R ,

V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
, P ,
KK LA SS AM R ,
J U A S T R U
BI M
, H PU V V
K A P U 7
K L S T 5 43
J U A S 69
B I M H
G . 98 9 5
,
SS AM
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S T R
PLAY H PU
K , P
K LA
J U A
BI M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
, P ,
KK LA SS AM R ,
J U A S T R U
BI M
, H PU V V
K A P U 7
K L S T 5 43
J U A S 69
B I M H
G . 98 9 5
,
SS AM
S T R
, H P U
K P
K LA
J U A
BI M
 R ,
After the British U
V occupied India
U V e r
T 437 t ,
S S 5the princely states R
-The British conquered H 5 69
V U of India
through military , G 8
force
9
and diplomacy. V
SS M.
9
T U 37
T S 5 4
- It was during
S A the span of one hundred S 6 9 years,
H R
Ubattle of Plassey H 9 5
,
between , the
P , Gin .1757
9 8 and the First R
K K P S S M U
War A
ofLIndian T A V
J U A S R U V
I
BIndependence
M in 1857, H that U a major part of India
T
, P P S 7
came under the British K
K LA rule H S 3
U theA regions in the Indian G 695 4
-Around 63%IJof ,
B M SS 9895
subcontinent had S T .
come under the direct control of, H M
theABritish.
K R
U by the native
-The rest of the regions wereKruled P
J U AP
kings who had been subjugated I
B AL to the British.
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
Impact of the
UV British
7
policies
T 4 3 ,
H SS 6955 U R
-Farmers were G one 8 9of the immediate V V victims of
S , . 9 U 37
S
the BritishT rule. A M S T 5 4
S R H S 6 9
-It was, the
H Pland
U revenue system G . 98 9 5 implemented by
,
P
K A that destroyed ,
S the U R
the KBritish
L T
S A M backbone of theV
U
J M A S R U V
B I
farmers. H U T
P , P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
-The aim ofBItheir ,
J M tax policy was toSmaximize 5 6 9 the
S 989
income. S T .
, H A M
-The land revenue systemKimplemented
K U R in
U
various regions under Ithe P
J British
A P rule was
B L
different. M
A
 R ,
The land revenue V U systems
V
implemented by S T U the 4 3 7 British in various
,
S 9 5
U R
parts
H
G 989
5 6
of India VV
S , . U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
U
PermanentUVland 7
revenue
V
T 4 3 ,
settlement
H S
G 89
S
5 6 9 5
V U R
V
S AM S, .9
T U 3 7
T S 5 4
-ImplementedS R in Bengal, Bihar
H S 5 6 9
, H P U G 8 9 ,
andKOrissa
K A P S , . 9
U R
L S A M V
U
J M A S T R V
B I H U T U
-Lord Convalis British , P PGovernor S 7
K
K LA H S 3
General introduced U A this system. LordG 5 4
Convalis
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
-In the permanent land revenue , H A M
K R
settlement the tax was collected K PU
J U AP
by zamindars. I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
-Zamindar was theUowner V of the entire land
T 3 7
S 4 ,
where he had the H S jurisdiction
5 6 9 5 to collect
U R tax.
G 8 9
V V
-While the zamindars
S , .9 became Uthe37owners of
S AM S T 4
the land,StheRactual farmers
T
H S became
5 6 95 tenants.
, H U
Pwere to pay up Gto. 960%
8 9 ,
-Farmers P , of the yield R
KK LA SS AM V U
as
I
Utax.
J M A S T R U V
B-Tax was to be paid , H P U T
K Peven at the time of
S S poor
K LA H 43 7
yield. I
U
J M A , G
S 95 6 9 5
B
-The tax was to be paid in cash S
strictly
8 before
S T . 9
H M
the cut-off date. (Before introducing K , R A this
K P U
system, tax could be paid J AU in
P kind).
