Skin Care Product Recommendation System
Using Android-Based Hybrid Method (Content
Based Filtering and Collaborative Filtering)
Victor Amrizal1, Hendra Bayu Suseno2, Arini3, Handan Siswaningrum4
Teknik Informatika. Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah.Jakarta, Indonesia
victor.amrizal@uinjkt.ac.id, hendra.bayu@uinjkt.ac.id, arini@uinjkt.ac.id, handan.siswaningrum15@mhs.uinjkt.ac.id
Abstract— The development of skin care products in facial
skin care in Indonesia can be proven by data on the market value
of the cosmetic industry from 2010 to 2023. The largest market of
the Indonesian cosmetic industry is the skin care segment with a
market volume of USD 1,673 million. The number of skin care
products is a consideration for someone in choosing a product.
The recommendation system can help provide product
recommendations. Some of the recommendation system methods
include Content Based Filtering, Collaborative Filtering and
Hybrid. However, this method has weaknesses if applied
dominantly. Solutions using the Hybrid method by combining the
two, can help improve the system. The purpose of this study is to
implement Content Based Filtering and Collaborative Filtering
methods on an Android-based skin care product recommendation
system. System testing is carried out using Precision, MAE, and
Blackbox Testing techniques. The test was conducted on 20 skin
care users. The testing technique with the Precision of both
methods, obtained the results of Content Based Filtering 0.80 and
Collaborative 0.88. MAE testing was carried out on the
Collaborative Filtering method with 3 scenarios getting results of
0.96 in scenario 1 (3 users), and 0.92 in scenario 2 (5 users), then
0.88 in scenario 3 (20 users). So it can be concluded that the
method applied has the best accurate value and error rate on the
results of more recommendations.
Keywords— Recommended System, Skin care, TF-IDF, Pearson
Correlation, Content Based Filtering, Collaborative Filtering,
Hybrid Recommended System
I. INTRODUCTION
Along with the times, people are required to be more
modern in terms of appearance. The need for appearance has
become a top priority for both women and men. In this case,
appearance is not only about clothes or accessories, but can be
seen from the face [1].
Facial skin is a very sensitive part. Compared to the skin
of other parts of the body, facial skin has a very thin layer, so
it is not uncommon for many people to experience problems
with facial skin. Problems with facial skin usually occur
because someone is lazy to care for and keep the skin healthy.
Facial skin care or commonly referred to as skin care is an
action that can be taken to maintain skin condition [2].
Skin care is an activity carried out in treating or improving
the condition of facial skin. Skin care is done by using a
variety of supporting products that contain ingredients
according to skin conditions. These products will later be
applied to the maintenance routine [3].
Before taking care of facial skin, it's good someone needs
to know the condition of their skin. This is very important for
someone in choosing skin care products that suit their skin
conditions. Facial skin types are generally divided into four
types, namely dry, normal, oily and sensitive. Each product
has a different content and function in its use according to their
respective needs [4].
The production of skin care products in Indonesia itself is
increasing along with the increasing public interest in the need
for using skin care. Based on a survey conducted in 2018 by
(“Beauty and Personal Care in Indonesia | Euromonitor,”
2021) with the title “Mass Beauty and Personal Care in
Indonesia”, stated that the growth of the cosmetic industry in
Indonesia continues to increase with the highest sales being in
hair care products. by 35.8% and followed by skin care
products by 31.7%. These data indicate that Indonesia has
potential in the development of the cosmetic industry, both in
terms of products and users [3]. With many companies
producing skin care products with different brands, prices and
quality, it becomes a difficult consideration for a consumer in
choosing an appropriate product [5].
For this reason, the recommendation system can assist
users in providing product recommendations from the many
products available. A recommendation system is a system that
provides and recommends an item or goods to assist users in
making a decision [6]. There are several recommendation
system methods commonly used in making the system,
including Content Based Filtering, Collaborative Filtering and
Hybrid [7]. However, each of these methods has weaknesses
when applied dominantly. In this case, if the system only uses
the Content Based Filtering method, the system only
recommends items based on user characteristics so that the
recommendations displayed for users are not broad. While the
Collaborative Filtering method only provides
recommendations based on ratings from other users, so it is
not certain that the items to be recommended will be in
accordance with the criteria according to the user. The
solution using the Hybrid method by combining the two, can
help improve performance on a recommendation system that
only uses the dominant method [8].
Several studies on skin care recommendation systems
have been widely applied. As in the research conducted by
(Safitri, 2021) who implemented a skin care recommendation
system using the Content Based Filtering method with the
Apriori Algorithm which can produce new product
recommendations based on the suitability of products that
users have liked. In this case, there are still many studies that
have not carried out the application by combining the two
methods (hybrid) [9].
Thus, the authors conclude to conduct research by
implementing the Hybrid method using two recommendation
