HANDOUT

ENGLISH 1
 UNIT 1
TALKING ABOUT DAILY ACTIVITIY
Present Tense
1. Functions
Present tense has several function.
a. Present tense is used to tell the daily activities or habitual action.
b. Present tense is used to indicate general truth or fact.

2. Pattern
a. Present Tense with ‘Verb’
b. Present Tense with ‘to be’
 c. Present Tense with ‘to have’

3. Modifier of Time
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the words in the parentheses.
1. Bob seldom . . . (wash) dishes.
2. I sometimes . . . (get up) late.
3. He always . . . (enjoy) good food.
4. They seldom . . . (drink) fresh milk.
5. Carol often . . . (go) to the theatre.
6. Father usually . . . (have) breakfast at 7.
7. They always . . . (carry) their books in their book bag.
8. Tom often . . . (watch) television at night.
9. Sally . . . (swim) twice a week.
10. Dick . . . (study) at the university.
11. Does Jim . . . (like) studying Math?
12. Josh . . . (go) to work Every weekday morning at 8 A.M.
13. I . . . (hear) the birds singing many mornings when I . . . (wake) up.
14. Sarah . . . (take) the bus to work often.
15. Jonatan . . . (live) too far from her work to walk.

Exercise 2. Complete the table below by using Present Form.

Exercise 3. Correct the following sentences with “to have” and “to be” form.
1. My sisters all . . . boyfriends.
2. The teacher . . . a yellow shirt.
3. Does he . . . a dog?
4. Tania doesn't . . . enough time for hang out.
5. My cousin and his wife . . . three children.
6. Yes, my friend . . . a sister.
7. Does your friend . . . a sister?
8. My neighbor . . . a mailbox. (negative)
9. Simon . . . two rabbits and five goldfish.
10. She . . . six years old.
11. I . . . from Vienna, Austria.
12. There . . . a big house at the corner of this block.
13. Diandra . . . the best runner in school.

Exercise 4. Correct the verbs in the brackets.

There (to be) six people in my family: my father, mother, three daughters and one
grandmother. I (to be) a third daughter with two elder sisters. My first elder sister (to
be) Natashia; another sister’s name is Nandiya.
My father (to be) the most handsome man because there (to be) no son in my
family. He (work) as a taxi driver. He (love) helping people and meeting new people. He
always (smile) and (thank) to God for everything. He (work) very hard to fulfill all of
our needs.
My mother (to be) also a hard worker. Every morning she (wake) up so early to
cook food then sell it. She (to be) the best chef for us. We (love) her cooking. We usually
(help) her to prepare food to sell. Mother never (forget) to care all people in our family.
We also (live) with our grandmother. She is our father’s mother. We (love) our
grandmother. Sometimes she is talkative but we (know) that she (love) us. She (love)
gardening. She (plant) many flowers in our garden. The flowers (make) our house
beautiful.

Conversation
I Start Work at 5
Daniel : So, do you usually come to the gym in the morning?
Helen : Yeah, I do.
Daniel : Really? What time do you go to work?
Helen : I work in the afternoon. I start work at five.
Daniel : Wow, that’s late. When do you get home at night?
Helen : I usually get home at midnight.
Daniel : Midnight? That is late. What do you do, exactly?
Helen : I’m a TV announcer. I do the weather report on KNTV. Don’t you recognize me?
Daniel : Oh! You’re Helen Black. I love your show! By the way, I’m Daniel....

Assignment
Write your daily activities in your own books. Then, deliver your writing in front of your
class orally.
 UNIT 2
TELL ME ABOUT YOUR FAMILY

Vocabulary
Father X Mother :
Brother X Sister :
Grandfather X Grandmother :
Son X Daughter :
Uncle X Aunt :
Niece X Nephew :
Step mother X Step father :
Step sister X Step brother :
Father in law X Mother in law :
Brother in law X Sister in law :
Foster son X Foster Daughter :
Cousin :
The only one child :
First child :
Last child :
Parents :
Grandparents :
Sibling :

Asking about Families Conversation

Sarah : How many people are in your family?
Riza : There are five people in my family.
Sarah : How many brothers and sisters do you have?
Riza : I have two brothers and two sisters.
Sarah : Wow! You have a nice family.
Riza : Thanks. Tell me about your family.
Sarah : I have one daughter and two sons.
Riza : Wow! You have a nice family, too.

Asking about Families

Rita : Tell me about your brother and sister, sue.
Sue : Well, my sister works for the government.
Rita : Oh, what does she do?
Sue : I’m not sure. She’s working on a very secret project right now.
Rita : Wow! And what about your brother?
Sue : He’s a wildlife photographer.
Rita : What an interesting family! Can I meet them?
Sue : Uh, no. My sister’s away. She’s not working in the united states this month.
Rita : And your brother?
Sue : He’s traveling in the amazon.
Answer these questions based on the dialogue above.
1. What does Sue’s sister work for?
2. What does Sue’s brother do?
3. Where are Sue’s brother and sister now?
4. What do they talk about?

Reading Text About family

MY FAMILY
I will introduce my family to you. My parents are dairy farmers. They always look
busy. My mother, Nobumi, is taller than me. She has short, curly black hair. She has big
eyes. She is very kind. My father, Mitsugu, is smaller than me. He has short, black hair. He
has small eyes. He has a nice smile. My sister, Yoko, is average height. She has short, black
hair. She is older than me by 4 years. She is shy. My brother, Shogo, is big. He has short,
black hair. He wears glasses. He has played baseball since he was 7 years old. My grandpa,
Hidetsugu, is healthy. He is eighty years old. He has short, white hair. I envy your family,
because my family rarely has a party. I want to have a party like your family. Thanks.

Answer these Question based on the text above.

1. What is text about?
2. Where is this family from?
3. How many people are there in that family?
4. How is Nobumi physical appearance?
5. How is Hidetsugu physical appearance?
6. How old is the writer’s sister?
7. How old is Shogo?
8. Who is wearing glasses?
9. What does the writer envy to his friend’s family?
10. Are they happy family?

Grammar Focus
Present Continuous Tense

1. Functions
Present Continuous tense has two functions.
a. It indicates that the activity still happens right now or in progress.
Examples:
 It is raining and I am waiting for my mother to pick me up.
 I am writing this letter to express my feelings to you.
 She is dancing in the rain.

b. It indicates that the activity will happen soon.

 She is spending her holiday in Bangkok next week.
 He is renting a whole theatre for his anniversary tonight.
 My boss is promoting Stacey to be the new manager next month.

2. Pattern
3. Modifier of Time
 right now
 at the moment
 today
 at present
 this month
 this year
 this week
 this semester

4. Exercise. Complete the sentences below using the verbs in the parentheses.
1. What’s the gardener doing? He (water) the flower.
2. Listen! Your father (talk) to a friend right now.
3. Look! The students (play) football in the field now.
4. John (fly, negative) his kite now. He is at school.
5. Amir and Udin (discuss) the material now.
6. Laila and her friends (play) computer game at the moment.
7. Prisila (read) a letter from her mother right now.
8. they (drink) coffee at café now?
9. What you (watch)?
10. Sissy (take care) her sister because her mother is working.

Complete these phone conversations using the Present Continuous

1. A : Hi, Stephanie. What You (do)?
B : Hey, mark. I (stand) in the elevator and it’s stuck!
A : Oh, No! Are you ok?
B : Yeah! I – wait! It (move) now. Thank goodness.

2. A : Marcy, how . . . you and Justin (enjoy) your shopping trip?

B : We (have) a lot of fun.
A : . . . your brother (spend) a lot of money?
B : No, mom! He . . . (buy) Only one or two things. That’s all!

Assignment.
Now is your time to do an individual assignment. Follow the steps below.
1. Make a family tree such the example below.
2. Write about your family, about his/her names, physical appearance, jobs, hobby, etc.
3. Present your writing in front of your class.
 UNIT 3
WHAT IS YOUR HOBBY?

Asking about Hobby Response

 What do you like doing?
 What sort of hobbies do you have?
 What do you do in your free time?
 What do you like to do in your free
time?
 What kinds of hobby do you have?
 How often do you do your hobby?
 When do you start your hobby?
 When do you usually do your hobby?

 I like or I love + Noun/Ving
 I spend a lot of time + Ving
 I am really into + Noun/Ving
 I am quiet into + Noun/Ving
 I am keen on + Noun/Ving
 I enjoy + Noun/Ving
 In my free time, I like+Ving
 I spend my free time . . . + Ving
 I love . . . . + Ving

Conversation 1.
James : Hey!
Arthur : Hey, what’s up?
James : Well nothing really. I’m about to go to the park to play skateboard.
Arthur : You play skateboard?
James : Yeah, It’s my hobby. I play it since I was 7.
Arthur : Wow, that’s cool!
James : Do you want to join with me?
Arthur : No. I can’t play skateboard thanks
James : Well then, what kind of hobbies do you have?
Arthur : I play soccer during my free time.
James : Great, I like that too. There is a field in the park.
Arthur : Really? I’ll get my shoes and go with you to the park then.

