Markscheme

1. B 6. B 11. C 16. D 21. B

2. A 7. B 12. A 17. D 22. C
3. B 8. A 13. B 18. A 23. D
4. B 9. A 14. B 19. D 24. D
5. C 10. A 15. C 20. D 25. A

–3 3 –3
26. (a) n(HCl)(= 0.200 mol dm × 0.02720 dm ) = 0.00544 / 5.44 × 10 (mol); 1
–3 3 –3
(b) n(HCl) excess (= 0.100 mol dm × 0.02380 dm ) = 0.00238 / 2.38 × 10 (mol);
Penalize not dividing by 1000 once only in (a) and (b). 1
–3
(c) n(HCl) reacted (= 0.00544 – 0.00238) = 0.00306 / 3.06 × 10 (mol); 1
(d) 2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) /
+ 2+
2H (aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca (aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g);
Award [1] for correct reactants and products.
Award [1] if this equation correctly balanced.
Award [1 max] for the following equations:
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
+ 2+
2H (aq) + CaCO3(s) → Ca (aq) + H2CO3(aq)
Ignore state symbols. 2
1 1 –3
(e) n(CaCO3) = ( 2 n(HCl)) = 2 × 0.00306; = 0.00153 / 1.53 × 10 (mol);
Award [2] for correct final answer. 2
–1
(f) Mr(CaCO3) (= 40.08 + 12.01 + 3 × 16.00) = 100.09 /100.1 / M = 100.09 /100.1 (g mol );
Accept 100.
–1
m(CaCO3)(= nM) = 0.00153 (mol) × 100.09 (g mol ) = 0.153 (g);
 0.153 
%CaCO3    100  = 81.4 % / 81.5 %
 0.188 
Accept answers in the range 79.8 to 81.5 %.
Award [3] for correct final answer. 3
(g) only CaCO3 reacts with acid / impurities are inert/non-basic / impurities
do not react with the acid / nothing else in the eggshell reacts with acid /
no other carbonates;
Do not accept “all calcium carbonate reacts with acid”. 1

27. (a) IV < I < II < III/

ultra violet radiation < yellow light < red light < infrared radiation; 1
(b) A continuous spectrum has all colours/wavelengths/frequencies whereas
a line spectrum has only (lines of) sharp/discrete/specific colours/
wavelengths/frequencies; 1
(c) UV-B radiation has shorter wavelength; hence, has higher energy;
increases risk of damage to skin cells / OWTTE / causes cancer; 3

+ 2+ 3+
28. (a) as (cat)ion becomes more positive / Na , Mg , Al / size/radius decreases /
charge density increases;
Do not allow increasing number of protons or increasing nuclear charge.
attraction for mobile/valence/delocalized/sea of electrons increases;
Do not accept “cloud of electrons”. 2
(b) larger molecule / higher Mr/ M / greater number of electrons;
Do not accept “larger/higher/greater mass”.
greater van der Waals’/dispersion/London forces; 2
(c) Si: giant/network/macromolecular/3-D covalent bonding;
No mark for strong bonding without reference to covalent and network.
No mark for molecular.
Ar: (simple) atomic / (only weak) van der Waals’/dispersion/London forces;
1
 No mark for (simple) molecular. 2
29. (a) (i)

Accept ×’s, dots or lines for electron pairs. 2

(ii) H–C–H:
any angle between 118° and 122°;
due to three negative charge centres/electron domains/electron pairs;
H–N–H:
any angle between 104° and 108°;
due to four negative charge centres/electron domains/electron pairs;
extra repulsion due to lone electron pairs;
Do not allow ECF for wrong Lewis structures. 5
(b) (i) (relative) measure of an atoms attraction for electrons;
in a covalent bond / shared pair; 2
(ii) C–H is less polar as C is less electronegative / N–H bond is more polar
as N is more electronegative / difference in electronegativity is greater
for N-H than C-H; 1
(iii) bond polarities cancel in C2H4 / OWTTE; 1
(c) weaker van der Waals’/London/dispersion/intermolecular forces in ethene;
stronger (intermolecular) hydrogen bonding in hydrazine;
If no comparison between strengths then [1 max]. 2

3.99
30. (a) (i) amount = = 0.0250 (mol); 1
159.61
(ii) 26.1 (°C);
Accept answers between 26.0 and 26.2 (°C).
temperature rise = 26.1 – 19.1 = 7.0 (°C); 2
Accept answers between 6.9 °C and (7.1 °C).
Award [2] for the correct final answer.
No ECF if both initial and final temperatures incorrect.

50.0
(iii) heat change = × 4.18 × 7.0 / 50.0 × 4.18 × 7.0;
1000
Accept 53.99 instead of 50.0 for mass.
= 1.5 (kJ); 2
2
 Allow 1.6 (kJ) if mass of 53.99 is used. Ignore sign.
1.5 –1
(iv) ∆H1 =  = –60 (kJ mol ); 1
0.0250
Value must be negative to award mark.
Accept answers in range –58.0 to –60.0.
–1
Allow –63 (kJ mol ) if 53.99 g is used in (iii).
6.24
(b) (i) (amount of CuSO4•5H2O = =) 0.0250 (mol);
249.71
(amount of H2O in 0.0250 mol of CuSO4•5H2O
= 5 × 0.0250 =) 0.125 (mol). 2
(ii) (50.0 × 4.18 × 1.10 =) 230 (J);
 229.9 
   + 9.20 (kJ); 2
 (1000  0.0250 
Accept mass of 47.75 or 53.99 instead of 50.00 giving answers
of +8.78 or +9.9.
Do not penalize missing + sign but penalize – sign unless charge
already penalized in (a) (iv).
–1
(iii) (∆Hx = ∆H1 – ∆H2 = –58.4 – (+9.20) =) –67.6 (kJ mol ); 1
[ 78.0  ( 67.6)]
(c) (i) × 100 = 13.3 %; 1
 78.0
–1
If 70.0 kJ mol is used accept 10.3 %.
(ii) the anhydrous copper(II) sulfate had already absorbed
some water from the air / OWTTE;
the value would be less exothermic/less negative than
expected as the temperature increase would be lower /
less heat will be evolved when the anhydrous salt is
dissolved in water / OWTTE; 2
Do not accept less without a reason.