methods, namely Content Based Filtering and Collaborative
Filtering on an Android-based skin care product
recommendation system.
II. TEORETICAL FOUNDATION
A. Recommended System
The recommendation system is a system that aims to help
provide recommendations for users to determine an
interesting item or product. In other words, the system is
1
designed to provide predictions based on user preferences and
ratings given by any user. In recent years, the recommendation
system has been widely implemented in several applications.
Examples of implementing the concept of a well-known
recommendation system, such as recommendations for films,
books, news, food menus, products, matchmaking, or
friendship searches on Facebook or Twitter [10].
Everyone has different tastes or interests in choosing an
item or product. In this case, the recommendation system can
work by providing certain suggestions to the user in choosing
an item that might be of interest to the user. By using certain
techniques or methods that can produce a recommendation, it
can be based on the opinions of other users or through
calculating the similarity of characteristics of an item that was
liked by previous users. Therefore, a recommendation system
was built to provide suggestions based on the prediction of an
item that suits the tastes of the user.
To run a recommendation system there are several
methods used to develop a system. In this case, there are three
approaches to recommendation system methods commonly
used, such as Content Based Filtering, Collaborative Filtering,
and Hybrid Filtering [11].
B. Content Based Filtering
A content-based recommendation system is a
recommendation method with a technique of equating an item
attribute based on user preferences and recommending a new
item based on similar characteristics or information contained
in the item [12].
Content Based Filtering recommends items with
attributes similar to what the user is currently viewing or likes
and recommends them based on the item's information. In
other words, this method will extract the information
contained in the item, then it will be compared with items that
have been seen or liked by the user [11].
However, this content-based recommendation system has
advantages and disadvantages, namely [13]:
Advantages:
a. The system performs calculations based on the
similarity between user profiles and item profiles.
b. In this system, users do not require interaction with
other users (User independent), so they do not
experience sparsity problems (data voids).
Deficiency:
a. Can only be used on attributes that match the item.
b. Limited recommendations are given, because they
only recommend similar items, so there is no chance
to get unexpected item recommendations.
C. Collaborative Filtering
The basic concept in the Collaborative Filtering method
is to utilize the opinions of other users to provide predictions
on an item that may be of interest to a user [14]. The purpose
of the Collaborative Filtering method itself is to provide
suggestions for new items or to predict certain items for a user
based on the preferences of previous users and opinions from
other similar users [15].
In general, the recommendation process in this
Collaborative Filtering method consists of two steps, namely
calculating the similarity between items and predicting the
rating on the item [16].
The Collaborative Filtering method can cover the
shortcomings of the previous method, namely Content Based
2
Filtering by utilizing item ratings based on other users'
ratings, so that the performance of the recommendations
produced is more widespread, but this method has several
drawbacks, including:
a. This method cannot provide recommendations if
there is no value assigned to an item (cold-start-
problem).
b. Limitation problems or sparsity problems on new
items that have not yet received a rating, so there is a
possibility that the item cannot be recommended.
D. Hybrid
Hybrid Recommender is a method of recommendation
system by combining two or more recommendation
techniques to improve recommendation performance. The
main idea of this method is to cover the shortcomings of the
single method. The techniques used in Hybrid
recommendation filtering are as follows [17]:
a. Weighted: the results of each recommendation
technique are combined and processed to produce
the best recommendation.
b. Switching: this system can choose, switch or switch
recommendation techniques according to the
situation. It's complex, because you have to
determine the switching criteria first. So different
methods will produce different recommendations.
c. Mixed: technique recommendations from various
methods are displayed displaying them
simultaneously.
d. Feature Combination: the result of one
recommendation technique becomes the input of
another recommendation technique.
e. Feature Augmentatio: features from different
recommendation data sources are combined
together into a single recommendation algorithm.
f. Cascade: one recommendation processes the
recommendations provided by another.
g. Meta-level: the model is studied by one
recommendation that is used as input to another.
E. Algoritma TF-IDF
The TF-IDF (term frequency-inverse document
frequency) algorithm can be used as a user profile to look for
similarities in keywords. This algorithm will calculate the
Term Frequency (TF) which is the frequency of occurrence
of a word in a document and Inverse Document Frequency
(IDF) the frequency of the document containing the word
[18].
The TF-IDF value is obtained from the calculation of TF
which symbolizes the frequency of subject terms appearing
in the document, and IDF which symbolizes the frequency of
documents containing subject terms in items [19]. The
equation formula in calculating TF-IDF can be explained in
the following equation:
