: Po = a do. ea wo BE _@ el Since the angular position of the votor /s continously vanying with Hme , it is more a — i convenient to Measure angular positiod and 1 velocity wr t+ a synchronously fotaring oxis i i | | Zt Rater axis | | \ 2 6 ee Rotating stator Field i ie 7 | : : | | i \ | f “Stationary axis t } I Cinfiane bus] t 1 — From above Fig» [ @ = 6+ust- —@ ng _time derivaties of above equ = Toki de 2 dé 4 ws at dt qae = 8 —© Pia dl combining equations 2.5 ond 5 ,we get- rrr Po = f-fe = mds =Hds_ —G) dt? TH > This equation is called as swing equation of the synchronous Machine - The swing equation is ao non-linear second -orcler differential equation - Power Angie Curve Before +he swing equation can be Solved , it is Necessary to determine +he depedence of the electrical power output (Pe) upon the rotor angle" Tafinite, bus. Page No. a Simplified machine model: = ~ Fig. shows synchronous Machine connected foan! infinite bus through a_tnansmission line of & rea-} ctance 'x? = Apply KVL_to loop, ~IX-v+ E =0 E-v ={xr I= E-v JX | HIEIZS - viz tor) 16126 —viZ-90_| 1x1 Zqo* Ixb2zqo" IxL | T cleliv) 2 6-40 @r) LE} 28-90 - Iv) 2-40" | 1X1 x1 ix] - Take conjugate of current TY = tenvi 2@o-S) Con) JEL 46-5) oI ego | j x! x) Ix] | [ -__ complex power | s = vrX Gr) | = v[telivl 2@o-d) vie! 290-5)-1vieq6 |) { Cixi [x xi J P+jQ = IElIvl c@o-d) - ivi ego" Ix! Ix} lEnv! cos(qo-S) +jlenvi sin(qd-5)_ = xt Ix] Wie cos (40) ay [singo* 1x1 1x) Equating neal & imaginary part Pp = Ely) sin’ s COS q0'=0 1x} 0S (qo-6) 2510S- 2 @ =JENVI cos§ - tv Sinead Pago No. . ‘x1 sinkstaed) Pe = lelivi sind —@Q. 1x! Fax = ELI! Ix] The swing equation (6) can now be coritten as 4 ff = P= Pnax sind: —@) Tre i> = Power angie curve shows relationship between Steady state real power variation wnt? the rotor angle = Graphical plot_of power angle equct¥on is as Shown below, 5 — Fig- Power angle cusve- Lo CS