St wee Aweden sie All (Sequence) werd aria Gude ad Ba WB, “aude saUAL (AsM) Real avis 2...” Rs Read GBe Antal aedouAl as (Aa) ow dla.” Fat aval adie wadai, ddl wu Gar ten uepilad a. dour aaa Maint vical ad 8. Rani Ag A aivuaded ys Wel A. 1, 2, 3,4... 0 ARES, aud 12 att Rell wert ws sll MA. 3A aly Me B aA, abued CA Rell mf We ealaat AD airy 4, RAL a, HEEL T, RAL uy, BARELY, Bal adel Gua sf dil. Gualsa Aell 2 dally 2 ye 2d. wR Beals Geer AA = @) MaRS Ded wD sew @ d. 3A © 25000 -L wwls WR T 1000) Sma HA Ad raid B sill ugeiiael dew youre Aad 8 wud ad. ent al aus our < 25000. ofles af wale wou © 26000/- alle. af oufis wor % 27000/- ‘aauuerl aid] Le Avfl 25,000, 26,000, 27,000,... HAO. aL AGM “alec? afl B, sr 3 Ls] aaa yon Bauds axl wl a Pralh (superenmustion) Anaad seta AA saell wa HAL, ( dela a att fad AAA AS ai dae % maqam we a2) wal T, = 25000 + ( — 1)1000. (2) MWA Act weed © 3000 M2 aazd Ho, a HH AE Ad FasL YA crams ae Rea, alaiel ara sil 62 Wet (oN waf-u wal) vid AD vad Ved & 100 yard ag of Add oad Vari As dl did 6s DA a wai YM ad ofl Oa VAHL HL seek WAL cal yell = 3009, T 3100, F 3200, F 3300 FA UN aL Aa 2H Yat ADs WAL aunt aall (Finite Soquence)¢ Getezat B. stil T,, = 3000 + (wm — 1)100. G) As Ren isa YO aaa we vould As dell d. Bld Day NoRaed agent dl old wae ya, as Waly ale Ded 15, AM Gye zt sual so wi AA Aza HMw ine ye udiun els wo eel oan GA azar a eallacl Aft = 15, 30, 45,.., 750 291 8. wd T, = 15n, 1SnS50,nE ND ‘wagla 5.1(@) As Be aude d, dell ugriea wBigadd Asad 4 Buded oval, el 2 auz Budell sugeien wiaBigada Beau 16 Bde vad, war, Gftelill As As 1, 4, 16, 64,... Hal, Acids ZA su Bat ww aad vail asad, auel T, = 1, Ty = 4 = 2, Ty = 16 = 24, Ty = 64 = 25, SUM T, = 220 -D de aaRu wie wad. © Awana gerard aidan Awd wel Ds AsMl AGA. au Del sug 5.4 qa Wissel asuri, yy gal viedadai, maar fs wea ei BH vel ol anealmriai war 4A Bd. au ARMA aUNA 1A oumufad sete WON ay = 1, oY NE a = 1, dA fly Ue WA aR Ut Ee Ye HD 4, = % 1 + yy M23, aire alg Ne WA cue WAY eds Me Add HLL A varL acum MA, Aelia VA AL wud aa = 1, 1,2,3, 5,8, 13, 21, 34. BL Aelly wA B AoduA Dell. Leonardo Pisano Bigollo also known as Leanardo of Pisano, Leonardo Bonacci, Leonardo Fibonacci was an Italian mathematician. In the 13th century, he pulished Liber Abaci. He recognised that arithmetic with ‘Hindu- Arabic numerals is simpler than Roman numerals. Original problem about how fast rabbits could breed in ideal circumstances generates Fibonacci sequence. Born : C 1170, Died : C 1250 (aged around 80), ‘Known for : Fibonacci number, Fibonacci prime, Brahmagupta-Fibonacci identity, Fibonacci polynomials, Fibonacci pseudoprime, Fibonacci word, Reciprocal Fibonacci constant. BNA Ay ta UREA ASA, Baa Ds A (BLE a WA led stud) FA NAL AE ABA Yiet LH BAA B weed aL AMA B.A eae WAL ER ABA DES AS (A Ut DS a BEA ARIA AL ALT BL ABA, 24 ll aaa AD avid Ml eRe ad B. aug WER OA? ~ass wawdl au Rint eau ae uA dl & Beds emia’ aud B, dat aud aug 60 sil vad B. aug ut ¥ alta 1 a As wall exeuad aaaidl As (rar steer aatai dl) Badl gi A ale. wlan uel ageauedl cw wR LAA. 2 ota yeaa WEL