𝑖𝑑𝑓𝑖 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( 𝑛/𝑑𝑓𝑖 ) (1)
𝑊 = 𝑇𝐹 𝑥 (𝐼𝐷𝐹 + 1) (2)
Information:
𝑊: the weight of the d-th document against the t-word
𝑡𝑓: multiple words searched in a document
𝐼𝐷𝐹: Inversed Document Frequency
𝑁: total number of documents
F. Algoritma Pearson Correlation Based Similarity to observe what brands and types of products are
The Pearson Correlation Based Similarity algorithm is being produced in the market. Then record the
one of the most widely applied similarity calculation methods product information on the website which the
in the Collaborative Filtering method. This algorithm uses researcher will use as a data set in this study. The
calculations based on correlations. Pearson correlation information is in the form of a description, category,
assesses how big the linear relationship between two price, name, brand, and criteria for the product.
variables. Pearson correlation coefficient is derived from a c) Questionnaire
linear regression model which has the assumption that the In the method of collecting data with a questionnaire,
it is used to strengthen the existing data on the
relationship between two variables must be linear, with errors
background and on the test data. The questionnaire
must be independent and have a probability distribution with
was conducted by distributing a form containing a
a mean of 0 and a variance [20]. list of questions and statements to respondents.
One of the correlation measurement techniques is to use
the Pearson Product Moment Correlation or commonly B. Sampling Method
abbreviated as Pearson Correlation. The results of the In determining the number of samples in this study the
Pearson Correlation measurement are in the form of authors used probability sampling method (random sampling).
similarity criteria classification with a value range of -1 (very Probability sampling is a sampling technique that can provide
dissimilar) to 1 (very similar) with 0 as the middle value equal opportunities for each member in a population [22]. In
(neutral). The following is the equation of the Pearson probability sampling technique there are several methods. In
Correlation Based Similarity method [13]. this research, the writer uses stratified random sampling
∑ 𝑢∈𝑈(𝑅𝑢,𝑘 −𝑅̅𝑘 )(𝑅𝑢,𝑙 −𝑅̅𝑙 ) method.
𝑠𝑖𝑚 (𝑘, 𝑙) = (3)
2 2
√∑ 𝑢∈𝑈(𝑅𝑢,𝑘 −𝑅̅𝑘 ) √∑ 𝑢∈𝑈(𝑅𝑢,𝑙 −𝑅̅𝑙 ) a) Stratified Random Sampling
Information: Stratified random sampling method is a method of
𝑠𝑖𝑚 (𝑘, 𝑙): item-k and item-l . similarity values selecting samples by dividing the population into
𝑅𝑢,𝑘 & 𝑅𝑢,𝑙 : rating by User u on item-k and item-l homogeneous groups known as stratum, then the sample is
taken randomly in each stratum and an estimate of the
𝑅̅ 𝑘 & 𝑅̅ 𝑙: average rating on k-item and l-item.
sample representing the stratum is made.
In this study, the groups were divided into several skin
G. Algoritma Weighted Sum types. According to (Riani S & Setyowati, 2014) skin
Prediction calculation method with Weighted Sum, is types are generally divided into 4 parts, namely, normal,
used to calculate the predicted rating value on new items. dry, oily and sensitive [4]. For that the author makes the
This algorithm calculates the rating predictions on these items population in determining the sample is a population that
by comparing the ratings of the items that have been given by has these 4 skin types.
the user with the similarity results between these items and b) Population
other items [21]. Here's the formula for the Weighted Sum In the Skin care Product Recommendation System
algorithm: research, the population is skin care users with several
∑𝑖∈𝑗 𝑟𝑢,𝑖 ∗𝑠𝑖𝑚(𝑖,𝑗) different skin types.
𝑃(𝑢, 𝑗) = ∑𝑖∈𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑚(𝑖,𝑗)
(4)
c) Sample
Information: Sampling according to (Arikunto, 2011) is if the subject is
𝑃(𝑢, 𝑝): Prediction for User u in item j. less than 100 people, then all should be taken. If the subject
∑𝑖∈𝐼 : The set of items similar to item j. is large or more than 100 people, it can be taken 10-15%
𝑟𝑢,𝑖 : User Rating u on item i. or 20-25% or more [23].
𝑠𝑖𝑚(𝑖, 𝑗): The similarity value between item i and item j. In this study, the authors took 20% of the total population with
a sample of 20 people. The samples in this study were divided
III. RESEARCH METHODS into several groups, namely groups with normal skin types,
A. Method Of Collecting Data groups with oily skin types, groups with dry skin types, and
In compiling a study, data collection techniques are useful groups with sensitive skin types. Samples taken from each
for analyzing data related to the research. Researchers need group were calculated using the Slovin formula and the
data and information in order to find background problems following results were obtained:
and theories on methods related to the problem being Tabel 2. Data Sampel
discussed. In this case, the researcher used several techniques,
Jumlah Penghitungan
namely: No. Kelompok
Anggota Sampel
Hasil
a) Literature Study 25
1. Normal 25 𝑥 20 5
In this study the authors collect data relating to the 100
30
object being discussed. By reading and studying 2. Berminyak 30 𝑥 20 6
100
various books, journals, and theses related to 20
3. Kering 20 𝑥 20 4
research. And also collect data digitally via the 100
25
internet by looking for related websites to help 4. Sensitif 25 𝑥 20 5
100
support the discussion in this research. References Total 20
can be seen on the Bibliography page.
b) Observation
C. System Development Method
In observation, the author makes observations of the
In developing a system, researchers need a method that
existing systems on several skin care websites such
as Sociolla.com, Beautyhaul.com, and Sephora.com can explain the stages of research so that it can be understood
easily. One of the system development models that I will use