Conversation 2.
Lia : Hey, my name is Lia. What’s your name?
Ana : Hey, I am Ana. Nice to meet you.
Lia : Where are you from?
Ana : I am from Indonesia
Lia : Wow, so you are traveler?
Ana : Indeed, I like traveling, that’s my hobby.
Lia : That’s awesome. Are you alone?
Ana : Yes, I’am. Traveling alone like an adventure for me.
Lia : That’s nice though. You are brave.
Ana : How about you? What do you like to do?
Lia : Well, I am interesting on writing and reading.
 Grammar Focus
Preference

There are several patterns to express preference.

1. Pattern 1
S + prefer + Noun/Gerund + to + Noun/Gerund
Examples:
 Bella prefers rose to jasmine.
 Anisa prefers visiting beach to visiting zoo.

2. Pattern 2
S + would rather + V1 + than + V1
Examples:
 The teacher would rather speak English than speak Indonesian.
 My mother would rather cook fried rice than cook fried noodle.

3. Pattern 3
S + like + Noun/Gerund + better than + Noun/Gerund
Examples:
 I like chicken noodle better than meat ball.
 My father likes drinking tea better than drinking coffee.

4. Pattern 4
Subject + had better + infinitive
Subject + had better + not + infinitive
Examples:
 Sandra had better to stay at home on Sunday.
 Novian had better not to go out on Sunday.
Exercise 1. Put the words in the bracket into the correct form.
1. I prefer (wear) light coat to (wear) heavy coat.
2. Prabu prefer (drive) to (travel) by train.
3. We like (play) tennis better than (go) for a swim.
4. Most people would rather (watch) television than (read) a book.
5. They prefer (leave) now to (wait) a few more minutes.
6. My family would prefer (eat) at home rather than (go) to a restaurant.
7. My boss would rather (think) about it for a while than (decide) it now.
8. I would rather (not do) it now than (make) a lot of mistakes.
9. I like (telephone) my parents rather better than (write) them a letter.
10. I like (not go) for work today better than (miss) a reunion gathering.

Exercise 2. Combine the sentences using preferences!

1. She plays golf twice a week. She goes swimming four times a week.
2. I like writing poems. I like reading poems better.
3. He likes Burger. He loves Sandwich very much.
4. They sometimes sing on the stage. They always dance on the stage.
5. We read a short story. We love the novel better.

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences below with to, than, or better than.
1. They like watching film . . . reading a novel.
2. He would rather have ice tea . . . coffee.
3. She prefers cooking . . . going shopping.
4. They would rather swim . . . sing.
5. I like playing games . . . watching films.
6. They like going to the mall . . . staying at home.
7. Sundari would rather face the problem . . . run from it.
8. He prefers driving a car . . . riding a motorcycle.
9. She would rather stay home . . . go shopping.
10. Adi prefer drinking a cup of coffee to tea.

Exercise 4. Choose the correct answer.

1. Since last year Our Daddy prefers . . . 3. Rudy likes …. better than ….
to . . . for no reason. A. type, write
A. fish, hike B. typing, write
B. fish, hiking C. type, writing
C. fishing, hike D. typing, writing
D. fishing, hiking
4. Our friends would prefer …. rather
2. Salma prefers . . . to . . . . than …
A. dance, sing A. read, write
B. dancing, sing B. to read, write
C. dance, singing C. read, to write
D. dancing, singing D. reading, writing
5. They like … better than … A. walk slowly, run
A. exercise, sleep B. to walk slowly, run
B. exercise, sleeping C. to walk slowly, to run
C. exercising, sleeping D. walk slowly, to run
D. exercising, sleep
11. Uncle Sam would rather … than …
6. John would rather … than … A. drive, cycle
A. listen to music, sing B. drive, cycling
B. listening to music, sing C. drive, to cycle
C. to listen to music, to sing D. to drive, cycle
D. listening to music, singing
12. My cousins would prefer … rather
7. Siska and Aliyya would prefer … than…
rather than … A. sing, dance
A. cook, shop B. to sing, dance
B. to cook, shop C. sing, to dance
C. to cook, to shop D. to sing, to dance
D. cook, to shop
13. Shizuka liked …. better than …
8. The students like … better than … A. study, play
A. go to the school, stay at home B. study, playing
B. going to school, stay at home C. studying, playing
C. go to the school, staying at home D. studying, play
D. going to the school, staying at
home 14. Meanwhile Nobita would preferred …
rather than ….
9. My aunty preferred … to … A. play, study
A. watch horror movie, watch action B. to play, study
movie C. play, to study
B. watch horror movie, watching D. to play, to study
action movie
C. watching horror movie, watched 15. Baby Zidni prefers … to ….
action movie A. run, walk
D. watching horror movie, watching B. run, walking
action movie C. running, walk
D. running, walking
10. My grandfather would prefer … rather
than …

Exercise 5. Write a dialog about your hobby (-ies). Then, present your dialog in front
of your class.
 UNIT 4
WHAT IS YOUR FAVOURITE PLACE?

Conversation
Tiara  : Hi Sir, you look confused. Is there anything I can do?
Ben : Oh hi, yes thank God, I am a bit lost, and no one here knows English.
Tiara  : Yeah, what can I do?
Ben  : I'm trying to visit the Gedung Merdeka, but I don't know where it is.
Tiara  : Oh I'm heading there too, maybe I can be your companion?
Ben : Oh lovely, sure yes sure, if it’s okay with you.
Tiara : Yes, of course, let's go. I have my motorbike, over there.
Ben : Oh so this is the place?
Tiara : Yes, do you know how it means for us?
Ben : No, please tell me.
Tiara : This is the historic building, it is used for the Asian–African Conference, the first
Non-Aligned Movement that was held there in 1955. And now, this building has a
museum that is displaying collections and photographs of the Asian–African
Conference.
Ben  : Wow great one. Thank you so much.
Tiara : It's okay Ben, let's go for lunch, shall we?
Ben  : Yes, take me to the traditional food restaurant here.
Tiara  : Sure, lets go.

Monolog
Kerinci Seblat National Park
Kerinci Seblat National Park is one of the largest national parks in Indonesia. Kerinci
Seblat protects almost 14,000 sq kilometres of tropical rain forests in central western
Sumatra running down the Barisan mountain range and its foothills and covering parts of
four provinces. The terrain varies from lowland forests up to the peak of mighty Mt Kerinci
at 3,805 m. This national park is a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Rainforest
Heritage of Sumatra and one of the most important tiger reserves in the world.
The park is dominated by the Barisan mountains. Scenery in many areas is very
spectacular with active and dormant volcanoes including Mount Kerinci, at 3805m the
highest mountain in Sumatra and Indonesia's highest active volcano. The national park
forests protect the headwaters of some of Sumatra's most important rivers which flow
from springs and peat swamps like Ladeh Panjang (Kerinci district) and Danau Kebut
(Merangin district) high in the mountains, as well as many lakes and wetlands. The Great
Sumatra Fault runs through the center of the national park and forms the densely
populated Kerinci valley, which lies in the middle of and is surrounded by national park
forests.
Types of flora are protected in Kerinci Seblat National Park include Kantung Semar
(Nephents Ampularia), orchids, and tropical trees among others. Types of fauna protected
include Sumatran Tigers, bears, deer, various primates and birds among others.
Types of endemic primates are protected in Kerinci Seblat National Park include
Simpai, Ungkou, Siamang (Symphanlangus Syndactylus), monkeys, and long tail monkeys
among others. Types of birds protected include Rangkong, Tohtor and Kuau birds and
eagles among others. Most of these fauna are endangered species.
Adapted from : https://www.indonesia-tourism.com/jambi/kerinci_seblat.html

Answer the following questions based on the text above?

1. Where is Kerinci Seblat National Park?
2. How large is the tropical rain forests that is protected by Kerinci Seblat National Park?
3. What kinds of primates are protected in Kerinci Seblat National Park?
4. Are many types of flora protected there?
5. Mention some birds that are protected in Kerinci Seblat National Park!

Grammar Focus
Adjective and DOSASCOM

An adjective is a word that modifies a noun or a pronoun. In general, the purpose of an

adjective is to describe a noun or pronoun and provide more information about it.

There are two ways that adjectives are used in sentences and clauses:
1. The adjective is right next to the noun/pronoun that it modifies. Most of the time,
adjectives come before the nouns/pronouns they modify, but they can sometimes come
after them.
 The blue birds built a nest. (The adjective blue modifies the noun birds.)
 I was looking for someone else. (The adjective else modifies the pronoun someone.)

2. The adjective follows a linking verb and functions as a subject complement.

The house is old. (The adjective old follows the linking verb is. Old modifies the
noun house as the subject complement of the sentence.)

In either case, it is possible to use multiple adjectives to modify the same noun or pronoun:
 It was a dark and stormy night.
 My big, goofy dog is named Buddy.
 The mirror was crooked, cracked, and dirty.