ALY A. WGA AR weve Ae Rend AN A. olen all aqpuuded aan As 18 3. Al ull gaat a AS AE el REAL AL suIMA, HPL HDA NAA AR HEAL AUC aaiaietl dl +1 afl = 2-4 wa 4. Dar all ageucedd Gol Rs BS add AA we aU B aA F add As dl A ura al Awe A gpl od. otek len ued appucell 2 GAL + 1 al = 3. AE Hed, alae Al 2— [ig ade] By Be uy ge : _ae yey BEUBESUEOB + = aug 5.6 mat Za els wall agaucni 1d aeatell AS 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144,... Mma, ‘The number of petals on many plants is a Fibonacci number. Ase ae wa 1 » e 3 petals Lily, Iris 5 petals Butter cup, Wild rose, Pinks 8 petals Detphiniums 13 petals Ragwort, Corn marigold, Cinearia, Some daisies 21 petals Aster, Chicory 34 petals Plantain, Pysethrum 55, 89 petals Michael daisies (© ~*Rouriel All 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,... A Yad auBa of BB au Aol aia B. wag Att mau Ye MBAS aot aL sua waa ae 2 AS wow yols wl A) wRouw yale uaa oO 1 1 5 10 5 1 Gua Gievi ealdar Reel wad dade idl dell 1, 3, 6, 10,.. 8. aA Bieta aruadell AeM 48 8. Au mau ved Zs at 0,7, = AOSD fe , fee eN say Sai AS va we git ude eesnde stew Gael ven 8. ewsied BAe oud 3d.——_- 5.2 ania? Asi (Arithmetic Progression) aout ofl aude seysd atel aad : @ 25,8, 11. Q) 17,13, 19... @) 99,97, 95, 93, (A) 10,95, 9, 85, 8. (1) aia Bs Ne A AMI auotM Ne sai 3 Gag ad B, T-T)=%-T,=%y-% 53 A wuel aS 2 eheunildl sdsaellll aut & oud Pattern) Aig, 22 B. a aucl AGMA aviiae Ae sdavd oud 8. ou Aelld WHE NE 2 BAA AS wa Het yas PAB aga T,, )—T, = dA au Aaa WINN Abid DUAL Agldd SdaUMi aUa DB. AC NAL Ye a WA aolad d mete DSA a Aeflat maint Ya A wud arf asta + 2243=5,5+3=8,84+3=11,.. ai. ait Aol avid Ae 8, au Ahi aus ve sf ed? T,=24+3=5,T;=543=24+343=24+2-3= @ad3-1) Tp 8F35SF34352434343924 3-351 GA 4-1) ait 2UNd aaput 4 AMAT T, = 24-03 = 30-1 @) FH (Hi B aH rel Ya eds US adel BEIM YE seal 6 Fed a4 B. AUB T, = 1+ (n= 16 = 6x — 5 Hag BEA, @) *dl eds Ne aefl BUH Ye sedi 2 Fed ily Med 3-2 Ged aud d. 1, =99-2= 99 + (-2)L, T,=97-2=99-2-2= 99+ (22 T, $99 +23 BAL, T, = 99 + (-2)(n — 1) = -2n + 101 2d 3 101 — 2», (4) >u Asiai (1) yw d= 0.5 Had, T, = 10-40 — 1) = n+ A= F217 mt ot Agial ‘ria’ Aol B Azad} AS viAM ve ae mat ver cums ve 5d B. BUA Aglad d YAR BAM BD. F ACM As APia aes aia aig add Qu 2A du eds shes ved asad uaa asiat dae (yeu Rarrd) atan da A ABTA aide Asll suai aud d. (aud astad = 2udd ve — ad eurnd ve) PU A BUNT BaiAe ACNY we Ys a WA BUY agiad d Buda du, dd AUN aiyst ew DA wud aul asta. 0+ dy GF 2d, a+ Bdyng 2+ (= Vig UME UE T, = a + (n— 1d A wiae ACL wd du WA A nw WB vel wll da A Aly nef US (mth term) 1, = a+ (a Dd wu Ash 2M ue 3 Beg UE (Last term) sari. Ae 2, 5, 8, 11, Bat wl ou Aefl war Ae @ ax sdardl aaa av. a=2,d=5-2=3 alae asl 95: at (n— Id =2+3(n- 1) =3n BT, = Mer = De = 2Y(0 = 39 = 4) = + SELDRBIN=O _ ey — Yn — 24 = 4) + MZ VABION=D 469, sidl MeL T, = 2, T, = 5, T; = 8,7, = 11 WEG Ty # 14. 