Full Name: Galudang, John Rheiner L.

Date: February 19, 2022

Course and Section: BS ARCH 1- A Activity No: 3

1. What is gender and development?

I define "gender" by the sex organs any mammal / individual was born with, as I was taught in
high school biology. That is, if the animal or person has a penis, he is a male, and if the person has a
vagina, she is a female. Furthermore, according to PGB Gender and Development Website, gender and
development  refers to the development perspective and process that is participatory and empowering,
equitable, sustainable, free from violence, respectful of human rights, supportive of self-determination
and actualization of human potentials. It seeks to achieve gender equality as a fundamental value that
should be reflected in development choices and contends that women are active agents of development,
not just passive recipients of development.

2. Define the following: gender equality, gender mainstreaming, gender bias.

A. Gender equality
Gender equality means the equality of various aspects between men and women. These
aspects include right to freedom, freedom of even the trivial things like freedom to take necessary
decisions regarding their lives, education freedom to drive, equality to take part in the governance
of the country and so more. Moreover, it refers to the principles asserting the equality of women
and men and their right to enjoy equal conditions realizing their full human potentials to
contribute to and benefit from the results of development, and with the State recognizing that all
human beings are free and equal in dignity and rights
B. Gender mainstreaming
Gender mainstreaming means integrating a gender equality perspective at all stages and
levels of policies, programmers and projects. Women and men have different needs and living
conditions and circumstances, including unequal access to and control over power, resources,
human rights and institutions, including the justice system. The situations of women and men also
differ according to country, region, age, ethnic or social origin, or other factors. The aim of
gender mainstreaming is to consider these differences when designing, implementing and
evaluating policies, programmers and projects, so that they benefit both women and men and do
not increase inequality but enhance gender equality. Gender mainstreaming aims to solve
sometimes hidden- gender inequalities. It is therefore a tool for achieving gender equality.
C. Gender bias
As far as I know, gender bias is a preference, rational or otherwise, for or against one sex
or the other. In addition, gender bias is any one of a variety of stereotypical beliefs about
individuals on the basis of their sex, particularly as related to the differential treatment of females
and males. These biases often are expressed linguistically, as in use of the phrase physicians and
their wives (instead of physicians and their spouses, which avoids the implication that physicians
must be male) or of the term he when people of both sexes are being discussed.

3. Why is the women sector given special consideration in nation building?

Women sector given special consideration in national building because the role of women is the
same as the role of men. Both men and women are important to nation building because people are
important to nation building. Also, because women could be “agents of change” for sustained socio-
economic development and security around the world. “Without women’s empowerment and gender
equality, societies will not be able to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and their full
development potential.
4. What is the role of men in gender and development?
The role of men in gender and development are men are likely to benefit from broad social and
cultural changes associated with gender equality. Also, they are expected to display attributes such as
strength, power, and competitiveness, and less openly display emotion and affection (especially toward
other men).Less rigid stereotyping of masculinity can increase options for men and yield benefits in
psychological well-being for men and boys. In addition, Research has shown that the value-added for men
of increased involvement in families includes improved bonding and relationships with children and
improved relationships between women and men, leading to greater emotional maturity in men and more
enjoyment of life.

Reference link:

https://gad.bulacan.gov.ph/definition_of_terms.php

https://www.coe.int/en/web/genderequality/what-is-gender-mainstreaming

https://dictionary.apa.org/gender-bias

https://pcw.gov.ph/republic-act-7192-women-in-development-and-nation-building-act/

https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/news/speech2007/CH_stmts/2007%20Harvard%20Club
%20Men%20May%202007.pdf