To arrange the adjectives in good order, we can use the pattern of DOSASCOM. It stands for
Determiner, Opinion, Size, Age, Shape, Colour, Origin, Material. Sometimes we use two or
more adjectives. We put adjectives in this order.
Exercise 1: Arrange the adjectives in the bracket into good order.
1. At home there is (wooden-a-square-table-beautiful) in the dining room.
2. I was offered (gold-an-ring-unusual) by my husband.
3. My grandmother has knitted (new-pullover-nice-woolen-a) for me.
4. I saw (movie-interesting-American-old-an) with friends at home.
5. It may rain! There are (black-big-clouds) floating in the air.
6. It was such (lovely-day-a-sunny) that we decided to go out for a walk.
7. My daughter has (hair-long-beautiful-black).
8. Last week, I visited (village-lovely-a-old-little) in a remote place.
9. The gallery exhibited mainly (old-paintings-strange-French).
10. John was given (adorable-kitten-little-a-black) by his sister
Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer.
B. white and large
1. We used to have lunch on this … every C. large white
day. D. large
A. Wooden round black table
B. Round black wooden table 4. Which sentence uses the correct order
C. Wooden black round table of adjectives?
D. Black round wooden table A. I’d like three good reasons why
you don’t like spinach
2. The house is... B. I’d like a good three reasons why
A. large and white you don’t like spinach.
B. white and large C. I’d like good reasons three why
C. large white you don’t like spinach.
D. White D. I’d like reasons three why you
don’t like spinach.
3. They live in a... house.
A. large and white
5. Which sentence uses the correct order A. little blue, green and white
of adjectives? B. little blue and green and white
A. I like that really big red old antique C. little, blue, green, and white
tractor in the museum D. little, blue

B. I like that really big old red antique
tractor in the museum
C. I like that old, red, really big
antique tractor in the museum.
D. I like that really big antique tractor
in the museum.
6. Which sentence uses the correct order
of adjectives?
A. My brother rode a beautiful big
black Friesian horse in the parade.
B. My brother rode a beautiful
Friesian big black horse in the
parade.
C. My brother rode a big, black,
beautiful Friesian horse in the
parade.
D. My brother rode a Friesian horse
in the parade.
7. My grandmother lives in the... house
on the corner
8. The store carries an assortment of...
objects.
A. interesting new, old and antique
B. new, old, interesting and antique
C. interesting, old and new and
antique
D. new and antique
9. We went for a two-week cruise on a...
ocean liner.
A. incredible brand-new, huge Italian
B. incredible, huge, brand-new Italian
C. Italian incredible, brand-new, huge
D. brand-new Italian
10. I bought a pair of... boots.
A. new, nice, red rain
B. nice new red rain
C. red nice new rain
D. new and nice

Exercise 3. Write a monolog about the description of tourism destination in your city.
After writing it, present it in front of your class.
 UNIT 5
DO YOU HAVE UNFORGETABLE MEMORY?
Read the text below carefully.
Bella : Hi Sandra, how was your vacation?
Sandra : I spent time at my grandmother’s house in Jogjakarta.
Bella : Wow, Jogjakarta is a beautiful city. I once visited one time. What did you visit?
Sandra : I visited Prambanan Temple, Parangtritis, Malioboro, Goa Jomblang, and Cita
Elo Rafting.
Bella : You must be getting a memorable experience.
Sandra : Of course. Before I tell you about my vacation experiences in detail, I want you
to tell me your experience first.
Bella : Okay. I am on vacation to the islands of Derawan in East Kalimantan.
Sandra : Fantastic. Continue your story.
Bella : As many people said that Derawan is a heaven for divers. I also think so. When
diving in the sea around the archipelago of Derawan, I saw a lot of coral,
plants, and the fish which were so beautiful. Derawan has a completely natural
sea and you should try it.
Sandra : It was a truly impressive. I’ve heard about the beauty of the sea in Derawan and
last year I was supposed to go there, but my father did not allow. And tell
more about your story, Bella.
Bella : When diving, I saw a lot of green and hawksbill turtles. You can certainly
imagine how beautiful the sea in Derawan, right?
Sandra : It was too beautiful for only being imagined. One day, I have to get there.
Bella : Of course. In Derawan, I also visited a laguna, a lake in which many jellyfish
swam upside down.
Sandra : Laguna in Derawan island is so famous!
Bella : Yes. That’s right. Regarding to Jogjakarta, I have several times visited
Prambanan Temple and Malioboro Street. I want to hear the stories about Goa
Jomblang.
Sandra : Of course. I’ll tell you. It is a cave in which there is the Ancient Forest inside it.
You are like being in another world when going into it. Then, at 10:00 to 12:00,
you will see a light from the sky which penetrates the cave. The light is
commonly referred to as the light of heaven.
Bella : It was an amazing experience. I really want to go there.

Answer the following questions based on the dialog above.

1. Where did Sandra go in her last vacation?
2. What did she visit?
3. Where did Bella spend her holiday?
4. What does Derawan island look like?
5. What did Bella see when diving?
6. Why did Sandra not go to Derawan island last year?
7. What is laguna?
8. What does Goa Jomblang look like?
 Grammar Focus
Past Tense

Past Tense
1. Function
Past tense is used to indicate an activity that happened in a specific time in the past.

2. Pattern
a. Past Tense with Verb

b. Past Tense with “to be”

To
Be

was were

I, he, she, they, we,

it you
3. Modifier of Time
Exercise 1. Write the verb in the brackets in the correct Past form.
1. I . . . (be) very happy because my mother . . . (give) me a new dress.
2. They . . . (not/ go) to school yesterday because there . . . (be) a storm.
3. James . . . (not/ sleep) well last night because he still . . . (have) many works to finish.
4. We . . . (not/ be) hungry, so we . . . (not/ eat) anything.
5. I . . . (not/ take) the bus to school because I . . . (forget) to bring my money.
6. She . . . (buy) many novels and encyclopedias yesterday because she . . . (want) to give it
to school library.
7. (Be) they very happy on their wedding day?
8. We . . . (invite) them to our party but they . . . (decide) not to come.
9. She . . . (pass) her examination because she . . . (study) very hard.
10. This house . . . (cost) Rp 35,000,000.00 in 1990.
11. I . . . (be) thirsty, so I . . . (drink) water very quickly.
12. I . . . (go) to joe’s house but he . . . (not/be) at home.
13. The window . . . (not, be) open and a bird . . . (not/fly) into the room.
14. . . . (be) weather bad when You . . . (be) on holiday?
15. The strong wind . . . (blow) off her hat.

Exercise 2. Complete the table below by using Past Tense form.

(+) (-) (?)

Mr. Rahmad asked all ………………………………………… …………………………………………
students to do experiment
this morning.

………………………………………… We didn’t go back to …………………………………………

Semarang at 3 o’clock
yesterday afternoon.

………………………………………… ………………………………………… Did Tim visit his uncle in

Palembang on last holiday?

My family and I left for ………………………………………… …………………………………………

Yogya at 7 o’clock yesterday
morning.

………………………………………… Dina did not enjoy the last …………………………………………

Saturday party.

………………………………………… ………………………………………… Did you have very funny

experience on my first day
at school?
Exercise 3. Choose the correct answer in each number.
1. Did architects ... the apartment in 6. My family ... to the museum last
2010? holiday.
A. build A. go
B. built B. has gone
C. is building C. went
D. will build D. goes
E. has built E. is going

2. I ... my grandmother three days ago. 7. Isabella ... a sandwich before breakfast
A. visit this morning.
B. visits A. prepared
C. is visiting B. was preparing
D. visited C. had prepared
E. had visited D. prepare
E. prepares
3. Tiffany's cat ... sick last week.
A. is 8. The weather ... that good two days ago.
B. are A. were not
C. was B. was not
D. were C. is not
E. am D. are not good
E. is
4. My mom ... at home by 6 o'clock.
A. arrived 9. The teacher …. a note to Bobi’s
B. was arriving parents.
C. had arrived A. write
D. arrive B. written
E. arrives C. wrote
D. writes
5. He ... very pale yesterday at 3 p.m. E. is writing
A. was
B. were 10. They …. what the teacher said in class
C. had been yesterday.
D. has been A. understood
E. is B. understand
C. has understood
D. will understood
E. had understood

Exercise 4. Write your unforgettable experience in paragraphs.

 UNIT 6
CAN YOU OPERATE THIS PRINTER?

Read the dialog carefully!

Situation : Tifani is in the electronic store in the supermarket, she is alone
without someone. She finds the printer to make easy in printing.
A shopkeeper : Good morning, what can I do for you?
Tifani : Good morning too. I am looking for a printer
A shopkeeper : We have many kinds of electronics tool, especially a printer. Let you
see
Tifani : How about this brand?
A shopkeeper : It is the newest brand
Tifani : Can you tell me how to operate it?
A shopkeeper : Ok with my pleasure, first of all, you have to check the electricity
connection by inserting the plug into the socket. Second, install the
printer driver with your computer. After that, you have to print a
test page to check whether the printer is success or not.
Tifani : Must I print the test page before printing?
A shopkeeper : No, you must not.
Tifani : What should I do after that?
A shopkeeper : Open the document which you want to print.
Tifani : I see
A shopkeeper : Then you find the file “print”

Answer the following questions based on the dialog above!