I
B AL
M
 R ,
Ryotwari system V U
V U
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
-The Ryotwari G system8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
introduced S
in M
South
A India S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H U H 9 5
,
, PPrevenue was , G . 98
-TheKland R
K A S S M U
collected
U A L directly from T A V V
I J M H S U R U
Bthe farmers (Ryots). , P S 7 T
K A P Lord S Monroe
-The ownership K of L G H 43
U
J M A , 6 9 5
B I S 5
S 9excessive
9
land was vested with the farmers, T . 8
H S M
tax impoverished them K, RA
K P U
-The tax rates were frequently U
J A P increased.
I
B AL
M
 R ,
U
Mahalwari system
UV
V
T 43 ,
S
S 6 9 5 R
H 9 5 V U
G 9 8 V
-Implemented S , . North
in U 37
S AM S T 4
West India.
S T R S 6 95
H P U H 9 5
,
, P , G . 98 R
-The village
KKA LA headman SS was M V U
U T A William Bendrick V
BIassigned
J M the responsibility
H S
P U R
T U
K , P S 7
to collect tax.K LA H S
43
U
J was A , G 9 5
-The tax rateB I M too excessive. S
S 989 5 6
S T .
-The entire village (Mahal)H was A M considered
,
K U R
as a single unit for tax Kcollection. P
U
J A P
I
B AL
M
 R ,
The impact of the tax policy V U implemented by the
British U V in India
T 3 7
S 5 4 R ,
(How did the British S land
6 9 revenue policy U make the
G H 9 5 V
peasantry fall, easy
. 9 8 prey to the exploitation
V
U 37 of
SSmoneylenders?
A M T
Explain)
S 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LAwere unable to pay
-Farmers SS Atax M in the form of money V U
U A
J M the deadline. HS UR T V
Bbefore
I T U
-They had to take loan , P P moneylenders atS a high
from
K
K L A H S 3 7
rate of interestJU to pay A tax. G 5 4
I M ,
S 95 6 9
B
-The loans were obtained by mortgaging S 8agricultural
S T . 9
land. , H A M
-The agricultural land of theKfarmers, R
K U who could not
U P P
pay back the loan and interest, I J A was seized by the
B AL
money lenders. M
 R ,
U
Commercialization
V of agriculture V
TU 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
-Traditionally ,the peasants
G . 98 9 in India V Vwere engaged
S S M T U 37
in agriculture T mainly
A to produce S things
5 4 only to
S R H S 6 9
meet the, HneedsP U of their family G . 98and
9 5 the village.
,
P , R
-DuringKK Lthe
A British rule Sthey S Mwere compelled toU
A V
U A
J M crops according S T R V
cultivate
BI H U to the market needs.T U
, P P S 7
-As a result, commercial K
K LA crops were largely H S 3
U A G 5 4
cultivated insteadI J Mof food crops. S , 5 6 9
B S 989
-This transformation is termedHas ST M.
commercialization of agriculture. , R A
K
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
-To meet to pay high U V rate of tax in the form
T 3 7
S 5 4 R ,
of cash before Hthe
S deadline,
9 5 6 9 farmersV U
G 8 V
cultivated the
S , crops
S AM
.9 that had T higher
U 3 7 market
T S 5 4
price. HS UR S
H 95 6 9
, PP , G . 98 R ,
K
K LA SS AM U
U A T V V
-The
BI
J Mproducts thatHShad
P U R demand in the T U
, P S 7
European markets K LAwere given higher
K H S
4
price.
3
U
J M A , G 6 9 5
BI S
S 989 5
S T .
-Thus, the Indian lands became H A Mthe
K , R
cultivating field of Europe. K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
The major cropsVVcultivated
U during
U
theSSBritish
T
69
5 4 3 7
rule U R ,
G H 8 9 5 V
, .9 V
U 37
S
S AM T
T S 5 4
S R H S 5 6 9
, H P U G . 98 9 ,
P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
The miseries of Vthe V indigo farmers.
