VARIABLE LOADS AND VARIABLE STRESSES

Reverse Load Repeated Load Varying Load Fluctuating Load

𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑟 𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑐

(𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎)
; ;
𝐴 𝐽 𝐼
𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝐹𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑇𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑟 𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑐
(𝑎𝑛𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎)
; ;
𝐴 𝐽 𝐼
𝑆𝑚 0 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛

2 2 2
𝑆𝑎 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛

2 2 2

Design Criteria
Endurance Strength 𝑆𝑛: Soderberg Equation (Ductile Materials):

𝑆𝑛 = (𝐿. 𝐹. )(𝑆𝑖. 𝐹)(𝑆𝑢. 𝐹)(𝑆𝑛′ )

 𝑦 𝑛

1 𝑆𝑚 𝑠 𝑆𝑎 𝑠
𝑁 = 𝑆𝑦 𝑠 + 𝑆𝑛 𝑠 𝑆𝑦𝑠 = 0.6𝑆𝑦

Where criteria: 1 < N ≤ 2

Goodman Equation (Brittle Materials):

1 𝑆𝑚 𝑆𝑎
= +
𝑁 𝑆𝑢 𝑆𝑛

1 𝑆𝑚 𝑠 𝑆𝑎 𝑠
𝑁 = 𝑆𝑢 𝑠 + 𝑆𝑛 𝑠 𝑆𝑢𝑠 = 0.75𝑆𝑢

𝑆𝑎 = 0;𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑎𝑡 𝑆𝑦
𝑆𝑚 = 0; 𝑓𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑆𝑛

1 𝑆𝑚 𝑆𝑎
= +
𝑁 𝑆 𝑆
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