44S Ty = 278. Aol AS ASMA wine Aol céB alamed! awd T, — Ty = 7, Ty = aw A sheaehl au © Wild (pattern) ang 22 8 Av wud wudens B. As moiead wet d=", mtn 4A 1, — T,= a+ (m— Dd- [a+ 1d) = (m— ma . d= (mn #0) Getdaal 1: DR aude aria Aefide WAAL Ne A aU astad ADL () 3,6,9, 12, (2) 100, 98, 96,.. G 4a our shes ws RA. (4) Gat sai Ae) UL WIRE adaad FO Bord ais yee du, ba : (1) au apting Ash WB a =3,d=6- (@T,-7, (2) A Bride AB M2 a = 100, d = 98 — 100 = -2 B) 4,8, 120A 4 tL HEL SHE WAS Yael Del B, s -4=4 (4) FA Dowd vis qe Da ad au wylas aiausde dell A wud va. 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,... * a= 10,d=20-10=10 Gee 2; lA ede amiae Hellen v2 war awe ua avd, Bai (1) Wa Me 5 BEL BA delat 3 8. 2) WAN Me 20 aL BEL agiad —2 8. G) WHE ve 3 HA aU agtad 48. (4) WOE Ye —7 WA aU délad —5 8. Gla (a= 5,d=3 T,)=54+3=8,1,-843-1L,T=1143=14 uididl anice Aeil 5, 8, 11, 14,... 8. a=20,d=-2 T, = 20+ (-2)= 18, T, = 18 + (-2) widell ati Aell 20, 18, 16, 14,.. 8. a=-3,d=4 T= 34451, 514455, 954459 wide aide Ae -3, 1, 5, 9,... B 1 — Ty aR ad WA) a=4, 16, Ty = 16 + (-2)= 14 96 alia 10AT + (-8)=-22 124 (-5)=-17,% fs Mie wine Dell —7, 12, -17, -22,... 8. Gena 3: AA aude Aelad AA 45 Ael aviiae Ae B a sl 2. (uel A} vail sdsaeled Aw oud (pattem) wad WA.) % Asi amide doll da a All WB aur dead AD Q) 11,21, 31, 41,.. @) 1,0,1,0, @) 22,22, (4) -8,-12,-16,-20 GBA: (YET =13- 1 =T- T= 10 AeA uate silaelll ou ott (pattern) aA-paRaPAl axl B AM AKL aT A Ad aurddll Rell aia AN 8, Mia= 11 wd= 108. @) wd T)-T,=-1,T;-T=1 ell aide Ae arviae All tell @) w Ael WT, —7,=7)- T=... =08. uot Del awiide Aol daa wz Acted aur asad yAlag van Ae ASA. del Avil aaiaa AeM el. @) Ty = Ty = 12 = (8) = 4, T3 — Ty = -16 ~ C12) = -4, Ty - Ty = 20 - (16) = 4 BUH Aiallat sPis Yel asta ya aeUet B. dell uelell oAdsaallell 2A % oud BiqARAAL ma Bam Atl aS dl a AsMl arid del B Fi a=-8 B au d=—4 B. ein? ALS, 11, Tyan 101 ve ARE, 5,d=6,n= 101 +@- Dd 5 + (101 ~ 1)6 = 5 + 600 = 605 Aeld 1014 ue 605 8. GeUsVA SF; Alt WHide ARM 5, 10, 15, 20,..., 200 ott ele amu aitHl. ha: WA 3 Aa vA we 200A AEMY nA Ve B. T, = 200, a=5,d=5 a+ (n= 1d = 200 5 +(n— 1)5 = 200 l+n-1=40 n= 40 we Abii veel au 40 8. Gens2Mt 6 : arias sll 200, 196, 192). -200 4 AS ve yr AS ab ? Ghat : a= 200, d= 196 — 200 = -4 Aas da di wa 3 7, = 0. A, T,= a+ - d= + 200-41) =0 50-n+1=0 n=51 1, 2U apie Belly, SI] ve ya 8. Geman 4 alae ASM ”——_- -_ Geis 7 AMAR AALS, 9, 13, 17a. 4 54 Ne 101. 7 AS Ue 203 AS a ? Ge : wie Ae we a-5,d-9-5-4 ual 3 Aelly, ma ve 101 8. oT, = 101 at+(n—1)d= 101 S+(—14= 101 A(n = 1) = 96 n-1=24 n=25 Aeld 254 ue 101 8. sy dM dl ad 3, T,, = 203, a+ (m— 1)d = 203 5+ (m= 14 = 208 sm = 1) = 198 wid 198, 4 FedN ous vel o aed m yale sell (m= B +1 = 301) Ad Rell AS wa ve 203 dS a asl. Gere 8: A apie Aely 74 Ye 108 AA If ve 212 dad ad nf we DD Gha :edl T, = 108, Ty, = 212 © a+ 6d = 108 A a+ 10d = 212 Gueeti allseeldl dgiad Aci, dd = 104 d=26 a= 108 ~ 6d = 108 ~ 156 = ~48 a+ (n= 1d = -48 + 26(0 = 1) at+(n- Id) Getw2A 9 : Aled BAiAe AsM 11, 17, 23, 29,..., 605 Hl2 Bee 74 ve alld. Ga sa= 1, d=6 A 605 A ell ni ue du dl, 605 = 11 + 62 — 1) 6(n — 1) = 594 n= B41 29941 = 100——__ —s-_ ——_—— A Aadg BAA 74 we A 9H we B (100 = 7-41) Toy = 11+ (94-16 =a+@- Dd) 1493x6 69 AeA n velll aur Dell M2 Aalld Bedell