U
U 7
(Analyse the circumstances
S S T
6 9 5 4 3
that U R , to the
led
H 9 5 V
S , Indigo
G .9
8 Revolt).U 7 V
S AM S T 4 3
T
S UR S 6 95
H P G H 9 5
,
K , P , 9 8
. fabric. R
-IndigoK L was
A used to colour S
S AM the V U
-WithU A
J Mthe industrial H T
revolution
S UR of the 18thTU V
BI
, P P Sand
century, textile manufacturing
K
K L A increased H S 3 7 the
U A G 5 4
demand for indigo I J M increased. , 6 9
B SS 9895
-It was necessary for the British Sindustrialists T . to
H M
A regions in
get indigo plantation spreadKto , more R
K P U
India. J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
-They gave the farmersVaU good amount as
U V
advance for the cultivationT 4 3 7 of indigo.
,
S S 5
9 who started U R
-However, the farmers
H 9 5 6
V indigo
, G . 98 V
farming insteadSS AMof food grainsS got TU 54cheaper
37
prices due S Tto RBritish intervention S 6 9during the
H P U G H 9 5
,
K ,
harvest. P , . 9 8 R
K L A S
S M U
U A T RA V V
I J M H S U U
B-Later ,
when artificial P illustration colours
an S 7 T
K P S
K LA H 43
were invented, Uindigo
J M A became obsolete., G 6 9 5
I S
S 9more 5
-This made Bthe plight of the farmers S T . 8 9
miserable. , H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
-The exploitation and T 4misery
3 7 experienced , by the
S S 69 5 R
indigo farmers Hprompted 9 5 them to Vrevolt against
U
, G . 98 V
the British.SS M T U 37
4
S T R A S S 6 95
H P U G H 9 5
,
,
-In K1859
K Athe farmers ofSSBengal
P , 8
. organized
9 R
L M V U
U
themselves
J M A and declared S T R A
that they were giving V
I
Bup indigo cultivation. H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
-They attackedB indigo factoriesSTwith S 98bows,
9
.
arrows, swords and spears. , H RAM
K
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
-Several women also participated in the revolt.
V U
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
-Educated people H S from5 6 9
Calcutta reachedU the
G . 98 9
V V
revolt areasSand ,
S Mextended theirTsupport. U 37
T A S 5 4
S R H S 5 6 9
, H P U G . 98 9 ,
P
-TheKKgovernment
A immediately ,
S M appointed a U R
L S A V
U
J M A
commission to study S T
the Rproblems of the V
indigo
BI H U T U
farmers. , P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B
-The commission found that theSTindigo S 9
. 9 farming
8
was uneconomic and proposed , H to M
A stop it.
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
Peasant RevoltsVin
V Kerala
U
T U 3 7
S 5 4 R ,
-It was the exploitation
H S 5 6 9
and suppression U of the
G . 98 9
V V
,
landlords andSStheMBritish that led to Uthe37revolt in
A S T 4
Malabar. S R T S 6 95
H U
Ptreated the Janmis H 9 5
G .(landlords) ,
,
-The British
K A P , 9 8 as owners R
K S S M U
A L
of Uthe land. T A V V
I J M H S U R U
B-The revolt was against , the
P atrocities of the landlords
S 7 T
K A P S
including evictionKof tenants.
L H 43
-Such atrocities U
J were A carried out withSthe , G 9
support
6
5
of
BI M S 95
T .9 8
the British. S
-Most of the farmers in South K H M
, RA are Mappilas.
Malabar
-So these struggles that happened K PUin the nineteenth
J U AP
century are known as the I
B Mappila L Rebellions.
A
M
 R ,
-Around twenty two peasant V U revolts took place in
Malabar. U V
T 3 7
S 5 4 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
-To suppress these G 8 9
revolts the British V V
raised a special
,
S M . 9 U 37
armed police S battalion
A named Malabar S T 4 Special Police
S T R S 6 95
(MSP)., H PU H
G . 98 9 5
,
P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
-ToU A
J enquire about theHfrequent T
S UR revolts, the British V
I M
Bgovernment appointed T U
, P P
William Logan S 7
Commission.