3
is Rapid Application Development (RAD). The purpose of
this model selection is that the system being developed is in
accordance with the needs and desires of the user. There are
several stages in the implementation, as follows:
A. Needs Planning Stage
At this stage the author divides into several parts, including:
1. Problem Analysis
At this stage, an analysis of the problem is carried
out which is the reason for making the system.
2. Data Needs Analysis
At this stage the author analyzes what data needs are
needed in the system to be made.
3. System Requirements Analysis
At this stage, an analysis of the software and
hardware specifications needed in making the
system is carried out.
B. Stage Design System
At this stage, the system design process is carried out to
determine the suitability between the system and the user.
1. Process Design
At this stage, the algorithm calculation process is
designed for the system to be created. By applying
the Hybrid method (Content Based Filtering and
Collaborative Filtering) with Switching technique.
2. UML Design
At this stage, it will be explained what processes will
be run by the system. Built using UML diagrams,
such as Use Case diagrams, Activity diagrams,
Class diagrams, and Sequence diagrams.
3. Database Design
Perform database design that contains Design data
tables needed in data processing which will later be
implemented into the database. The database that
will be used is Realm.
4. User Interface Design
This stage is designing the appearance of the system
that will be built in order to connect the user with the
system.
5. Coding
This stage is the result of the design into the system.
Coding is done using a language that the system can
understand and is represented in the form of a
program. The software used is Android Studio, Java
as the programming language and Realm as the
database.
C. Implementation Phase
1. System implementation
At this stage the system is ready to operate, so it will
be known whether the system is in accordance with
the interface design that has been made.
2. Testing
Furthermore, the authors conducted tests on the
system to state the accuracy between manual
calculations and system calculations. The testing
system will be calculated using Precision, Mean
absolute error (MAE) and Blackbox Testing.
D. Research Data
4
In this study, the data that the author has collected is the
data that the author will use as material to implement the
system.
The product data that the author took from the results of
observations or observations were as many as 60 products.
Product information consists of 5 categories (facial wash,
toner, moisturizer, sunscreen and mask), 4 skin types
(normal, dry, oily and sensitive) and 27 brands. And other
information for additional reference such as name, price,
description and product image.
Then for user or user data, the author has selected 20 users
as the test sample that the author has obtained using the
sampling method. Each user has done a rating on each
product they have used. So that obtained 363 rating items that
can be used as a reference in the study.
IV. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
The Hybrid-based skin care recommendation system was
built using two methods in one system, which in this method
uses the Switching technique in implementing the
recommendations. The Switching technique will provide
recommendation results by choosing one of the methods used
according to available needs, and will not display other
methods.
Gambar 4. Alur Proses
A. Content Based Filtering Method Process
The stages in the calculation process in the Content Based
Filtering method are as follows:
1. Define queries.
2. Compare item attributes
3. Calculation of the TF-IDF Algorithm.
4. The recommendation results are obtained from the
highest-lowest weight value.
In this stage, attributes or keywords that are considered in
determining the similarity criteria between products are skin
type and product category, which can be seen in the following
table:
Tabel 4.1 Atribut
Kategori Produk Jenis Kulit (Skin Type)
Facial Wash Normal
Toner Kering
Moisturizer Berminyak
Mask Sensitif
Sunscreen
As an example of calculation, by taking 1 sample of skin
care product data, which becomes a query from the counter,
recommendations will be sought according to the similarity
between the product attributes. In this case, the author will
take a sample data scenario using 20 skin care product data as
calculation data.
 Tabel 4.2 Data Produk Kode : P1
Kode Brand Produk Nama Produk Kategori Skin Type Brand : COSRX
AC Collection Nama : AC Collection Calming Foam Cleanser
Facial
P1 COSRX Calming Foam Berminyak Kategori : Facial Wash
Wash Skin Type : Berminyak
Cleanser
Facial
P2 ELSHESKIN Oily Cleanser Wash Berminyak
Wash 2) Compare attributes or keywords
Acne Clarifying 2in1 Facial Tabel 4.3 Atribut Item Pereferensi Pengguna
P3 SAFI Berminyak
Cleanser Wash Kode Kategori Skin Type
White Expert 2in1 Facial
P4 SAFI Kering Q P1 Facial Wash Berminyak
Cleanser & Toner Wash
P2 Facial Wash Berminyak
BIO BEAUTY
P5 Luxurious Face Oil Moisturizer Berminyak P3 Facial Wash Berminyak
LAB
P4 Facial Wash Kering
Hydra Boost Oil Free
P6 ELSHESKIN Moisturizer Berminyak P5 Moisturizer Berminyak
Moisturizer
P6 Moisturizer Berminyak
PONDS BRIGHT
P7 POND'S BEAUTY PERF Moisturizer Berminyak P7 Moisturizer Berminyak