oj ve A agruaell GW — K+ 1) Ue @. sles lt : 2uud All YALA Gaal sti eUll Asll 605, 599, 593... Rear 422, a= 605,d ae awd 2a Awl M2 T, adda 8. T, = 605 + (7-1-6) = 605 — 36 = 569 mira Buia Aelal @ NEA ANA mye As oLel AHA, aa oP AA Sys aH el UA, AMAA Pdeoui syst mequa saul Ua B. Gee 10: As Jara Yawn HA Rel Ja Quai sun BF As wre aga ousted sal ol, suai Udell eieti 25 Yate Ls B. oe wei 21 WA dw oudell wRAi edi Beall eRME aural Wi Ls B. Yau. svi Fadl we wd 7 ha sal a= 25,d= 4 ae yeu Hel ava aviiae Aeloai B, wa 3 del we nl se 8. 6 T, sat (n= Id $ =25+ (0-1-4) 20 = -4(n — 1) n=6 gent RUE 6 eB. Gee 11: 7 ot Beat Yd aa vide aia Da ? syle 58 ae: ST ott oat BAL Hae sat $404k ARAL 105, 112, 119..... 994 B. a= 105,d=7, 7, = 994 994 = 105 + 1m ~ 1) MBen-1 n-1= 127 n= 128 Ae ae A HaaAi 7 ot Yd su 128 3, sila: uma 105 A 994 Bel Za He 7 mat aif Htadl ude aia 100 8. 100= 7-14 +2 TM +245= 761447 = 105 100 A743 ous au 2 Amal. 6a 100 ai (7 - 2) = 5 GAA 105 aa, aAat 2idlell abel DAL iv 999 3. 999A 7 ad ourai an sad d. 999 = 7-142 +5 aell_999 — 5 = 994 A_7 ad Rou aie Dal am aide eeu 8. alee Ast 9Gewwem 12 : wrine Aeli AT A vA aut daa ase B 7? Ga sw AT, =T, A mend a at(m—Id=at(n—Id ~ (m= nd =0 wig m#n, ald = 0. vig, wine ARMA APU dated yaa WA 3. Gewsea 13: wid? Ae : 112, 107, 102,.. f Beand ve a Aeld war wea ue da ? Gla: WA 3 Aa > We Aad WHE wa ve B. a=112,d=-5 A T,<0 2 12+ (= C8) <0 112 <5(n— 1) n>iB+d n>B4 23.4 eA DA atti teh n € NA 24 8. aida ASL 112, 107, 102). 4 2494 ve A Ad WL MEL NEB, Genaa 14: Be] AG We 17 da WA 104 Me A THE Ye Heal 12 Bed ay da A apiiae Dell AML GA sil Typ = Ty + 12. AM Tyg —T, = 12 and meld Si 3 a= w Tysat3d=17 6 ati2=17 a=s Awl widla aniae Ae 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25,... Ty 25 + An 1) =4n + 1 Hide, artiae Rel 8. Gewwea 15 : sa m wz Aell 231, 228, 225... WA 3, 6,9... tlm AL NEL Blt dla 7 Ghat ; Ae 231, 228, 225,... WB @ = 231, d=—3 Ty = 231 + (n= 1-3) = 3m + 234 All 3, 6, 9,... 42 T,! = 3n A T, = T,) wa ad n edad 8, 3n = —3n + 234 6n = 234 . n=39 ae A eM 39K Ne BAL aH AA A117 da.Geiser 16 : wide ASM : 4, 7, 10, 13,... AA 107, 104, 101,... ti SS VEL wut dS ab 7 4 7 Gha : eu A Achat ASU ve wit A AT ad. war wiar Aelai vela 3 ad ousiai Aw 1 aA B aA oles wide Awllai Ye 3 ad ousai AM 24% B. dell dad AS va ve aaa din dg a a. clas 1, = 304120 TY, = 3m + 110 AT, = 7," da d, ASS m,n © NW 3n +1 =—3m + 110 3m + ni) = 109, 2 154 el. (34 7) 1, DAD sine Aol a2 a WA dural B. wale Aol ad : (a=3,d=2 Q)a=-3,d=-2 @)a= 100, d=-7 (a= 100, d=7 (©) a= 1000, d= -100 2, AA aude AeN aide Aol B 2 adl a 4A 42 (uarA oud ag 28 B AH wh) BA Bailar Del dau a ay wy ue DD: Q) 5,-5,5,-5, @) 2, 2, 2, 2 @ 1,1, 1, 1111,.. (A) 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, (©) 17, 22, 27, 32... 6 101, 99, 97, 95,.. (7) 201, 198, 195, 192,... (8) sat sei ited Sot SARs wags ade All () sa eat Aen 3 akUAL So WIGS YPLae All 3. ol sul aes Dell 2 mf ve aD : 27,12, yn (2) 200, 195, 190, 185,... ) 1000, 900, 800,... 