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B
-The Commission pointed out that the S cause
8 9 of the
S T .9
struggle was the unfair land revenue H system of the
M
, R A
British. K
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
Situations led the tribes Uto fight against the
V V
British. (How did theU British7 rule make the
S T 4 3 ,
Tribal life miserable)
S 569 5
U R
G H 89 V
, .9 V
U 37
-The major T S S
means M
of livelihood of tribes T were gathering
A S 5 4
S
forest produce, R H
cattle rearing, shifting S 6 9
5 ultivation, and
, H P U G . 98 9 ,
P , R
KK LA
hunting. SS AM V U
-TheU
J M A
Forest Acts imposed S T
by the
R British made their V
life
I
Bmiserable. H U T U
, P P S 7
-They were prohibited
K
K LtoA enter forest when G S
H British
the 3
U A 5 4
declared forests I Jas protected.
M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
-The British widely felled trees from forests S T . to lay railway
lines and build ships, and for plantation. , H A M
K R
U on the forest
-The British levied tax at higher K rates
P
J U AP
produce collected by the tribes. I
B AL
-These situations led the tribes M to fight against the British.
 R ,
V U
-The rhythm of their Ulife V was disturbed with the
T 3 7
establishment of the S British
5 4 rule. R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
-Zamindars and G 8 9
moneylenders V
captured
V their
,
S M . 9 U 37
land. S A S T 4
T
S R S 69 5
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
,
K A P , R
K S S M U
-The U British
A L officers made T them work as slaves
A V V in
I J M H S U R U
laying
B railway lines. , P P S 7 T
-When their life K
KbecameA unbearable, they H S decided
3
U A L G 5 4
I J against
M S , 9
6 the
to take up arms B the British under
S 989 5
S T .
leadership of Sido and Kanhu.H M
, R A
K
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
The Santhal
U V
T 54 3 7 Rebellion
,
S S 69 R
H 9 5 V U
-Held in Bengal, G 8
, Jharkhand
.9 and UBihar V in 1855.
S
S AM T 3 7
T S 4
-The Santhals S UR were a tribal people
S 6 95 who lived in
H P G H 9 5
,
the valley
K , of
P the Raj Mahal , Hills
. 9 8 in the states of
R
K A S S M U
Bihar,
U A L
Jharkhand and TBihar. A V V
I J M H S U R U
B , P S 7 T
K A P S
-They lived closely K L
with nature and G H
earned 4 3 a
U
J M A , 6 9 5
living by farming BI and collecting S
Sforest 5
9 produce.
T .9 8
S
-They were sturdy and hard, Hworking, A M and had
their own unique culture.K PU K R
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
-The rhythm of their Ulife V was disturbed with the
T 3 7
establishment of the S British
5 4 rule. R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
-Zamindars and G 8 9
moneylenders V
captured
V their
,
S M . 9 U 37
land. S A S T 4
T
S R S 69 5
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
,
K A P , R
K S S M U
-The U British
A L officers made T them work as slaves
A V V in
I J M H S U R U
laying
B railway lines. , P P S 7 T
-When their life K
KbecameA unbearable, they H S decided
3
U A L G 5 4
I J against
M S , 9
6 the
to take up arms B the British under
S 989 5
S T .
leadership of Sido and Kanhu.H M
, R A
K
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
Kurichya
V V U Revolt
TU 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
-Kurichya Revolt G was 8 9 organized byV Vthe Kurichya
S , . 9 U 37
and the Kurumba S A M tribes of Wayanad S T 4 in 1812.
S T R S 6 95
-Imposition H P U
of excessive tax H
by
G . 98 the
9 5 British.
,
,
K A P , R
-Compulsion
K for paying S S M
tax in cash. U
U A L T A V V
I J
-SeizingM of agricultural H S land
U R for non payment U of
B , P S 7 T
K P S
tax. K LA G H 43
U
J led A , 9 5
-The revolt was B I M by the Kurichya S leader
S 989 5 6
Rama Nambi. S T .