CRM OILY P8 Moisturizer Kering

Hydrabio Gel-Creme P9 Mask Berminyak
P8 BIODERMA Moisturizer Kering
40 ml P10 Mask Berminyak
Cica Chocomint Clay P11 Mask Berminyak
P9 NPURE Mask Berminyak
Mask P12 Mask Kering
Charcoal Mineral
P13 Toner Sensitif
P10 SNP Black Ampoule Mask Berminyak
P14 Toner Kering
Mask
P15 Toner Normal
Mugwort Pore
P11 WHITELAB Mask Berminyak P16 Toner Normal
Clarifying Mask
P17 Sunscreen Kering
PHILOCALY
P12 Peel Off Mask Peach Mask Kering P18 Sunscreen Kering
SKIN
Noni Probiotics P19 Sunscreen Kering

P13 NPURE "Balance Me" Fine Toner Sensitif P20 Sunscreen Normal
Toner
Blueberry 3) Calculate TF-IDF
P14 INNISFREE Toner Kering
Rebalancing Skin The first step in calculating the TF-IDF algorithm is to
JARTE weight the word or term frequency (tf) between the query and
P15 CICA Care Toner Toner Normal other products.
BEAUTY
White Willow Toner Tabel 4. 4 Term Frequency (TF)
Essence - Centella Kode Kategori Skin Type
PURIVERA
P16 BHA Willow Bark Toner Normal Q P1 Facial Wash Berminyak
BOTANICALS
2% As Salicylic Acid
P2 1 1
Alternative
P3 1 1
Perfect Shield
P4 1 0
P17 ERHA Sunscreen Normal to Sunscreen Kering
P5 0 1
Dry Skin
P6 0 1
Ultra Sheer Dry -
NEUTROGEN P7 0 1
P18 Touch Sunscreen Sunscreen Kering
A P8 0 0
SPF 50+
P9 0 1
Bright Beauty Skin
P10 0 1
P19 POND'S Perfecting Cream Sunscreen Kering
P11 0 1
SPF30
P12 0 0
Hydrasoothe
P20 AZARINE Sunscreen Normal P13 0 0
Sunscreen Mist
P14 0 0
P15 0 0
1) Specifying Query
P16 0 0
The author will take the data scenario on product-1
P17 0 0
which is used as a query that will look for product
recommendations based on the calculation of the TF-IDF P18 0 0