1. Where does the dialog take place?
2. What will Tifani find in that store?
3. How many steps are there in the dialogue?
4. What is the ending of the step?
5. Will Tifani buy it?

How to Use Iron

Ivon : Mirta, What is your busy today?
Mirta : I'am not busy Ivon.
Ivon : Can you tell me about how to operate iron?
Mirta : Sure, I can help you.
Ivon : What the first step, Mirta?
Mirta : Prepare an iron, then plug the iron cable to an electric socket. Wait until the iron
become hot.
Ivon : How step after the iron hot?
Mirta : Prepare a shirt or trousers you want to iron place it on a flat surface.
Ivon : What the step after prepare a shirt or trousers?
Mirta : Put the iron on the shirt or trousers and move it to the right and left. Do it until
they become smooth.
Ivon : What the last step I should do?
Mirta : The last step, you fold the clothes you have ironed.
Ivon : That's very helpful, Mirta. Thanks.
Mirta : You're welcome Ivon.

GRAMMAR FOCUS
MODALS

1. Definition of Modals
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special
verbs that behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like
"work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of the main
verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.

2. Characteristics
a. They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
b. They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)
c. They are used to indicate modality and allow speakers to express certainty,
possibility, willingness, obligation, necessity, ability.

3. Functions
Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:
 Permission
 Ability
 Obligation
 Prohibition
 Lack of necessity
 Advice
 possibility
 probability

4. Example of Modals
Here is a list of modals with examples:

Modal Verb Expressing Example

Strong obligation You must stop when the traffic lights

turn red.
must
logical conclusion / He must be very tired. He's been
Certainty working all day long.

must not prohibition You must not smoke in the hospital.

can ability I can swim.

permission Can I use your phone, please?

 possibility Smoking can cause cancer.

ability in the past When I was younger I could run fast.

polite permission Excuse me, could I just say

could
something?

possibility It could rain tomorrow!

permission May I use your phone, please?

may
possibility, probability It may rain tomorrow!

polite permission Might I suggest an idea?

might possibility, probability I might go on holiday to Australia
next year.

lack of necessity/absence I need not buy tomatoes. There are

need not
of obligation plenty of tomatoes in the fridge.

50 % obligation I should / ought to see a doctor. I

have a terrible headache.

should/ought advice You should / ought to revise your

to lessons

logical conclusion He should / ought to be very tired.

He's been working all day long.

had better advice You'd better revise your lessons

Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences using can/may/must should. Sometimes

you need the negatives.
1. My father is very smart. He ________ speak five languages.
2. Look! The girl is falling into the river. We ________ rescue her now.
3. Tom gets failed in his exams. I think he ________ study harder.
4. There is nobody in the room now. They ________ go out to buy something.
5. If you don’t bring your dictionary, you ________ borrow mine now.
6. You ________ touch the wall. My father has just painted it.
7. You ________ care about her since she loves you very much.
8. John is absent from school today. He ________ be sick.
9. The bus 1 has just left. We ____wait another later.
10. Sorry, I am very busy now. I ________ help you.
11. Every student…….. pay the tuition each month.
12. Tim is sick. He…… be hospitalized.
13. Excuse me……. tell me where the nearest restaurant is?
14. She is not here, she…….be in the library.
15. When my brother was kid, he………… play the game.

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answer.

1. Your glass is empty. …. I get you some 6. You…………….. permit to your mother if
more fresh water? you go to school.
A. shall A. must
B. will B. may
C. can C. mustn’t
D. should D. would
E. shall have E. shall

2. We …. like to visit that new store some 7. She . . . Come here tomorrow.
day. A. will
A. shall B. can
B. will C. must
C. can D. may
D. would E. might
E. shall have
8. He . . . speak English well if he took
3. You are sick, but you don’t come to the English course.
hospital to see a doctor. You …. visit A. will
him soon. B. can
A. would C. could
B. could D. may
C. should E. may not
D. will
E. can 9. You seem to be having trouble there. . .
I help you?
4. “Rini is old enough. She …. know A. would
better than the others about it. B. will
A. will C. shall
B. could D. should
C. must E. might
D. may be
E. can
 
5. They. . . study hard because next April
they will take the examination. 10. I have lived in England for two years,
A. will so I _____ speak English fluently.
B. should A. can
C. can B. will
D. must C. may
E. may D. shall
E. must
Exercise 3. Make a dialog about “How to use something”. Then practice your dialog in front
of your class.
 UNIT 7
HAVE YOU EVER GONE ABROAD?

Read the dialog carefully!

Abby : Hi Allison, I haven’t seen you for ages. Where have you been?
Allison: Hi, Abby. I have just visited my granny abroad.
Abby : Oh, I see. But wait… I think you’ve visited your grandma before, haven’t you?
Allison: Yes, I have visited her three times this year. She was sick two weeks ago so we
went to America again.
Abby : How is your grandma now?
Allison: She is better. She is in my house now.
Abby : Really? How long has she been here?
Allison: She has been here for three days. Actually she has missed her children and
grandchildren. That’s why she was sick.
Abby : Oh, sickness because of missing people she loves. I guess she will be well soon.
Send my warm regard to your grandmother.
Allison: I think so. Okay, I will send it to her. Thanks, Abby.
Abby : You’re welcome.

Read the text carefully, then answer the questions.

Today is 16th August and tomorrow is my sister’s birthday. Her name is Kristal. I
want to give her a surprise. I have talked to some of her friends. They have helped me to
prepare a surprising party. We have discussed it since July.
We are going to celebrate my sister’s birthday in a small restaurant near my house.
Our parents have also agreed it. The restaurant has been booked by our parents.
What about the birthday present? No worries, I have prepared it too. She loves art
very much. I have made a painting for her. I hope she will like it. But I haven’t wrapped
the painting because it hasn’t dried yet.
Have you ever celebrated someone’s birthday?

Questions.
1. Who is Kristal?
2. How long has the writer prepared a surprise party for her sister?
3. Where will the party be held?
4. Will the writer give a gift? What is it?
5. What does the writer’s sister like?

GRAMMAR FOCUS
Present Perfect
1. Functions
There are three functions of Present Perfect
a. To tell an activity that completely happen in unspecific time in the past.
Example:
Fernanda has traveled to Brazil.
 b. To tell an activity that happen more than once in the past.
Example:
My family has gone to Japan three times.
c. To tell an activity that begin in the past and still happen right now.
Example:
They have tried finishing their work.

2. Pattern

I/You/We/They + have + V3 (been) + O/C

He/She/It + has + V3 (been) + O/C

I/You/We/They + have + not + V3 (been) + O/C

He/She/It + has + not + V3 (been) + O/C

Have + I/You/We/They + V3 (been) + O/C?

Has + He/She/It + V3 (been) + O/C?

3. Examples
 You have grown since the last time I saw you.
 The government has become more interested in arts education.
 I think I have seen that movie before.
 Joan has studied two foreign languages.
 I’ve been to Bali three times. Have you ever been there?
 How many times have you traveled abroad?
 James has not finished his homework yet.
 The army has attacked that city five times.
 I have had four quizzes and five tests so far this semester.

4. Modifier of Time
 yet
 already
 just
 ever
 never
 for
 since

Exercise 1. Correct the sentences below by using verbs in the brackets.

1. (tell) I ever . . . you about my girlfriend?
2. The weather (not, be) warm lately.
3. John and Mary (quarrel) with each other since the day they got married.
4. We (have) problems with our new car recently.
5. The earth (be) here for billions of years.
6. The patient (take) penicillin for several days now.
7. They (live) in San Francisco since they arrived in the USA 20 years ago.
8. He got ill five weeks ago and _______ yet. (not recover)
9. Everyone in the Middle East _______ about the situation for decades. (worry)
10. Where _______ the money? (you, hide)
11. I’m still waiting for an answer. They _______ up their minds yet. (not make)
12. Our daughter _______ lipstick since she was 16. (wear)
13. It _______ hard since last night. (rain)
14. Cuba _______ a socialist country since 1959. (be)
15. I’m tired because I _______ well lately. (not feel)

Exercise 2. Choose the FALSE option, then correct it in each number.

1. My sister have (a) cleaned (b) her(c) room recently.
2. My friend (a) has readed (b) my letter since I was(c) at home.
3. No body have(a) solved(b) this problem for(c) several days.
4. How many book(a) has(b) you bought(c) since last year?
5. Ani and Tyas hasn't(a) meet(b) each other since(c) they were here.
6. Everyone have(a) been(b) at their own place since(c) last hour.
7. Many birds have(a) been(b) on the branch of my avocado tree for several minute(c).
8. No one(a) have(b) been(c) at this place since you came.
9. The rain haven't (a) been(b) too long(c) so we can't go anywhere.
10. With who (a) have (b) you been(c) at this room lately ?