1 @) 50, 100, 150, 200,.. (DAFF, 5, Seu OA, 2, 3.4, Ady 12,23, 34, 45,0 ©3434, 4 5,.. Sop ae ge 4. aniae Del v2 T, WAT, lA yoer sua B. waiae AsMl aa» Q) Ty = 12, Ty, = 2 (= 7, m= 12) @) T= 1, Ty. =-9 = 2, m= 12) 5.) As alae AallMl T, = 8, Tyy = Ty +20. arias All ad, (2) As awiiee DeMi Sof Me 17 HAA UE olla ve seal 35 Beg ay, B. ariiae Aled add. 6, wind Aell 12, 17, 22, 27... d AS ue yu AS a 7 BH 7 7, wie Aal 201, 197, 193, AS ue 5 AS ad ? 8. amine Rell 8, 11, 14, 17, of Beanf ve 272 da? 9, aetiae ASML 3, 6, 9, 12,.. 300 4 BU 104 ve ADL. 10, wride Aell 10, 15, 20, 25, 30,.., 1000 | Bedell ver] ve aie. 11, Be wHiae As T, = 18, Tyg = 7, AX AL Typ) aA, 12, AS amine Avlai T,, MAT, = m dM cl aed Sa ¥ aaiae Aa wud agtad d=-12. 5.3 amide AeMai war mudd eae HA ae Rasen 12 egeaeni € 1000 Haactigl HAD eA cue WAL ea aU AdaceUi = 500 el aural wa 8, © asaluri Ar Bed Hadas) Hod 7 ail HBveltgl AF (1000 + 1500 + 2000 + 2500 + 3000 + 3500) d. Ail aed A ah } oud amine delle awl I sed a man dala we, aie Ast 101a 2 apie ally, wa Ne @ 2A ABU asta dB au Bell my Me T, = a +n — Ded AA Aol nau aM 5,2 eld A, 8, = a+ (a td) + (a+ 2d) + (a+ 3d) +.c¢ [a + 2d] + [a + (2 1D) S, = [a+ (= 1d] + [a + (n = 2d) + [a + (n — 3)d) + [a+ (HAM +.4 @t a +a Gudea ofA anilazeld weare ara sai, 28, = Bat (m= Nd) + a + (nm ~ 1d] Ha. m ac, 28,, = n[2a + (m — 1)d) 8, = 4du[ta + (v - yd) 0 GA AA wud va ol aL S, = fala tat (n— 1d] = fmt) wai A nm veld aid ine AsNy Bed us 8. (= a + @— Dd) Ad 1243+. t= dol + my = MED @ Aa aan yas, wel AsMe ans us T, f ya An + S, = (Ty +1) +1 +47, +T, n-1 + Ty T,=S,-S8,_,, win >1 8 T,=S, Gee 17:5 + 11 + 17 +... Wide AML war nm UE aad sa aU ARH wet 20 ued arated Audi, ha saula Ae WB a=5,d=6 S, = aa +n — Id) = pn [10 + @— 6) Jn (Gn + 4) S, = nGn +2) Agta Har 20 WELL aRaUA Sop = 20(60 + 2) = 20(62) = 1240,2 AL UR wu Awl m veld arawl sl cur aA wad nm ved aah B dX wre, Gee 18: W As Aric Aol 15 ved wean 225 dau WA wr 21 ued ara 441 da dL Acti wat n vee) ara And, Ga : S15 = 225 MA Sy, = 8, = dna + @ — 1d] 225 = Sys = 4(15) Qa + 14d) Issat7d o 4eenyea + 204) + 10d @ aA (ii) L Gba Anadi 3d = 6 M2d Bd =2 a=21— 10d=21 ~ 20 widdl anid? AeM +1, 3, 5, 7,.. 8. T= 1+ n= 1) = 20-1 S, = 4n[2 +29 - D) = nl +n — 1) = nen = wily reidl a= 1d = 2 dl Aell 1, 3, 5,7, 9, My, Qn 1) S)=P,8,=143 Sy=14345= Sp-1F34547= 168 ait, atulKs Jas, =n? sell ase, Gee 19 : aide AM + 7, 11, 15, 19, 23,.. ol Beal veld eave 900 ae ? Ga: 8,=900,a=72d=4 da[l4 + 4@- I= (S, = 42 [2a + (@ - Dal) Tat 10) = 900 2n? + Sn — 900 = (2 = 20)2n + 49) n= 20 aa n = n#—S sand nen. n=20 site Asli 20 vee) ara 900 aa. Gewea 20:6 wt war 30 Ht Yatls afRicbed aati Ama, Guaia 441 = 21 Gha 26 ou Ht yoils yc asc seHi 6, 12, 18, 24, B. el AsMl wide Dell 8. a=6,d=6 Syo= 4 X 30(12 + 29-6) (8, = 4m [a + (w — yal) = $x 30(186) = 2790 Gewsee 21: AT, = 5 — Tn dy, ol au 42} (T,) awdide Dell B AA ou Ae we s, aD Cha 17, =-2,7=-9.75 ae aida Al -2, -9, aie Aol 103——_- (6-7) [5-H - 0) >) Tn = 1) = In -4 (T,} wile del B. ¥ d= 7 S, = 40 Ba + (n~ 1d] = dn DED) = dn em+3) = bit + an Geisea 22 : aus 5.9 vi sis AA Rigsd AWA BA aUsadl In aH] eS aad drawl ang ee (Spiral) Ra B, agaucti AA Be aS 1 Aol Brow aS curse BA ee aS 2 a1 Bee ad, el AA Bs aS 3 AM ewe a6,.... 