algorithm. The profiles on product-1 are as follows: P19 0 0

5
 P20 0 0 2. Prediction: calculate the predictive value of items
that will be recommended to the User by using the
The next step is to calculate the inverse document frequency Weight Sum algorithm.
(IDF). As an example of a counter, in this process the author will
provide a table of user scenarios and rating of skin care
Tabel 4. 5 Penghitungan IDF product items. The table contains 5 skin care products, and 5
Kode Kategori Skintype users who have rated items.
Q
P1 Facial Wash Berminyak Tabel 4.7 Rating Item
TF 1+1+1 1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1 Produk Produk Produk Produk Produk
Rata-rata
1 2 3 4 5
DF 3 8
𝑛 Nadhila 4 5 4 4,3
20 20
𝑖𝑑𝑓𝑖 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) April 3 3 3
𝑑𝑓𝑖 3 8 Hafshah 3 3 4 3,3
IDF 0.82 0.39 Ulfa 3 4 4 3,6
IDF + 1 1.82 1.39
1) Similarity
Next is the calculation of the weight (W) on each product to The similarity process is the process of calculating the
find the best recommendation results. correlation value between items. In this study, the authors
calculated using an item-based approach, which means
Tabel 4. 6 Nilai Bobot (W) looking for similarities between 2 items that have been equally
Kode Kategori Skin Type rated by the user. In this study, similarity is used to calculate
Jumlah
Bobot the similarity of values between one product and another.
Q P1 Facial Wash Berminyak
For example, the researcher will calculate the correlation
P2 1.82 1.39 3.21
between Product-1 and Product-2 using the Pearson
P3 1.82 1.39 3.21 Correlation Based Similarity algorithm.
1.82 1.82 ∑ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑈(𝑅𝑢,𝑘 − 𝑅̅𝑘 )(𝑅𝑢,𝑙 − 𝑅̅𝑙 )
P4 0 𝑠𝑖𝑚 (𝑘, 𝑙) =
2 2
P5 0 1.39 1.39 √∑ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑈(𝑅𝑢,𝑘 − 𝑅̅𝑘 ) √∑ 𝑢 ∈ 𝑈(𝑅𝑢,𝑙 − 𝑅̅𝑙 )

P6 0 1.39 1.39 (3 − 3,3)(3 − 3,3) + (3 − 3,6)(4 − 3.6)

𝑠𝑖𝑚 (𝑃1, 𝑃2) =
P7 0 1.39 1.39 √(3 − 3,3)2+(3 − 3,6)2 𝑥 √(3 − 3,3)2 + (4 − 3,6)2
0 (−0,3)(−0,3) + (−0,6)(0,4)
P8 0 0 =
1.39 1.39 √(−0,3)2 +(−0,6)2 𝑥 √(−0,3)2 + (0,4)2
P9 0
0,09 + (−0,24)
P10 0 1.39 1.39 =
√(0,09) + (0,36)𝑥 √(0,09) + (0,16)
P11 0 1.39 1.39
0,09 + (−0,24)
=
P12 0 0 0 √ (0,45) 𝑥 √(0,25)
P13 0 0 0 0,09 + (−0,24)
=
P14 0 0 0 0,67𝑥 0,5
−0,15
P15 0 0 0 = = −0,44
0,33
P16 0 0 0
P17 0 0 0 After calculating the correlation between items using the
P18 0 0 0
Pearson Correlation algorithm, the similarity results are
obtained. The results of the Pearson Correlation measurement
P19 0 0 0
are in the form of similarity criteria classification with a value
P20 0 0 0 range of -1 (very dissimilar) to 1 (very similar) with 0 as the
middle value (neutral).
4) Recommendation Result Tabel 4.7 Hasil Similarity
Based on the table, the recommendations can be sorted
Produk 1 Produk 2 Produk 3 Produk 4 Produk 5
from the highest to the lowest values, namely the results
obtained are 3.21, 1.82, and 1.39. Produk 1 1 -0,44 -0,83 -1 1
From the calculation results above, the results for Produk 2 -0,44 1 1 -0,1 0
recommendations based on the Content Based Filtering Produk 3 -0,83 1 1 0 -1
method using the TF-IDF algorithm with the highest weight Produk 4 -1 -0,1 0 1 0
are found in P2 "ELSHESKIN Oily Cleanser Wash" and P3
Produk 5 1 0 -1 0 1
"SAFI Acne Clarifying 2in1 Cleanser" with a value of 3.21
each. So it can be concluded that the recommendations that
will appear first when the user chooses P1 are P2 and P3. 2) Prediction
In this scenario, the author will calculate the predictive
value of items that have not been rated by the User, which will
B. Collaborative Filtering Method Process
later be used as a recommendation item for the User.
The stages in this process are as follows:
Next, calculate the predictive value for Product 3 against
1. Similarity: find the similarity value between items
these two users. Here's how to calculate predictions using the
using the Pearson Correlation Based Similarity
Weighted Sum algorithm calculation.
algorithm.

