G

COAL AND
O
O
D

PETROLEUM
D
A
Y

GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERS

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Topic Learning Outcomes.

01 Coal 02 Petroleum 03 Origin and

Occurence

04 Pre-requisite 05 Petrology
and Conditions
of Oil Reservoir

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3
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ANG BUHAY AY WEATHER
WEATHER LANG
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 Did you know?
COAL
C
O ●More than 90% of US coal is used for electricity.
A
L ●The main use of coal is electricity generation

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 Did you know?
P
E PETROLEUM
T
R
●Petroleum can occur in liquid, gaseous, or solid
O
L forms.
E
U ●The ancient Egyptians used liquid forms of
M petroleum as a medicine

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We will talk
about COAL
first.
It is a combustible sedimentary rock
formed through the process “coalification”

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•It occurs as layers or seams, ranging
in thickness; composed mostly of
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and smaller
amounts of nitrogen, Sulphur and other
elements; also contains water and
particles of other inorganic matter

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COAL
BROWN COAL
● has low energy and high ash
content
● Unsuitable for export and us
used to generate electricity
in power stations located at
or near the mine
BLACK COAL
● Harder than brown coal and
has higher energy content
○ Thermal (steaming) coal
○ Metallurgical (coking)
coal
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 Coal Reserves
are discovered through explorations which involves
extensive use of geophysical surveys

•Mined by both surface or ‘’open cut’’ (opencast) and underground (deep)

mining methods depending on the local geology of deposit
Underground mining – accounts 60% of world coal production
Open cut mining – economic when coal seam(s) is near the surface

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