20 27 wHladn dai B. (AB = 1 A B.) aU gdeell oud ad = 2 ay Gha : eds aeladed dowd mr aa. Is 71,2, 3p, 27 Adi auyatd fA wud wine Asi 4A ‘ 1, 2M, 3%. oy a=M,d=%,n=27 Sy = 427) Qn + 26m) iw = 407082 = 1188 say 59 1, eR auRe aide Aettodtt wert m Webat ateau Read: ERS Yat AU ne YL aMa BY (@) 2,6, 10, 14,.. 20 ve yl 2) 5,7,9, Mya. 30-Me IO. (8) -10, =12, -14, -16,.. 15 ve yl @) 1,15, 2,25, 3... 16 ¥e YL © 44,49... 8 ve yl 2, eA sudan acum 62: (1) 346494... +300 (@) S+10+15 +..+ 100 @) 7412417 +22 +..+ 102 (A) (100) + (92) + 84) +. + 92 © 3+2+17+13+..451) 3. fA aude aie Adel , Sip a. 2) a=2,d=3,04, dl Sy ad. 9, a4, AS, HA Sip AD. (4) Ty =41, 819320, 04, AT, AS, AD, © Sy = 50,a= 05, a d wa. © Sy = 100, d= -2, da, a a sit 4, wide Ast 2, 7, 12, 17... al Beal VAAL azaUet 990 Ue ? 5. Ds alet aide Rally MeOH Ve 5, Be we 45 242 eel WELL eal 5008, a Alltl well ado AD 6. As wre Rally HAM NE HA Ded Me aiqAAl SHA 95.3, A Alla AIA aatad 5H, a naa s, ade, 108 sat 107. Fs amide Aelsi waM nm ued wail Sm — 2n? B. alae Awl ad (2a Baar a a.) 8. 3k Gedy Rouwa da acl ast visi ol wigs dmuried aaaed a 9. 5 el 205 BMI cat ayH aeuadiel aril 521. 10, adie ARM 121, 117, 113, 4 Me Ad WA AL NE GA TA BU MED AL AD da ds, ed. * us Geiseed : Gawam 23: As amine ALY PY LB AG UDA Au ML EFH Ga :t,=F art, = ade d, a+(p—Id= wat (q—Id=F Gude aeilzeded aeodl seat, @-=4-5- d= weak peg a-L-@-ng-1- 22 -P et q @- Dd q Pq Pg pa- Tyg = 4+ 9 — Dd = Be + pave 1 8. Geww2e 24: AAs wie Del 2 mT, = nT, de, A aula LT, ,,—0 Quen) Bh mla + (m ~ 1d] = nla + (n ~ 1d] ma + (on? ~ myd = na + (0? ~ nd (m= na + (nm? = m =n? + md = 0 (m= nha + [im = nym + n) — Mm = ny] = 0 (m — n)a + (m — nm + n= Id = 0 at(m+n—Id=0 (m # ny ST an 20 Geea 25: AAs wide ACM AB T)=p, T= GT, =r ad able 63: Pm — n) + gn =D + rl = m) = 09 (p= gyn + (q = H+ (F — pym = 0. @a: a+(-Id=p at(m—Id=q a+(n—Dd=r (ay SLO, = pm =n) + gn =D + r= m) = [a+ (= Nadim = n) + fa + (om = Dan = D+ fa + (n= a= my = am —n) + a(n ~1) + afl — m) + alll — 1m — n) + (m— Hn = + (2 1 = mI) = 4-04 [Km =n) + mn — 1D) + nl = m) — (m= n= 141m) = a0+d-0=0 Guaid p — q = (= m)d, g — r= (m= nd, — p= (a Dd ant (qn +r — pm = inf — m) + Km — n) + mn — D] = d-0=0 Se aie Aol 105——__—s_ Geiwea 26 : Tet Aa Vda Ht Aided aa Andi, Gla ; aa visa 4a amuzi 100, 101,..., 999. 100= 7-14 +2 105 = 7-144+7= 7(14 +1) @ avai s GAA) 105 A 7d cui aed 3 iA Het yas Ra 3. 999 = 7.142 +5 994 = 999 — 5 = 7-142 (999 ie du 5 one $2) 994A 7 lL Mati A 3 BD HA yels Ua B. aNd A wd ara Anaad d+ 105 + 112 + 119 +..c# 994 994 = 105 + (n — 1)7 994 — 105 = (n= 1) n= 4a 127+ 1 = 128 S, = 4ma+D = $x 128(105 + 994) Gewam 27 : Ay wide All MZ S, =m AAS, =n. IA FAS, = m+n). (men) Shas nw S,=m 4m[2a + (m ~ 1d] = n WA Supa + (m — 1d] = m 2ma + (m2 = m)d = 2n @ se Ina + (? = nd = 2m w G Mie Gi) oe seat 2a(m — nm) + (m2 =n? — m+ nd = -2(m — ny 2am — n) + (m — nm + n — 1)d = -2(m — n) lat (mt n= Vd= 2 (m # 0) 88 Sy yg = Am + ma + (m+n Id) = don + ny-2) Geisee 28: A AS wine Aol ABS, =S, dl wha 13S, =O. (m # n) Gass, = Jmlda + (m — 1d] = Znl2a + — Dd] 2ma + (m2 — md = 2na + (x? = nd 2a(m = n) + (mn? = m =n? + nd = 0 2a(m — n) + (m — nym +n — d= 0 oat (mtn=1d=0 (m # n) £8 Sy 4g = lm + ma + (m+n —Ddl=4-0=0Gerdes 29: WAS wide AW HZ Sy = 16 WA Sig = 8, a > ARMY Wer wa Ue DM GRe : FO Qa + 7d) = 16 WA 4162 + 15d) = 8 Gulls A alse Gadi, d= 3, a= B . save 9 ty off) es a AT, <0, 0 59-6n<0 n> 59 n> B= 983 1 Ty < 08M Aad arid ated yps m= 10 8, i80 Geist 30 : ausaiel 520 wicieled vale 41 eughai ausu wud Dead dl 8, lA aku wei 45 visited 8, acl Guard eds airmi aioe au Add wei WA wielded amu sai 2 Fed a2 B, wioieleiell Beel wie 4a ? ale Gurl wirni Bedi aioieled gil 7% 225 uioielei wie sl a A an Ga oded wee 2 Ge 5 mal auuell wa avriee Agfa weal 45 +43 + 41+... 8 WA Batol 520 UH OB. a= 45,d=-2 S, = 520 = 4n[90 + (m — 1X-2)] = 402 — 2m) = (46 — m) c= 46n + 520= 0 £1 26(n— 20) = 0 n= 26 mua n=20 es An = 26, da a Gua Bell wiri arssiell wiodledel ava : a+ (n= 1d = 45 — 2005) = -5 wig aL wat all wel dau 20 8, Gurl Bee wrri wielded wou a+ (n— Id = 45 ~ 2119) =7A 225 aioiellall sul du cl 45 + 43 + 41 + 39 + 37 = 205 A Nid wri 205 wicielled A Gurl Bel aeMi atari 20 aioweltol aA ase, ysl aiiea Aeledl sdscell au, Gate 31 = Re yl va 42 20 valde Ds sien (Aad) sacl WB B. eds voll deus 10 Mee 8. youll udoud 40 0 HA Gaus 152601 8, wRunded seuaud a Ad susan w2 quia ABE, ge saga edd Gla: war woul Gud 15 dl 8, ofa woRurl Gaus 30 Oo B. 2s wR Gud 15 0 ON Hed 30.15 ad 3. es wore doud wr udleud aq 10 “1 aA 0.4 Md. wm, ABed ge ange = 10 X 0.4 X 0.15 + 10 X 04 X (2 X 0.15) + 10 X 04 X (3 X 0.15) +.. 20 NE BM S, = 10X04 X 0.15 (+2 +3 tut 20) - 2x21 = 196 3 n+ = 10x 6 x aS x BHA = 126 09 (142 tat w= SEED) Gensaa 32: As mips aon aur vide Hdl B. aw ai amiaa AeMai 8. ou svn wad wad 20.8. aiHA Gear sri areuel Hod an A aude ava saci 6174 Feel ay B. dl a wishes vu ed, Gde : UA 2 wys aunt we WA a—3d,a—datd,at3dd, (LE a 3d a—datd.at 3d wide Aelai B WA Ad aut detad 2d B. Briar Asli aa turd a — d, a, atd aS ase wine Adal via dud a — 2d, a-d,aatd, at 2d ad any, wm Rad aed Ba std) a-3d+a-dt+atd+at3d=2 4a= 20 aug5.11 sass wurde aivur 1000(a — 3d) + 100(a — d) + 10(a + d) + (a+ 3d) B. BDA Gear wed wad aon 1000(a + 3d) + 100(a + d) + 10(a—d) t+a—3d GAA. Het tglte 999(a + 3d) + 90(a + d) — 90(a — d) — 99a — 3d) 2997d + 90d + 90d + 2997d = 6174 6174d = 6174 d=1.ad,a=5 wider ais 2, 4, 6,88. idle soa 2468 8. Ga1eem 33 Ade wae aval we A aaa Range B. Ramee A ae RAL HR DEAE TBA vied Redoers wore aDsaaiat B, AMAA rad Rais we Gare! wad B. de raged Rawigsel dads Mavi Ae wee Guill Rares 1 BQ wee Gal UWL 2a B. cue ete HA wane Guill 2 Bol gg Gatel WI AAA BL BUM RaDieyell 6? dee aM eowotl wud Gazer 8 B, wer a Bead wore Gal ied AMM at we aaa WN B, Bead Nene Gd eu 28 210 Bally sine se B. el aed es ee Beer Bal ll wend Garand sue 4 ? 108 ad 10aay 5.12 She; Rays sol oul sid ride LeD$ 2-2 tack mo? WA cURMUE WARM HUA Bead mR Gaul cal YM sd die 1:24.22 tack (@— D240 Waa mad) ail ge dine 20 F243 ttm) FIL FDA Dt aon wile ge id= 4 F243 Hack mon = anne, 2 2+ 2n—n =W+n ua AB ga 210 Bl aide sila 3. 