, H A M
-The British government suppressed K
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and killed Rama Nambi.IJU AP
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 R ,
V U
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Important other
S 9
tribal
TU
S 54
revolts
3 7
R , in
6 U
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S,
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.9
8 9 5
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V V
TU 37
S AM S 4
S T R S 6 95
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Pradesh R ,
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U A
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B , P S 7 T
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43
U A , G 5
-Bhil Rebellion
B I J M – North west S
S 989 5India
6 9
S T .
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" The anti-British U V struggles of illiterate
T 3 7
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G 8 9
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T RA
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9 5
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KK LA SS AM V U
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BThe words of K.Suresh H U T U
K , P P Singh, a S S 7
K LA G H 43
historian,Babout IJ M
U A the tribal struggles
S ,
S 989 5 6 9 5 in
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William J UBendrick
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S T .
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Decline of traditional
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TU 3 7
S 54 R ,
Reasons for the H S decline
5 6 9
of the Indian U textile
G . 98 9
V V
, U 37
industry SS AM S T 4
-Large scale S T R
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British
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H P U H
G Indian 9 5
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K A S S M U
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Bdecline of the Indian ,textile S 7 T
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Acarry the imported fabrics S
K to L G H 43 from
U A
J M villages.
port towns to interior , 6 9 5
B I S S 95
-And the cotton collected from villages Tto the 8
S . 9 ports for
exporting to Britain. , H A M
K R
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J U AP
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 R ,
-Thus Indian weavers V U
lost their business in
U V
village market too.T 5437 ,
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4
-So it lostS Tthe R British market S S too. 6 95
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,
-The K , P
British officers ,
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K LA G H 43
-Weavers gave I
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B S British
95
the exploitation and torture ofSTthe .9
8
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-So they searched for other K jobs.
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What were the consequences U of the decline of
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the textile industry inV V
India under British rule?
U 7 T 3
4 ,
SS 695
H 895 of the decline of U R
-The immediate, G reflection
9 V V the textile
S M.in urban areas TU 37
industry was Sfound
T A S 5 4
S UR other jobs.
-WeaversHsought H S 5 6 9
, P 9
G . 98 and Dhaka ,
-The textile
K A Pcenters like ,
Murshidabad
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that Kwere L thickly populated S once,
A became least V
inhabited.
U
J M A S T R V
I
B-The people, who had, been H PUworking in textile industry, T U
K P S S 7
migrated to villages K andLAengaged in agriculture H related
43
works. U
J M A , G 6 9 5
BI S S 95
-The number of people, who engagedST 8
in agriculture to
.9
earn a living, increased. , H A M
-It fragmented the agriculturalKfields R
K U and the production
U P P
be fell to be stagnant. IJ A B AL
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Other handicrafts
V V U in villages that
U
decline Sunder
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T 3 7
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H 9 5 V U
, G .9
8 V
S
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T S 5 4
S R H S 5 6 9
, H P U G . 98 9 ,
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, P P S 7
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I J M S , 5 6 9
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S T .
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K R
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Pottery-J U AP
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Import of aluminium M vessels
 R ,
V U
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T 3 7
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H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
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S T R S 6 95
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G . 98 9 5
,
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, P P S 7
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I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
Carpentry K
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- R
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Use of machines I
B A
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L of metals
M
 R ,
V U
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T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
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S , .9 U 37
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S T R S 6 95
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G . 98 9 5
,
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Tanning - K ,
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Export of raw leather to Europe I
B AL
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What is the result T U V
3 7 of the decline of
S 4 R ,
agricultureG H S
8 9 and
5 6 9 5
the handicraft
V U
, .9 V
S AM industry?
S T U 37
S 954
T S R S 6
H P U G H 9 5
,
K , P , . 9 8 R
A S U
-TheU
K ruins
A L of agricultureT
S A M sector and VV
I J M H S U R U
Bhandicraft industry , Pled India to famine S T and
K A P S 7
deaths due Jto K H
U starvation.