6
Prediksi Produk-3 pada April: 3) Product View
∑𝑖∈𝑗 𝑟𝑢,𝑖 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑚(𝑖, 𝑗)
𝑃(𝑢, 𝑗) =
∑𝑖∈𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑚(𝑖, 𝑗)
3𝑥1
𝑃(𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑙, 𝑃3) = =3
1
Prediksi Produk-3 pada Hafshah:
∑𝑖∈𝑗 𝑟𝑢,𝑖 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑚(𝑖, 𝑗)
𝑃(𝑢, 𝑗) =
∑𝑖∈𝑗 𝑠𝑖𝑚(𝑖, 𝑗)
3𝑥1
𝑃(𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑙, 𝑃3) = =3
1
After calculating the predictions using the Weighted Sum
equation, the results obtained are Product 3 recommendations
for April Users with a rating prediction of 3 and Hafshah Users
on Product 3 with a rating prediction of 3.

V. IMPLEMENTATION AND TEST RESULTS

A. Implementation Results Gambar 5. 2 Tampilan View Produk
The following are the results of implementing an 4) Display of Similar Product Recommendations
Android-based skin care product recommendation system.
1) Login View.

Gambar 5. 3 Tampilan Rekomendasi Produk Serupa

5) Product Rating Display
Gambar 5. 1 Login
2) Main Page View

Gambar 5. 4 Tampilan Rating Produk

Gambar 5. 1 Tampilan Halaman Utama

7
 6) Rating Recommendation Display April 6 5 1 0,83
Hafshah 6 4 2 0,67
Ulfa 6 4 2 0,67
Miranda 6 6 0 1
Pinka 6 6 0 1
Arindiar 6 6 0 1
Ayu 6 5 1 0,83
Isma 6 4 2 0,67
Nichyta 6 6 0 1
Ika 6 4 2 0,67
Annisa 6 6 0 1
Addini 6 4 2 0,67
Rizka 6 6 0 1
Pramesti 6 2 4 0,33
Elvia 6 3 3 0,5
Chica 6 4 2 0,67

Gambar 5. 5 Tampilan Rekomendasi Rating Sabrina 6 6 0 1

Meida 6 6 0 1
7) History Ranny 6 6 0 1
Rata-rata 4,8 1,2 0,80

2. The results of the accuracy value in the

Collaborative Filtering method
Testing on this method is carried out after the user has
rated the product and received recommendation results
in the form of predicting the rating value. The result of
precision value is 0.88.
Tidak
User Rekomendasi Relevan Precision
Relevan
Nadhila 35 34 1 0,971
April 42 30 12 0,714
Hafshah 43 40 3 0,930
Ulfa 42 37 5 0,880
Miranda 43 39 4 0,906
Gambar 5. 6 Tampilan History
Pinka 42 38 4 0,904

B. System Test Result Arindiar 44 38 6 0,863

a) Accuracy Value Test Results with Precision Ayu 39 31 8 0,794

The precision ratio is the ratio between relevant Isma 40 38 2 0,95

documents and the number of documents found in the Nichyta 42 35 7 0,833
search. Precision is related to the system's ability not to Ika 42 32 10 0,761
call irrelevant documents [24]. Annisa 45 40 5 0,888
By testing the user acceptance test (UAT) by filling
Addini 40 37 3 0,925
out a questionnaire, and then the results will be used as
calculations for precision testing. Questionnaire in the Rizka 39 38 1 0,974

form of user responses to the results of the Pramesti 43 35 8 0,813

recommendations obtained. Whether the Elvia 40 35 5 0,875
recommendations generated by the system are relevant Chica 44 42 2 0,954
or not.
Sabrina 41 38 3 0,926
The test is divided into two parts, namely the
Meida 36 35 1 0,972
Content Based Filtering method and the Collaborative
Filtering method. The following results were obtained: Ranny 34 30 4 0,882
Rata-Rata 36,1 4,7 0,88
1. The results of the accuracy value in the Content
Based Filtering method b) Error Value Test Results with MAE
Testing on this method is done by looking at the results The error rate of the recommendation system is seen
of the recommendations of each product selected by the based on the mean absolute error (MAE), which is the
user. The result is a precision value of 0.80. average of the absolute errors. Where the error is the
difference between the actual rating value and the predicted
Tidak
User Rekomendasi Relevan
Relevan
Precision rating value [25].
Nadhila 6 3 3 0,5 In this test, it is only carried out at the stage of the
Collaborative Filtering method. MAE is calculated by

