Defined as the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial that will inhibit the visible

growth of a microorganism after overnight incubation

Minimum inhibitory Concentration

This is referred to as a heritable change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene

Mutation

The oxacillin screen plate is recommended test for detecting which organism
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

In the disk diffusion testing, the critical point wherein the amount of drug at a specific
location in the medium is unable to inhibit the growth of the test organism is referred
to as
Zone of Inhibition

These are transposable genetic elements

Insertion sequences

Gene transfer from a donor to a recipient by direct physical contact between cells
Conjugation

In performing antibiotic susceptibility testing, it is important that the culture

1.5 x 108 CFU/mL

The transfer of genes from one cell to another by a bacteriophage is known as

Transduction

What are bacteriocins

Proteins

Which of the mechanisms of the antibiotic resistance are intrinsic and acquired
Efflux and Biofilm

Which of the enzymes are used to cut the recipient DNA?

Endonuclease

Which of the antimicrobials are new analogues of older classes?

A and B

Which of the following culture medium is preferred for antimicrobial sensitivity testing?
Mueller Hinton Agar

Kirby Baur Method is also known as

Disk Diffusion susceptibility testing

Transfer of genes between cells that are in physical contact with one another is known
Conjugation

Which of the following is described as the resistance directly resulting from physical or
chemical characteristics of the environment that either directly alter the antimicrobial
agent or alter the microorganism's physiologic response to the drug
All of the above

Sessile communities of microorganisms that are irreversibly attached to a solid surface

and are embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix.
Biofilms

Which does not apply for antibiotic resistance cause by target site modifications?
SCC mec

The standard incubation duration for broth dilution susceptibility testing is usually
16-18 hrs

Gene Transfer from a donor to a recipient bacteria through a bacteriophage

Transduction

The turbidity standard for comparison of bacterial suspension for antibiotic

susceptibility testing is called
McFarland 0.5 standard

A 150 mm diameter plate of culture medium for antibiotic susceptibility testing can
cater up to how many antimicrobial disks?
12

Which of the following antimicrobial act on cell wall synthesis?

Beta lactams and glycopeptides

The McFarland turbidity standards is composed of which reagents?

9.5 mL

These are extrachromosomal elements found in the bacterium that confers extra
advantages to the bacterium
Plasmid

These are transposable genetic elements that carry one or more other genes in
addition to those which are essential for transposition. The extra genes are located
between the terminal repeated sequences. They can jump from one DNA molecule to
another.
Transposon

Which of the following is the first line therapy of choice for Neisseria gonorrhea
infection
Ceftriaxone

Which of the following antibiotics are generally bactericidal?

Aminoglycosides

Which of the following antibiotics are 3rd generation cephalosporins

Ceftriaxone

Which of the following is a purine base?

Adenosine