2? + n= 210 2? +n—210=0 (x 10) + 21) =0 n=10 sed ne 2 sat Rawrayed 4 arg 10 Bl yl Beer iGd ume adsaani sued 8, ‘Serdar 34: As Hawaii 8 ciao 1e 8 sui wend aon B, wie FL} oui Vs cioened gis Ad BE Fell sure cisravien seu x sided aRarell dw civate{l weflen sen sist eran Fadi 8. Qa: BB, By By Bs, By By By Atal st aiisloloig sam tel 8 axis mula d. wd bon al guise Geri aa qaitel wa 3, 14243 tut 1 =F DEG HD HAS = (424.4 8) (+243 ttn) @ nant z z go—veneo oe GE OER GE a6 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 one6 sy 5.13 elii 2°93 4 5 6 7 8B arauwi = 35 aaauel = 15 mur wal sitet suis 6 Ad B } Fell aura via siaaint anise ara A usher 6 ciara sist ara Fed B. ‘ania Bell 109,——_ ee 1 WAS wie Aol wD T,= 645 de a 8, ade, 2. AAs wine Del ABS,

2) Oo @ 2 wa @a @ata (9) BS, = 2S, = mas, = Oo @-mtn wo (mtn (@ 2m 2» (Oya Ty = 7 AAT, = 4, AT yy = oOo @s ou @-1 @1 (A 2k +1, 13, 5-3 A As ace Aelei she WA DH dL k=... Oo @i7 os @4 @9 (12) EDEL ED Hk FLED tan = 1 ed) = Oo ot ae @n @r Casyeniae BWC: 5,7, 9, 11, 13, 15,0. Mi dl ARROW aU... Wa oO @B 19 OB @is (aperia? Aol AB Typ — Ty = o @d (10d © 26d @a (Asya AS Bride AM AZ Thy — Typ = 15 da da ARM HB A oO @3 (b) 5 (©) 20 25 * aie Ast m1‘Varahamihira (Devanagari : atfifir) (505-587), also called Varaha or Mihira, was an Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer who lived in Ujjain. He is considered to be one of the nine Jewels (Navaratnas) of the court of legendary ruler Vikramaditya (thought to be the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II Vikramaditya). ‘Works : He was the first one to mention in his work Pancha Siddhantika that the ayanamsa, or the shifting of the equinox is $0.32 seconds. Pancha-Siddhantika : Varahamihira's main work is the book Paiicasiddhantika (or Pancha-Siddhantike, "(Treatise] on the Five [Astronomical] Canons) dated ca. 575 CE gives us {information about older Indian texts which are now lost. The work is a treatise on mathematical astronomy and it summarises five earlier astronomical treatises, namely the Surya Siddhanta, Romaka Siddhanta, Paulisa Siddhanta, Vasishtha Siddhanta and Paitamaha Siddhantas. It is a compendium of Vedanga Jyotisha as well as Hellenistic astronomy (including Greek, Egyptian and Roman elements). He was the first one to mention in his work Pancha Siddhantika that the ayanamsa, or the shifting of the equinox is 50.32 seconds. ‘The 1th century Arabian scholar Alberuni also described the details of "The Five Astronomical Canons": "They {the Indians] have 5 Siddhantas : ‘Surya-Siddhanta, ie. the Siddhanta of the Sun, composed by Latadeva, Vasishtha-siddhanta, so called from one of the stars of the Great Bear, composed by Vishnucandra, Pulisa-siddhanta, so called from Paulisa, the Greek, from the city of Saintra, which is supposed to be Alexandria, composed by Pulisa. Romaka-siddhanta, so called from the Rum, ie. the subjects of the Roman Empire, composed by Srishena. Brahma-siddhanta, so called from Brahman, composed by Brahmagupta, the son of Jishnu, from the town of Bhillamala between Multan and Anhilwara, 16 yojanas from the latter place.” im sult 10