Choose the correct answer in each number.

A. attend
1. Since the tragedy, his family . . . with B. attended
the neighbor. C. has attended
A. has engaged D. have attended
B. have engaged E. am attending
C. has engaging
D. has been engaged 4. Anna . . . the movie “Inception” in the
E. has been engaging cinema yet.
A. is not seeing
2. Everyone . . . this job well for several B. doesn’t see
weeks. C. didn’t see
A. does D. have seen
B. did E. hasn’t seen
C. has done
D. had done 5. They . . . their grandmother several
E. have done times.
A. have visited
3. I . . . any parties since I lived in this B. visit
town. C. visited
 D. has visited A. listen
E. had visited B. listening
C. have listened
6. Bagas : You look so unhappy, D. has listened
Nata. What’s the problem? E. listens
Nata : My father . . . . . his job.
A. had lost 9. He . . . the M.A. Examination this year
B. has just lost yet.
C. have just lost A. has taken
D. is losing B. hasn’t taken
E. loses C. have taken
D. had taken
7. Shane . . . around the world with his E. took
best friends.
A. travels 10. Has your team . . . the competition?
B. have traveling A. win
C. is traveling B. wins
D. has traveled C. won
E. traveled D. winning
E. will win
8. I . . . music for 15 minutes, it’s very
good

Assignment.
 UNIT 8
PRONOUNS
Read the following dialog carefully.
Dialog 1
Maya : Hey Doni! What are you doing?
Doni : Hi Maya. My dad asked me to take something from his car.
Maya : Are you taking that box? What's inside the box?
Doni : It's my father's toolbox. There are screwdrivers, drill, and any other tools inside
the toolbox.
Maya : Are you fixing something?
Doni : Yes, my dad is putting a family photo on the wall, so he needs these tools.
Maya : Alright then. I think I have to go now. See you later, Doni!
Doni : See you later, Maya.

Dialog 2
Riska : Good morning, Yaya.
Yaya : Hello, Riska. Looks like you weren't brought by your father this morning?
Riska : Yes, Yaya. I was accompanied by my aunt, she just come from Semarang.
Yaya : Your aunt stays at your house?
Riska : That's right. My aunt come to Jakarta to visits my family and have a vacation, so
she staying at my family's house.

GRAMMAR FOCUS
PRONOUNS
 1. Subject pronouns
Subject pronouns occur in the subject position of a sentence or after the verb be.
Example:
 Lina came to my house yesterday. She was giving me a birthday surprise.
 Toni and Andi are best friends. They have similar hobbies too.

2. Object pronouns
Object pronouns occur in complement position, whether they complement.
Example:
 I wanted a new phone. My father bought me one two days ago. 
 “We were at your party last week. Did you notice us?” 

3. Possessive adjective
Possessive adjectives are not the same as possessive pronouns. These simply
modify, rather than replace, nouns; possessive pronouns replace nouns. Possessive
forms indicate ownership.
Example:
 She forgets her homework this morning.
 The boy broke his arm yesterday.
 The cat has injured its foot.

4. Possessive pronoun
These pronouns cannot precede a noun. They are pronouns and thus replace the
noun. The noun is understood from the context and is not repeated.
Example:
 This is my book. There is a book on the table. This is mine.
 Your teacher is the same as his teacher. Yours is the same as his.
 Our books are heavy. Ours are heavy.

5. Reflexive pronouns
These pronouns usually follow the verb and indicate that the subject is both giving
and receiving the action.
Example:
 I washed clothes by myself.
 She served herself in the cafeteria.
 We hurt ourselves playing football.
 They were talking among themselves.

Exercise 1. Complete each sentence by choosing the correct pronoun.

1. It is up to (you / yours / yourself) to decide.
2. Is she really as innocent as (she / her / you) pretends to be?
3. People who work overtime usually do (it / they / themselves) for a good reason.
4. Why were you all late? Would you like to explain (you / yourselves / yours)?
5. They had a great party and really enjoyed (themselves / theirs / they).
6. They found that (he / him / himself) was the one who had taken the money.
7. He wanted the group to treat (he / them / him) as an equal.
8. I think he has been working pretty hard, as far as (he / me / one) can tell.
9. (them / they / theirs) is an odd way of doing things.
10. Is it for (them / they / themselves) to find out if they want to come.
11. We were very sorry and ashamed of (we / us / ourselves) for causing trouble.
12. He has succeeded in a situation which is much more difficult than (me / I / mine).
13. She needs to develop a bit more confidence in (she / herself / her).
14. (our / ourselves / we) all think he is doing the right thing.
15. That is not (us / our / ourselves) responsibility, I am afraid.

Exercise 2. Fill the blanks with the correct possessive adjective!

1. Is this Jane’s dog? Yes it is ______ dog.
2. The dog is chasing ______ own tail.
3. Pedro and Isabel are Spanish. ______ family is from Spain.
4. Juan is not at school. ______ father took him to the doctor.
5. Beatriz is married. She showed us ______ ring today.
6. Jose and Maria are dancers. ______ older brother is a singer.
7. Pepe and I have an English class together. ______ teacher is Ms. Smith.
8. My family has a dog. ______ dog’s name is Lady.
9. The teacher told me not to bring ______ cell phone to school.
10. Jane has already eaten her lunch, but John saving . . . lunch until later

Exercise 3. Complete the sentence with object pronoun.

1. I can't send this letter to her. Could you send ... for me?
2. Those books are good. I want to read ...
3. Did you meet Mariana yesterday? I phoned ... but no answer.
4. We are going to visit you. Is it possible for ... to visit you?
5. I can't do this task alone. Can you help ...?
6. He's beginner. Give ... some more time to finish it.
7. Today is your birthday. I don't forget about ...
8. Rosma is very beautiful and smart. Do you know ...?
9. My father asks me to come, but I am afraid I can't visit ...
10. I want to help you. Please tell ... about your problem.

Exercise 4. Choose the correct answer.

1. She has a new doll, ______doll is very C. her
big. D. their
A. his
B. her 3. Diana calls me, _______voice is so loud.
C. our A. his
D. its B. him
C. her
2. They will buy some foods, _______foods D. their
are so delicious.
A. his 4. My name is Yona and ______name is
B. him Sinta.
 A. his 10. They love______, because I never hurt
B. him them.
C. her A. me
D. their B. him
C. her
5. They love…… so much because I am D. our
their daughter.
A. me 11. I am so proud with______, she is so kind
B. her with me.
C. his A. him
D. your B. her
C. their
6. ________book is so interesting, Nana D. our
buys it in the bookstore.
A. his 12. My book is so expensive, _______ needs
B. him much money.
C. her A. their
D. your B. our
C. its
7. Diana loves Alex, because _____ D. your
attitude is very good.
A. his 13. Diana is so beautiful, ____likes to make
B. her up.
C. its A. he
D. their B. she
C. her
8. My name is Yona May Rahayu, _______ D. his
is from my father.
A. his 14. I like a doll, ______is very cute.
B. her A. she
C. it B. they
D. their C. it
D. he
9. He loves ______ so much, because I am
very kind. 15. I love my house, ______ window is very
A. me big.
B. his A. their
C. her B. her
D. their C. his
D. its

Assignment.
After studying pronouns, now write a dialog that uses pronouns in it. The topic is
free.
 UNIT 9
WHAT WILL YOU DO NEXT HOLIDAY?
Read the following dialog carefully.
Dialog 1
Tiara : “Dear, how was the meeting?”
Leo : “It went well. But I’m afraid I need to leave for London. I need to discuss
with the manager of our restaurant there.”
Tiara : “How long will you be away?”
Leo : “I won’t get back until Friday night or Saturday afternoon, at least.”
Tiara : “Can you please try to come home on Friday? Our son is turning 1 next
Friday.”
Leo : “Oh my God! I really forget about his birthday! Sure, I will try to come
home before Friday.”
Tiara : “Well you work too hard that you forget your own son’s birthday.”
Leo : “I work for you and our son. For us.”
Tiara : “I know it. Will you also buy something for him as a present?”
Leo : “Of course. I look for something food in London before I come home.”
Tiara : “That’s great. He will be very happy.”

Dialog 2
Anto : What are you going to do after graduate?
Desi : Actually, I haven’t thought about that yet, but I think I’m going to try
finding a job because I really need money. What are you going to do?
Anto : I’m going to continue studying for a master’s degree. At the same time, I’m
also planning to find a part-time job.
Desi : That’s cool! What major are you going to take?
Anto : I’m going to take business administration major. I even already enrolled
for the entrance test.
Desi : Wow, you are so fast! When will the test be held?
Anto : It will be held next month, but I don’t remember the exact date.
Desi : No wonder you’ve been studying very hard lately even though we’re going
to have graduation ceremony this Friday.
Anto : Yup, I have no choice but to study for the test.
Desi : I know. I hope you will pass the test.
Anto : Thanks, Desi. I also hope you will get a job as soon as you graduate.

