give enough chance to girls to study science. T F

2. Boys are more interested in facts / good and bad.

3. Male attitudes towards women in science is a problem. T F

5. Having children is also a problem for women scientists in Britain. T F

6. Women scientists do not need to have confidence in their abilities. T F

7. Confidence is necessary for women scientists in job interviews. T F

WEEK 6 FURTHER STRATEGIES FOR NOTE-TAKING

PRACTICE - CROSSWORD PUZZLE

SIGNALS FROM THE LECTURE WHAT TO NOTE DOWN

I’m going to introduce you…

The modern crossword puzzle… …based on…

These were squares with words reading … and …

In 1890, … an … named …. published…