3
AL , G 6 9 5 4
BI M SS 9895
S T .
-Lakhs of people died ofKfamine. , RAH M
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V U
Modern industries
T U V
4 3 7 started by
,
the
S 5 R
British
H S
G 989
5 6 9
in India
VV
U
S , . U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H
-Plantation U
P industry,, G . 98 H 9 5
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, P R
KK LA SS AM V U
-Textile,
I
U
J M A S T R U V
B H P U T
-Jute, K ,
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P
H S S 7
3
U G 4
-Steel, BIJ M A
S ,
S 989 5 6 9 5

-Paper. S T .
, H A M
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U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
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S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
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KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
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, P P S 7
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I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
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I
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 R ,
U
Problems facedV by workers in the V
TU 7
modern industrial
S
S 69 sector
5 4 3
in British
U R , India
G H 8 9 5 V
, .9 V
U 37
S
S AM T
T S 5 4
-Prolonged H S working
U R hours H S
9 5 6 9
, P , G . 98 ,
-MeagreKK LAwages
P
SS AM U R
U A T V V
-Unhealthy
BI J M accommodation.H S U R
T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
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So the condition
I J M of workers in Smodern , 5 6 9
B S 989
industrial sector was extremely S T .
pathetic.
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
Indian workers' agitations
S 54 R ,
against
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9 V
British
S
S M
, . 9 exploitation V
TU 437
T
S UR A S S 6 95
H P G H 9 5
,
K , P , . 9 8 R
A S U
-Great
U
K
A L Bombay Textile T
S A M Strike V V
I J M H S U R U
B , P T
S 7
K P S
K LA H 3
-CalcuttaIJJute U A Mill strike. , G 695 4
B M SS 9895
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
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 R ,
The first martyrdomU
V in the 1857 revolt
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
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, P P S 7
K
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I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
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I
Mangal AL
B Pandey
M
 R ,
V U
First War of Indian
UV 7Independence, 1857
T 4 3 ,
H SS 695
5 U R
G 8 9
V V
S ,
-The first organized .9 revolt against U 37 the
S AM S T 4
British.HS URT S 6 95
P H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U A S T V
-This
B I J Mrebellion of kings, H P U R peasants, soldiersT U
K , P S S 7
and artisans who K Lwere A dissatisfied Hwith 43
U
JwithoutA , G 9 5
British rule, BI M being confined S
S 989 5 6 locally,
S T .
is known as India's First War H A
ofM
K , R
Independence. K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
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 R ,
V U
U V
7
Causes of the S S Revolt
T
6 9 5 4 3
of 1857 U R ,
G H 8 9 5 V
, .9 V
U 37
S
S AM T
T S 5 4
-MiseriesH S U
of
R farmers. H S
9 5 6 9
, P P , G . 98 R ,
KK LA
-Poverty of the craftsmen. SS AM V U
J U A S T R V
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B -Dissatisfaction H of U kings T U
, P P S 7
K K A H S 3
-Miseries Jof U A the L sepoys. G 695 4
I ,
B M SS 9895
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
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 R ,
Miseries of the sepoys
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
-Poor salary. S 6 9 U
G H 9 5 V
-Abuse by the British
, .9
8 officers. V
U 37
S S M T
-The rumour T thatA the cartridge in S the 5 4newly supplied
S R H S 6 9
5 fat of cows and
H PUwere greased with
Enfield, rifles G . 98the
9 ,
pigs.KK LA P , R
SS AM V U
-It U A
J wounded the religious S T R
sentiments of the Hindu V
B I M H U T U
and Muslim soldiers. , P P S 7
K K A H S 3
-The soldiers who U were
A L unwilling to use the
G new5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B punished by the officers.
cartridges were S 989
S T .