Answer the following questions based on the text above.

Dialog 1
1. Where will Leo go?
2. When will he go home?
3. Why does he forget his son’s birthday?
4. What will he buy for his son?
Dialog 2
1. What is Desi going to do after her graduation?
2. Why is Desi going to get work after graduation?
3. Is Anto going to work or continue studying after his graduation?
4. When is the graduation going to be held?
5. Who is going to have a part time job?

GRAMMAR FOCUS
FUTURE TENSE

1. Future Tense
a. Function
Future tense is a kind of tense that is used to refer to events that will happen in the
future.
b. Pattern

c. Examples
 I will give a speech in the program.
 Alice will assist you in this case.
  She will be a successful engineer in 3 years.
 Will you come to the party?
 When will you travel?
 It won’t be very cold next week.

2. Be going to

Example:
 I am going to see a play tonight.
 It's late so I don't think he's going to do his homework tonight.
 Look at those clouds. It's going to rain soon.
 We're not going to see my mother this summer.
 My favorite team is going to play tomorrow evening.
 He's going to tell his boss he's resigning today.
 I'm afraid they're not going to read the whole report.

3. Present Continuous
 Example:
 My family is having dinner at 7 tonight.
 We are visiting our grandparents tomorrow.
 I am finishing my work tonight.

4. Plan/want

Example:
 Dania plans to go abroad after finishing her study.
 My uncle wants to buy a new house.
 My parents plan to ask us to have vacation.
 I want to send my sister a birthday gift.

Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences with will or will be.

1. I am sure we … pass the exam.
2. I don’t think the test … very difficult.
3. She … angry if I am late.
4. They … come here soon.
5. I wonder where we … 30 years from now.
6. He … wash his car.
7. Look at the clouds. It … rain soon.
8. I … buy something for lunch.
9. She … nice to you because of the gift.
10. We … the players.

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences below with be going to form.

1. Secondly, I . . . visit Ina’s house.
2. So, we . . . swim in her swimming pool.
3. Children . . . finish the Science project tomorrow afternoon.
4. I . . . make pizza this weekend. (negative)
5. . . . we . . . learn Spanish after school?
6. Somebody . . . wash their clothes tomorrow.
7. Susan . . . buy a new car after graduation.
8. She . . . write a story about her mother. (negative)
9. Vanda . . . be the second female leader.
10. We . . . go on holiday next year.

Exercise 3. Complete the table below by using Future Tense form.

(+) (-) (?)

Ulfa will celebrate her ………………………………………… …………………………………………
birthday tonight.
………………………………………… Rani will not come to the …………………………………………
office tomorrow
………………………………………… ………………………………………… Will Andi buy a new bike
next week?
Dinda will go to library next ………………………………………… …………………………………………
week.
………………………………………… Raisa will not finish her …………………………………………
work next Saturday.
………………………………………… ………………………………………… Will Sarah cook fried
noodles tonight?
They are going to eat in the ………………………………………… …………………………………………
restaurant later.
………………………………………… Panji is not going to sleep at …………………………………………
hotel tonight.
………………………………………… ………………………………………… Is Hanung going to swim
three days later?
Assignment
After studying future tense, please write your plan both short and long plan. Then present
your plan in front of the class.
 UNIT 10
COMPARISON DEGREE
The City and the Country

David : How do you like living in a big city?

Maria : I like it so much more than living in the country. There are many things that make
it better.
David : Oh, really? Can you give me some examples?
Maria : Well, it certainly is more interesting out in the city than it is in the country. There
is so much more to do and see!
David : Yes, but the city is more dangerous than the country.
Maria : That's true. People in the city aren't as open and friendly as those in the
countryside, and the streets aren't as safe.
David : I'm sure that the country is more relaxed, too!
Maria : Yes, the city is busier than the country. However, the country feels much slower
than the city.
David : I think that's a good thing!
Maria : Oh, I don't. The country is so boring! Being in the country is much more boring
than being in the city.
David : How about the cost of living? Is the country cheaper than the city?
Maria : Oh, yes. Living in the city is more expensive than in the country.
David : Life in the country is also much healthier than in the city.
Maria : Yes, it's cleaner and less dangerous in the country. But, the city is so much more
exciting. It's faster, crazier and more fun.
David : I think you are crazy for moving to the city.
Maria : Well, I'm young now. Maybe when I'm married and have children I'll move back to
the country.

GRAMMAR FOCUS
COMPARISON

Positive
Degree

Comparative
Degree

Superlative
Degree
1. Positive Degree
 Characteristic
In positive degree, there is no comparison yet. The characteristic of positive degree
is . . . .as + adjective/adverb + as. . . .

 Pattern

S + P (to be/verb) + as adjective/adverb as + O

 Examples
- I want to be as strong as my father.
- Irene is as pretty as Suzy.
- The task is not as difficult as you imagine.
- My brother drives as carefully as my father in the residential area.
- This blue sofa is as comfortable as the red one.

2. Comparative Degree
 Characteristic
There is “than” in comparative degree sentence.

 Pattern

S + P (to be/verb) + adjective + er + than + O

S + P (to be/verb) + more + adjective + than + O

 Example
- My father is stronger than me.
- Diana is taller than Putri.
- The Math test is more difficult than Biology test.
- The blue sofa is more comfortable than the red sofa.

3. Superlative Degree
 Characteristic
There is “the” in superlative degree sentence.

 Pattern

S + P (to be/verb) + the + adjective + est + O

S + P (to be/verb) + the + most + adjective + O

  Example
- My father is the strongest man.
- Diana is the tallest girl.
- The Math test is the most difficult.
- The blue sofa is the most comfortable.

Exercise 1. Correct the adjectives in the parentheses into correct form of Comparison
degree
1. This room was (comfortable) than my room.
2. Ikhwan looked as (handsome) as Andi
3. Indana talked the (loud) of all the audiences.
4. I’m (bored) to watch TV than read books.
5. I want to be as (strong) as Dwayne Johnson
6. That news was (shocking) than the previous one.
7. Soffi smiles the (sweet) in the class.
8. Grammar is (easy) to learn than mathematics
9. This is the (convenient) room in this apartment.
10. Retmi is as (popular) as Djafar.
11. Neni will get the (high) score in her faculty.
12. My tree will be (tall) than this house.
13. One of the (big) mall in this city is the Gardenia Mall.
14. This picture is (interesting) than the one he has.
15. His motorcycle is (good) than yours.

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences below into communicative English.

1. Rumah sakit ini memberikan pelayanan sebaik rumah sakit yang lainnya.
2. Anak saya tumbuh secepat dengan anak pada umumnya.
3. Biaya di rumah sakit Permata lebih mahal dari pada di rumah sakit Berlian.
4. Rumah sakit ini mempunyai layanan terbaik diantara rumah sakit yang lain.
5. Untuk sebagian orang, asuransi kesehatan adalah prioritas yang paling penting.
6. Jane menjadi orang yang paling bahagia setelah dia sembuh dari kanker.
7. Anda harus istirahat lebih banyak agar kondisi anak lebih cepat pulih.
8. Tensi anda lebih tinggi dari pada tadi pagi.
9. Saya merasa bahwa keadaan jauh lebih baik sekarang.
10. Apotik Delima sekarang buka lebih lama.

Exercise 3. Correct the adjectives in the parentheses into Comparative form.

1. Her cook is ………………… (spicy) than my mother cook.
2. The building is ……………. (high) than his company.
3. Rony’s design is ……………………. (bad) than other designs.
4. Living in London is ………………………. (expensive) than New York.
5. She couldn’t be ……………………… (thrilled) to work with him.
6. Do you have a …………………………. (sharp) knife than this?
7. The harvest this month is …………………………. (little) than zero.
8. What is ………………….. (important) than family?
9. The banana flaky is ………………………. (crunchy) than cassava flaky.
10. The patient needs ……………….. (much) support after the accident.

Exercise 4. Correct the adjectives in the parentheses into Superlative form.

1. I want to get a job the ……………………… (good) before thirties.
2. My sister always gets a winner in the class. She is the……………………… (diligent) child in
my family.
3. His performance is the …………… (bright) among other stars.
4. Clara’s hair is the……………. (curly) among her sisters.
5. I am the………………………. (embarrassed) person here because I wear wrong costume.
6. The spring garden is the………………. (lovely) garden because there are many kinds of
beautiful flowers.
7. Rio is a kind person but he is the ………………… (compassionate).
8. Koenigsegg Jesko is the ……………… (expensive) car in the world.
9. I think Amanda is the ……………………. (wealthy) student in this class.
10. This is no doubt the …………………… (exciting) thing that you ever do.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct answer in each sentence.