8
comparing the predicted rating results on the system with the c) System Test Results with Blackbox Testing
original rating made by the user. This test is carried out with At this stage, testing is carried out to observe the results
3 test scenarios. To find out whether the number of users of the input and output of the system. This test is carried out
affects the error rate in the system. If the value of the error at the end of making the system to find out whether the
rate on the MAE is getting smaller, the results of the system can function properly.
recommendations given are getting better. The following Testing is done by running thoroughly all the functions
results were obtained: in the program. To find out whether the system or application
1. Hasil uji 3 user is able to respond well, so that the resulting output is in
User Data Rating Jumlah Nilai Selisih MAE accordance with the needs.
Nadhila 15 14,45 0,963
April 22 15,36 0,698 VI. CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTION
Hafshah 23 28,37 1,233 A. Conclusions
Rata-rata 0.96 Based on the discussion that the author has described, it
can be concluded that:
1. Hybrid method by utilizing two recommendation
2. Hasil uji 5 user
User Data Rating Jumlah Nilai Selisih MAE methods (Content Based Filtering and Collaborative
Nadhila 27 24,77 0.917
Filtering) used can provide good recommendation
performance for users who are able to cover the
April 34 22,38 0.658
shortcomings of each method.
Hafshah 35 38,97 1.113
2. The system is able to provide recommendations in
Ulfa 34 28,75 0.845
terms of product similarity and product assessment
Miranda 36 38,56 1.071 to other users.
Rata-rata 0.92 3. By using a hybrid switching technique combining
the Content-Based Filtering and Collaborative
3. Hasil uji 20 user Filtering methods, it is possible to produce
User Data Rating Jumlah Nilai Selisih MAE recommendations according to user needs.
Nadhila 35 29,37 0,839 4. The recommendation system with the Hybrid
April 42 25,45 0,605 method using these two methods is proven to
Hafshah 43 46,9 1,090 produce precision values with equally good
Ulfa 42 64,04 1,524
performance. In the Content Based Filtering method
Miranda 43 46,48 1,080
with a result of 0.80 and the Collaborative Filtering
method with a result of 0.88. In this case, the
Pinka 42 48.37 1,151
Collaborative Filtering method is more accurate in
Arindiar 44 44,87 1,019
providing skin care recommendations to the user.
Ayu 39 36,63 0,939 This is because the Collaborative Filtering method
Isma 40 23,92 0,598 is able to provide recommendations for more
Nichyta 42 39,97 0,951 products because the rating given is increasing.
Ika 42 42,03 1,00 5. And in the error rate test of the recommendations on
Annisa 45 29,48 0,655 the Collaborative Filtering method, it is proven to
Addini 40 43,95 1,098 produce a smaller error value if the
Rizka 39 31,06 0,796 recommendations given are increasing. By doing 3
Pramesti 43 26,37 0,613
test scenarios, with stages 3 users, 5 users and All
Users (20 users), the following values are obtained:
Elvia 40 24,74 0,618
• Scenario 1 (3 users) = 0.96
Chica 44 35,71 0,811
• Scenario 2 (5 users) = 0.92
Sabrina 41 25,56 0,623
• Scenario 3 (20 users) = 0.88
Meida 36 22,47 0,624
It can be seen that the more ratings given by the user,
Ranny 34 33,18 0.975
the more recommendations are generated. The
Rata-rata 0,88 smaller the error value generated, the better the
recommendations given by the user.
From the table of scenario results above, it can be seen 6. In the Content Based Filtering method, it is very
that, when the scenario test was carried out with 3 users, the useful in providing recommendations for new users
average MAE value was 0.96. And when done with 5 users who have never rated an item, and want to get
get 0.92 results. And when the test scenario is carried out on recommendations. This can solve the cold-start
all users, the results are 0.88. problem in the Collaborative Filtering method.
So it is known that when testing all users, the average
error value is the smallest compared to other scenarios. This B. Suggestion
is because the more users the more ratings are generated, the 1. For further research, it is expected to use a different
more recommendations will be given. algorithm in recommending an item to produce even
better recommendations.

9
 2. For further research, it is hoped that it can be done
implicitly, that is, where the user does not realize he
has provided input to the system.
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