-In Barrackpore in Bengal, Mangal H Pandey,
A M an
K , R
Indian soldier, shot at a British K officer,
U who forced
U P P
him to use the new cartridge. I J A
-He was arrested and hanged to death.B A L
M
 R ,
U
Dissatisfaction
U V
T 43 7 of kings
,
V

S S 69 5 R
H 9 5 V U
G 8 V
-The British S
S AM
, took
.9 over the T U 3princely
4
7
S T R S S 95
states, through
H PU
P
the Doctrine
, G H
9 8 9 5 6
of Lapse. R ,
K A S . U
K L S AM V
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
-The princely K
K LA
,states P P were convicted
H S S 7
3
G 4
of inefficient B I J Mrule and wereS annexed
U A ,
S 989 5 6 9 5
T .
by the British. , H S
A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
U
Leaders of of Vthe
V Revolt of 1857
TU 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
Bahadur Shah J U AIIP- Delhi
I
B AL
M
 R ,
Leaders of of the
V U Revolt of 1857
V U
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
Rani Lakshmi J U Bai
A P - Jhansi
I
B AL
M
 R ,
Leaders of of the
V U Revolt of 1857
V U
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
Begum HazretIMahal JU AP - Lucknow
B AL
M
 R ,
Leaders of of the
V U Revolt of 1857
V U
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
, P ,
KK LA SS AM R ,
U
J M A S T R U
BI
,
Kanpur
H P U V V
K P T U
K L A S 7
J U A H S 3
B I M G 695 4
,
SS 9895
S T .
H
, R A M
Nana Saheb, K
K PU Thantia Thopi
J U AP
BI AL
 R ,
Leaders of of the
V U Revolt of 1857
V U
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
, P ,
KK LA SS AM R ,
U
J M A S T R V U
BI H U V
, P P U
K
K L A T
S S 7
J U A H 3
B I M G 695 4
,
SS 9895
S T .
H
, R A M
Maulavi Ahammedullah K
K PU - Faizabad
J U AP
BI AL
 R ,
V U
U V
7
Leaders of Sof S 6the
T
9 5 4 3 Revolt of
U R , 1857
G H 8 9 5 V
, .9 V
U 37
S
S AM T
T S 4
-Delhi HS- URBahadur Shah H S
9
II
5 6 95
, PP , G . 98
-JhansiKK LA - Rani Lakshmi SS AM Bai R ,
J U A S T R V U
BI
-Lucknow
M - Begum
H U Hazret Mahal V
, P P U
K A T
-Kanpur -JU KNana A L Saheb, Thantia H S S Thopi
3 7
I M G 5 4
-FaizabadB - Maulavi Ahammedullah S , 569
S 989
S T .
H
, R A M
K
K PU
J U AP
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U
Characteristics Uof V the revolt of 1857
7
V
T 3 ,
(First War
S S
H 95
of
6 9 Independence)
5 4
V U R
, G . 98 V
S S AM T U 37
T S 5 4
-Along with S the R kings the sepoys, H S peasants,
5 6 9 artisans
, H P U G 8 9
and common
K A P people also took ,
S M part
. 9 in the revolt.
,
-The K
real S
Lstrength of the Trebellion A was the R
U
J M A S R V U
B I
Hindu-Muslim unity., PPH U V
K T U
-They attacked theKBritish L A and moneylendersSSand set
J U A H 3 7
fire to their account
B I M books, deeds and documents
G 5 4 of
S , 569
transactions. S 989
S T .
-The rioters captured Delhi and declared H M Bahadur Sha
II as the emperor of India. KK UR , A
U P P
I J A
B AL
 R ,
The impact of theVV1857
U revolt
TU 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 6 9 U
-Millions of rioters G 8 9were
5 killed. V V
S , . 9 Uthe
-The riotersS could A M not overcome S T 4 3 7 superior
S T R S 6 95
militaryHpowerP U of the British H
G . 98
and
9 5 the rebellion
,
K A P ,
wasKcompletely suppressed. S S M R ,
U A L T A U
I J MBritish Parliament
-The H S U R
took over India from V
B , P U V
the British EastKIndia K AP Company. T
L S S 7
-The economic J U exploitation
A of the British H 3
B I M G 695 4
,
reached its extreme level in the post-1857 SS 9895 phase.