1. I’m so impressed, your masterpiece is 5. For the engagement, she wants the …
… than mine. ring on the world.
A. good A. expensive
B. better B. expensiver
C. best C. most expensive
D. more good D. more expensive

2. My new homework is … than the old 6. She is the … woman I’ve ever met.
one. A. bad
A. easy B. baddest
B. easier C. most bad
C. easiest D. worst
D. more easy
7. Last night I got the … meal than
3. I don’t like Math, I think it’s the … anyone in Lisa’s party.
subject for every student. A. little
A. most hard B. less
B. harder C. least
C. hardest D. many
D. more hard
8. This is the … money I’ve ever gotten in
4. Wow, your current boyfriend is … a day.
than Rury. A. many
A. wise B. more
B. wiser C. most
C. wisest D. many more
D. more wise
9. I can’t do this chemistry homework,
it’s as … as the previous one.
 A. difficult C. easiest
B. difficulter D. most easy
C. difficultest
D. more difficult 13. I’m so jealous of you, you got the …
score of match. It was so close for me.
10. Let’s go to your home at first, it’s … A. most good
than the others. B. better
A. near C. best
B. nearer D. goodest
C. nearest
D. more near 14. Who is the … student in your school?
A. tall
11. Your sweet seventeen no less … than B. taller
your sixteen’s party. C. tallest
A. luxurious D. most tall
B. more luxurious
C. most luxurious 15. Which one is the … between My bag or
D. luxuriousest yours?
A. heavy
12. Let me tell you that I got the … than B. heavier
other students. C. heaviest
A. more easy D. more heavy
B. easier

Exercise 6. Make a conversation that use comparison degree form in it.

 UNIT 11
CONJUNCTION
Dialog 1
Agil : Do you love travelling to Jakarta?
Ayu : Yes, I was travelling to Dufan when I was 9 with my parents.
Ninuk : How if we go there in this summer?
Agil : Interesting.
Ayu : How much do we spent the ticket?
Ninuk : It is about Rp.260.000,-
Ayu : Wow so expensive.
Agil : Yes, I guest so.
Ninuk : But we can use the card they will give to the member to visit free in one year with
no charge.
Ayu : Really? It means we can play one year freely entrance.
Ninuk : For sure.
Agil : Ok, let’s we plan to go there the second day after we free in the summer. It means 7
July in this year.
Ayu : Don’t forget to prepare all the stuffs we need
Ninuk : Ok, I agree.

Dialog 2

Waiter: “Hello, welcome to our cafe. Let me lead you to your seat.”
Jhonny: “Thank you. Can you give me the menu?”
Waiter: “Sure, here’s the menu.”
Jhonny: “Ok. I would like an iced pink tea, please.”
Waiter: “Sure. Would you like to add toppings like peach jelly or whipped cream?”
Jhonny: “No peach jelly, just whipped cream.”
Waiter: “Ok. Would you like to order any food? We have 50 percent off for today’s menu.”
Jhonny: “Cool, I want a beef burger, please.”
Waiter: “Sure. Do you want chili sauce on the side?”
Jhonny: “No, just tomato sauce.”
Waiter: “Noted, so it’s fifty-five thousand rupiahs. For now, we only accept
cashless payment.”
Jhonny: “Ok. Here’s my debit card.”
Waiter: “Thank you. Here’s your food, enjoy!”
 GRAMMAR FOCUS
CONJUCTION

1. Coordinating Conjunctions
a. Function
Coordinating conjunctions are used to coordinate or join two or more sentences,
main clauses, words, or other parts of speech which are of the same syntactic
importance.

b. Rules
As there are only seven of these words, there are just a few rules for using
coordinating conjunctions correctly:
 It’s a good idea to use the mnemonic “FANBOYS” to memorize coordinating
conjunctions so you’ll never forget them. They are:
F = for
A = and
N = nor
B = but
O = or
Y = yet
S = so
 Coordinating conjunctions always connect phrases, words, and clauses. For
example: This batch of mushroom stew is savory and delicious.

c. Examples
- You can eat your cake with a spoon or fork.
- My dog enjoys being bathed but hates getting his nails trimmed.
- Bill refuses to eat peas, nor will he touch carrots.
 - I hate to waste a drop of gas, for it is very expensive these days.
2. Subordinating Conjunctions
a. Function
A subordinating conjunction is simply the word/words that is used to join a
subordinating clause to another clause or sentence.
b. Relation
The relation that is built in subordinate conjunction are:
 time (waktu)
 place (tempat)
 contrast (pertentangan)
 cause and effect (sebab dan akibat)
 condition (syarat)
 purpose (tujuan)
 manner (cara)

c. Pattern

Main clause + subordinate clause

d. Example
- The guide seemed nice though she spoke very little English.
- I’m going to give her this present after our surprise party on Tuesday.
- He was cleaning his kitchen floor when he found an oil spill.
- She has been very quiet since she arrived on Sunday.
- Many animals died because the dry season was hotter and drier than usual.
- Please open the window so that the smell will go away quickly.

3. Correlative Conjunctions
a. Function
Correlative Conjunctions are pairs of words that work together to connect two parts
of a sentence that hold an equal value, or correlate with one another.
b. Example
- My brother not only likes to play video games, but also watch movies.
- Both the captain and the soldiers run two miles every day.
- Either the doctors or the nurses will visit their patients at least once a day.
- He did not like neither the movie nor the book.
- Not only do I love this band, but I have also seen them in concert twice.

Exercise 1. Complete the following sentences by using Coordinating conjunction.

1. Would you rather have cheese _____ bologna on your sandwich?
2. His two favorite sports are football ______ tennis.
3. I wanted to go to the beach, _______ Mary refused.
4. I am allergic to cats, ______ I have three of them.
5. I am a vegetarian, _______ I don’t eat any meat.
6. Thomas will be late to work, _____ he has a dental appointment.
7. Jennifer does not like to swim, ____ does she enjoy cycling.
8. Jackson wanted to eat another piece of cake, ____ he was on a diet.
9. You have to study hard _____ you cannot pass the examination.
10. I am going to go to the river _____ lake tomorrow morning.

Exercise 2. Complete the following sentences by using Subordinating conjunction.

1. You shouldn’t go out __________ it’s raining heavily.
2. My mother _______ I went to the market for shopping.
3. Please come on time, _________ we may miss the flight.
4. We should avoid oily food ____________ be healthy.
5. ____________ my family, I will also invite my close friends on my anniversary.
6. I work hard ____________ I want to make my parents happy.
7. Do not call me ____________ I cook fried chicken for breakfast.
8. This radio is very good ____________ it is very expensive.
9. She lives right behind the alley ____________ someone was killed last week.
10. ____________ he was sleeping, someone broke into his house and took all his money.

Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences by using Correlative conjunction.

1. Both Jimmy . . . . . . Johnny have to pay for their mistake.
2. I want to drink neither coffee . . . . tea.
3. Your performance is . . . . enchanting but also inspiring.
4. . . . . . . Flowers and jasmine is fragrant .
5. Neither Joe . . . . his sisters could understand what their parents were saying when they
spoke French.
6. Robin is not only a good speaker . . . . . a good father.
7. . . . . Ardi nor Amin will visit you in hospital.
8. This salad is ... delicious ... healthy.
9. Diana is . . . . beautiful . . . . her sister.
10. I travelled . . . . . England . . . . Rome in three days.

Exercise 4. Choose the correct answer.

1. I have a talented cousin. She can do 3. The teacher goes to school _____ she is
many things like swimming, dancing sick.
____ even martial arts. A. although
A. or B. because
B. but C. as if
C. and D. while
D. nor
4. Mr.Anwar : Your home is very quiet.
2. My parents departed for Jakarta this Where are your kids?
morning, _____ I am home alone. Mr. Rudi : ____ Jono ____ Joni are
A. because playing at the beach.
B. so A. Neither, nor
C. since B. Whether, or
D. yet C. Either, or
D. Both, and
5. I am not sure ______ my project will be 11. Kim eats many egg whites before
accepted ____ not. work out . . . . . . he wants to gain
A. neither, nor weight.
B. whether, or A. because
C. either, or B. so that
D. both, and C. even though
D. and
6. Dom: Where are you going?
Seth: I am going to the hospital ____ I 12. . . . . . . . you gave him 10 great reasons
don’t feel well. to never give up, he wouldn’t listen.
Dom: Do you need a companion? A. Even though
Seth: No, thanks. B. As
A. although C. Because
B. even if D. So that
C. because
D. however 13. Sammy had someone handle her
passport . . . . he went to abroad.
7. I am not really good at Math, _____ I get A. when
a lot of achievements in sports. B. before
A. because C. however
B. even though D. therefore
C. as if
D. but 14. . . . . . my mother was sleeping, I
prepared tea on my own.
8. Don’t eat _____ you are a pig. A. As
A. as if B. Unless
B. since C. Besides
C. as D. Despite
D. yet
15. ______ the bad weather, he still chooses
9. Tiara : What food do you and to go by air plane.
your brother like? A. Although
Jelita : I like fruits _______ my B. However
brother prefers vegetables. C. Despite
A. since D. While
B. so
C. as 16. Yosi continued playing game ______ he
D. while heard his mother calling.
A. although
10. After reading this message, she can ___ B. as soon as
talk ___ cry. C. after
A. whether, or D. because
B. neither, nor
C. either, or
D. but, and
17. The farmers exterminate rodents in C. whether / or
their farmland ______ they damage the D. scarcely / when
crops.
A. if 20. I like ... to sing opera, ... to spend my
B. though spare time practicing ballroom
C. however dances.
D. as A. not only / but also
B. whether / or
18. ______ the global economy crisis, many C. neither / nor
labors lost their job. D. not / but
A. because of
B. because 21. The more you smile, … you will get
C. despite positive reactions from others.
D. in spite of A. the less
B. the more
19. The test was ... very short ... quite easy. C. nor
A. not / but D. or
B. both / and

Exercise 5. Write your experience that you get after you joined the event few days
ago. You must include conjunctions in your monolog. Then submit it to GCR.
 UNIT 12
RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Read the dialog below, then find the relative pronoun.

