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Accomplishment Report
Activity 6
PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS
A. Physical Properties of Fats and Oils
A. 1 Taste and Odor

Sample Taste Odor

Coconut Oil

Cooking Oil

Linseed Oil

Margarine

Lard

Corn Oil
 B. Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils
B. 1 Unsaturation

Sample No. of Drops

Coconut Oil

Cotton Seed Oil

Olive Oil

Corn Oil

Answers:

B. 2 Acrolein Test

Sample Odor

Coconut Oil

Beeswax

Answers:
 B. 3 Test for Rancidity

Sample Observation

Blue Litmus pH

Fresh Oil

Rancid Oil

Answers:

C. Test for Cholesterol

Sample Observation

Test Tube 1

Test Tube 2

Answers:
 Activity 6
PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS

Lipids are biomolecules that are important constituents of protoplasm, characterized by being
insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like ether, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.

Fats and oils are the most abundant form of lipids. Chemically, they are esters of fatty acids and
glycerol. They all contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, sometimes contain nitrogen and
phosphorus.

In the animal body, they form the major store of reserve food supply, being derived from the fat
and carbohydrates of the diet.

A. Physical Properties of Fats and Oils

Pure fats and oils are generally white or yellow, maybe solid or liquids. They are also odorless and
tasteless. However, fats become rancid over period of time which results to an unpleasant odor taste.
Fats and oils are insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents.
They are lighter in water and have greasy feeling.

A. 1 Taste and Odor

Materials:
A. Reagents: Coconut oil, linseed oil, margarine, lard, cooking oil, corn oil
B. Apparatus: test tubes, spatula, triple beam balance, pipette, watch glass

Procedure:
1. Determine the taste and odor of the following:
Coconut oil. Cooking oil, linseed oil, margarine, lard and corn oil
2. Tabulate your observations.

A. 2 Solubility

Materials:
A. Reagents:
Fresh coconut oil, rancid coconut oil, 1M HCI, 1M NaOH ethyl alcohol, chloroform, ether
B. Apparatus: set of test tubes, pipette
Procedure:
1. Into separate test tubes, place 1 mL each of the following: distilled water, alcohol, ether,
chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1M HCI and 1M NaOH.
2. To the first group of solvents, add to each test tube 5 drops of fresh coconut oil.
3. Repeat the test using rancid oil.
4. Note and compare the results.

Questions:
1. Which are the best solvents for the solubility of oil?
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2. What is the effect of rancidity in oil on its solubility?

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B. Chemical Properties of Fats and Oils

The unsaturation of the fatty acid chain is the basis of the degree of unsaturation of glycerides
which are esters of glycerol and fatty acids. The greater number of double bond present in a
glyceride, the more unsaturated it is.

B. 1 Unsaturation

Materials:
A. Reagents: chloroform, cotton seed oil, olive oil, bromine in CHCI3, corn oil
B. Apparatus: set of test tube, pipette

Procedure:
1. Into four test tubes, place 5 drops of the following: coconut oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil and
corn oil.
2. Add 1 mL of chloroform to each test tube.
3. Add drop by drop with shaking a solution of bromine in chloroform until a light orange color is
produced.
4. Note the number of drops of bromine use to yield the color.
 5. Tabulate the results

Questions:
What is the significance of the amount of bromine added each oil sample?
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B. 2 Acrolein Test

When glycerol is heated to a high temperature, especially in the presence of a dehydrating agent
such as a potassium bisulfate (KHSO4), a product called acrolein is produced. This substance us
recognized by its strong, pungent odor. The acrolein test is a test to determine the presence of glycerol.

Other steroids include bile salt, the sex hormones, and the hormones of the adrenal cortex,
hormones, and the hormones of the adrenal cortex.

Materials:
A. Reagents: cholesterol, chloroform, acetic anhydride, conc, H2SO4
B. Apparatus: test tubes, pipette, stirring rod

Procedure:
1. Place 1 mL of chloroform in a test tube. Add a pinch of cholesterol and dissolved it using stirring
rod.
2. Add drop by drop 1 mL concentrated sulfuric acid. Take note of the color formed each in each
layer.
3. In another test tube, dissolve a pinch of cholesterol in 3 mL chloroform. Add 1 mL acetic
anhydride then carefully add 2 drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. Mix the contents and take
note of the color changes. After 5 minutes take note again the color of the solutions.

Question:
Discuss the significance of this test.
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