S T .
-In the second half of the nineteenth H M century,
, A
R spread over
around two crores of people K
K P died
U
twenty four great famines. J U AP
BI AL
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
K R
K PU
J U AP
I
B AL
M
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 R ,
The growth VofU nationalism
-Nationalism is the sense of U Vunity among the people of a
T 3 7
country irrespective of S caste, 5 4 creed, religion and R , region.
H S 5 6 9 U
-Nationalism began G to 9grow
8 9 in India as the V VBritish
S , . U 37
economic exploitation.
S AM T 4
-It grew into S T
a R
fierce British antagonismS S 6
5
9among various
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
, India.
sectionsKof P ,
K A S S M ,
-Indian
U A L
National Congress Twas an A example for such an UR
I J M H S U R V
organised
B form of nationalism.
, P U V
-Indian National Congress K A P was formed in December, T 1885
K L S S
in Bombay. J U A H 3 7
B I M G 5 4
-Seventy two delegates from different parts S ,of India
5 69
S 989
attended its first session. S T .
-This led to an organized form of nationalism. H
, R A M
K
K the U anti-British struggle
-The Indian National Congress led P
J U AP
from 1885 till India attained BI independence
A L in 1947.
 R ,
V U
U V
T 3 7
S 54 R ,
H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
S , .9 U 37
S AM S T 4
S T R S 6 95
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
, P , R
KK LA SS AM V U
U
J M A S T R V
BI H U T U
, P P S 7
K
K LA H S 3
U A G 5 4
I J M S , 5 6 9
B S 989
S T .
, H A M
Dadabai KNaoroji K U R
U P P
I J A
B AL
M
 R ,
V U
Dadabai Naoroji
U V
T 37 ,
S 5 4 R
H S 5 6 9 U
-Dadabhai Naoroji G is 8 9a person who has
V V collected and
,
S M . 9 U 37
S
studied statistics Aon the collapseSSof the T 4 Indian
S T R 6 95
economy, Hduring
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B I M G 695 4
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U V Naoroji how
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T 3 7
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S 5 R ,
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S 569 H 89 U
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3 7
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U V
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4 3 7 India.,
S S 69 5 R
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What is 'Economic
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8 9
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, . 9 U 37
S S AM T 4
poverty Sand T R exploitation they S S 6 95faced had
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G 695 43 as
B ,
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S T .
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SS 9895
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Swadeshi Movement
U V -features V
T 3 7 ,
S 5 4 R
H S 6
5
9 U
-To check economic G 8 9
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national V leaders
S , .9 U 7
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S T 5
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movement in Bengal
J U A H 3 7
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goods and consumption M of indigenous products.G 5 4
S , 569
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H
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V U
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S , . 9 U 3insurance
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S T R S 6 95
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V U
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BChemical Store in Bengal, H theU Tata Iron and Steel V in
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B I M G 695
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SS 9895
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G 695 43
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K
K PU
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National leaders of theV USwadeshi movement?
V U
-Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala T Lajpat 3 7 Ray, Bala Gangadara
S 5 4 R ,
Tilak. H S 5 6 9 U
G 8 9
V V
-These leaders were S , together
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U 37
S AM S T 4
-They emphasized S T R the need to end British
S 6 95 rule.
H P U H
G . 98 9 5
,
K A P ,
S M ,
Bala U
KGangadara
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B , P U V
proclamation of BalKGangadharK AP Tilak inspired the Tnational
L S S
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B the nationalist movement Sby G 5 4
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5 69
S 989
the disturbed Indian minds in British rule. S T .
-British journalist and historian Valentine , H A MShirol described
K U R
Thilakan as the father of Indian Kdisturbance. P
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