Julfa : Hey girls! How have you been? Long time no see!
Anjar : Hey Julfa! I’m doing fine. You seem look chubbier after taking break.
Adinda : Oh yes! You look chubbier Julfa!
Julfa : Really?
Anjar : Yeah! I think you really enjoyed your holiday.
Adinda : Where did you spend your holiday?
Julfa : I went to Jogja with my neighbour friends.
Adinda : Wooww….. it seemed was really fun!
Anjar : Would you like to share about your last holiday?
Julfa : OK. I would. Me and my friends went to Jogja by train. We spent a week
there.
Adinda : Which places did you visit there?
Julfa : I visited Watu Kodo beach, Bereksi cliff, Mojo hill, Taman Sari, Gumuk Pasir,
and Goa Cemara beach.
Anjar : Which one is most attractive place?
Julfa : All of the places are attractive. But I’m really amazed when I was in Watu
Kodo beach. The scenery was beautiful.
Adinda : I’ve ever seen Watu Kodo beach in internet. The scenery is beautiful indeed.
Anjar : I wish one day I can go to Jogja like you Julfa.
Adinda : Same here. I want to go to Jogja next holiday.
Julfa : I’m sure you will go to Jogja someday, guys.
Anjar : By the way, do you bring us some souvenir from Jogja?
Julfa : Of course I do. I would never forget you, guys.
Adinda : Thanks Julfa! That’s very kind of you.
Julfa : I bought you some batik clothes and also Jogja cuisines. But I don’t bring
them right now. After finishing our class, let’s go to my home to take them.
Adinda & Anjar : Okay!

GRAMMAR FOCUS
REALTIVE PRONOUNS

A relative pronoun is a word that introduces a dependent (or relative) clause and
connects it to an independent clause. The relative pronoun replaces one of the two identical
noun phrases and relates the clauses to each other. The relative pronouns and their uses are listed
here.

PRONOUN USE IN FORMAL LANGUAGE

that things
which things
who people (subject)
whom people (object)
 whose People (possessive)
THAT / WHICH
We bought the stereo. The stereo had been advertised at a reduced price.
We bought the stereo that had been advertised at a reduced price.
John bought a boat. The boat cost thirty thousand dollars.
John bought a boat that cost thirty thousand dollars.
I like this song. It is very romantic.
I like this song which is very romantic.

Who is used when the
noun phrase being
replaced is in the subject
position of the sentence.
WHO / WHOM
. . . who + verb . . .
The men are angry. The men are in this room.
The men [The men are in this room] are angry.
The men who are in this room are angry.

Whom is used when it is . . . whom + noun . . .

from the complement
position. The men are angry. I don’t like the men.
The men [I don’t like the men] are angry.
The men whom I don’t like are angry.

Examples:
The man wanted to buy the red car. He came yesterday.
The man who came yesterday wanted to buy the red car.
I just talked with my brother. He is in Singapore.
I just talked with my brother, who is in Singapore.
Bobby just replied to my email. I talked to him yesterday.
Bobby whom I talked to yesterday, just replied to my email.

WHOSE
The dentist is with a child. The child’s teeth are causing some problems.
The dentist is with a child whose teeth are causing some problems.
John found a cat. The cat’s leg was broken.
John found a cat whose leg was broken.
 Jack is driving a new car today. His old car broke down a few days ago.
Jack whose old car broke down a few days ago, is driving a new car today.

Exercise 1. Fill the blank with the appropriate Relative pronouns.

1. Education is the most powerful weapon . . . you can use to change the world.
2. I looked for the man . . . borrowed me money.
3. He always eats bread . . . he likes.
4. I talked to the girl . . . car had broken down in front of the shop.
5. The laptop . . . I bought three years ago is still working properly.
6. The team . . . you were watching has won five gold medals.
7. The cyclist . . . won the race trained hard.
8. The pants . . . I bought yesterday are already stained.
9. Spaghetti . . . we eat at least twice a week, is one of my family’s favorite meals.
10. Where did you buy the dress . . . you wore last week?
11. An atheist is a man . . . has no invisible means of support. 
12. Happy is the son . . . faith in his mother remains unchallenged.
13. Life is something . . . everyone should try at least once.
14. The United Nations . . . membership comprises almost all the states in the world, is
founded on the principle of the equal worth of every human being.
15. I rode my bike . . . now had a dozen bent spokes, back home.
16. The girl . . . Tom is teasing is my sister in law.
17. The girl . . . mother was angry with me last night is my love.
18. The boy . . . I gave the book to is the best student.
19. The house . . . stands on that hill is very old.
20. I’ve just heard something that will surprise you.

Exercise 2. Combine these sentences below by using the correct relative pronouns
1. They live in a city. The city is in the north of England.
2. The man is in the garden. The man is wearing a blue jumper.
3. The television was stolen. The television was bought 20 years ago.
4. The waiter was rude. The waiter was wearing a blue shirt.
5. Felipe bought a camera. The camera has three lenses.
6. Frank is the man. We are going to nominate Frank for the office of treasurer.
7. The doctor is with a patient. The patient’s leg was broken in an accident.
8. Jane is the woman. Jane is going to China next year.
9. Janet wants a typewriter. The typewriter self-corrects.
10. This book [I found the book last week] contains some useful information.
11. This is the book. I have been looking for this book all year.
12. William wants to become a judge. William’s brother is a lawyer.
13. The director program is planning to retire next year. The director graduated from
Harvard university.
14. Mr. Tono has an expensive car. Mr Tono works at Budi Rahayu Hospital.
15. These Cactus Plants Should not have too much water. They will grow in pots indoors.
16. This is the man. I gave money to him this morning.
Exercise 3. Choose the correct answer.
1. The festival ______________ lasted all day, ended with a banquet.
A. whose
B. who
C. which
D. what

2. I am looking for someone __________ can watch my dog while I go on vacation.

A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. whoever

3. The police needed details _____________ could help identify the robber.
A. who
B. whatever
C. that
D. what

4. I’d like to take you to a café _______________ serves excellent coffee.

A. what
B. whatever
C. which
D. whichever

5. The clubhouse in __________ the dance was held, housed about 200 people.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. whom

6. You can choose one person, __________ you like, to share the cruise with you.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whom

7. I saw the shoes __________ you bought last week on sale for less this week.
A. whose
B. That
C. who
D. whom
8. The winners, __________ known, will receive money and other prizes.
A. whoever
B. who
C. when
D. that

9. The baby, ________ nap had been interrupted, wailed loudly.

A. whose
B. whomever
C. whom
D. who

10. The car . . . was bought by Adam two year ago has broken down so many times.
A. whom
B. which
C. whose
D. that

11. The man . . . is eating ramen noodles on the convenience store lives near my house.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. that

12. The poor boy is sleeping on the mattress, … is too dirty and old.
A. which
B. what
C. whose
D. who

13. Marie Curie . . . husband worked as a laboratory instructor, was a pioneer in the field of
radiology.
A. whose
B. who
C. whom
D. that

14. People . . . eat fruits and vegetables may have more attractive skin color.
A. who
B. which
C. whom
D. whose

15. I spoke to man . . . wife had been admitted to the hospital.

A. who
B. whom
 C. whose
D. which

16. A person . . . comes to live in big cities for a few years usually notice that lifestyle seem
to change very fast.
A. who
B. from whom
C. of which
D. whose

17. He introduced me to the lady . . . I met at the station.

A. whom
B. whose
C. which
D. with which

18. People . . . business have been slowing down recently are so depressed that they suffer
from various diseases.
A. whose
B. that
C. whom
D. who

19. “Who is simail maruki?”

“Well, he is the composer_______many people consider one of the great in Indonesia.”
A. whom
B. who
C. which
D. whose

20. Teachers _______do not spend enough time in class preparation often have difficulty
explaining new lesson.
A. who
B. that
C. in which
D. whom

21. I am looking for someone _______ can watch my dog while I go on vacation.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. Whoever

22. I saw the shoes _______ you bought last week on sale for less this week.
A. when
B. that
C. who
D. whom