AD 2000-Merkblatt

ICS 23.020.30 November 2008 edition

Materials for Forgings and rolled components AD 2000-Merkblatt

pressure vessels made of non-alloy and alloy steels W 13
Corrected version 05.2013

The AD 2000-Merkblätter are prepared by the seven associations listed below who together form the “Arbeitsgemeinschaft Druckbehälter”
(AD). The structure and the application of the AD 2000 Code and the procedural guidelines are covered by AD 2000-Merkblatt G 1.
The AD 2000-Merkblätter contain safety requirements to be met under normal operating conditions. If above-normal loadings are to be
expected during the operation of the pressure vessel, this shall be taken into account by meeting special requirements.
If there are any divergences from the requirements of this AD 2000-Merkblatt, it shall be possible to prove that the standard of safety of
this Code has been maintained by other means, e.g. by materials testing, tests, stress analysis, operating experience.
Fachverband Dampfkessel-, Behälter- und Rohrleitungsbau e.V. (FDBR), Düsseldorf
Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung (DGUV), Berlin
Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V. (VCI), Frankfurt/Main
Verband Deutscher Maschinen- und Anlagenbau e.V. (VDMA), Fachgemeinschaft Verfahrenstechnische Maschinen
und Apparate, Frankfurt/Main
Stahlinstitut VDEh, Düsseldorf
VGB PowerTech e.V., Essen
Verband der TÜV e.V. (VdTÜV), Berlin
The above associations continuously update the AD 2000-Merkblätter in line with technical progress. Please address any proposals for
this to the publisher:
Verband der TÜV e.V., Friedrichstraße 136, 10117 Berlin.
____________

Co nte nts

0 Foreword 4 Marking
1 Scope 5 Verification of quality characteristics
2 Suitable materials 6 Design values
3 Testing

0 Foreword alloy ferritic steels for the construction of pressure vessels

The AD 2000 Code can be applied to satisfy the basic safety
requirements of the Pressure Equipment Directive, princi-
pally for the conformity assessment in accordance with
modules “G” and “B + F”.
The AD 2000 Code is structured along the lines of a self-
contained concept. If other technical rules are used in ac-
cordance with the state of the art to solve related problems,
it is assumed that the overall concept has been taken into
account.
The AD 2000 Code can be used as appropriate for other
modules of the Pressure Equipment Directive or for different
sectors of the law. Responsibility for testing is as specified
in the provisions of the relevant sector of the law.
1 Scope
1.1 This AD 2000-Merkblatt covers forgings (open-die or
closed-die forgings) including bar-shaped forgings and com-
ponents produced in ring rolling mills (e.g. seamless rolled
rings), hot-extruded hollow components with end plates and
hot-rolled and extruded long products (e.g. steel bars) –
called components in the following – made of non-alloy and
operated at working temperatures and ambient tempera-
tures down to –10 °C and up to the upper temperature limits
specified in clause 2 (for definitions of product shapes, see
DIN EN 10079). For working temperatures below –10 °C,
AD 2000-Merkblatt W 10 also applies.
1.2 For components made of austenitic and austenitic-fer-
ritic steels, AD 2000-Merkblatt W 2 applies.
1.3 For hollow components specified in 1.1 as pressure
vessel shells, AD 2000-Merkblatt W 12 applies. Nozzles and
similar components having an outside diameter ≤ 220 mm
without any limit on length and an outside diameter
> 220 mm for lengths up 400 mm that are connected to a
pressure vessel, are not regarded as a pressure vessel
shell.
1.4 For flanges, AD 2000-Merkblatt W 9 applies.
1.5 If the components are to be further processed, e.g. by
forming or welding, the HP series of the AD 2000-Merkblät-
ter covering further processing and testing after further
processing shall be taken into consideration.
1.6 The basic requirements for the materials and material
manufacturers are specified in AD 2000-Merkblatt W 0.

I
I
Supersedes February 2004 edition; = Amendments to previous edition; I = Correction
I

AD 2000-Merkblätter are protected by copyright. The rights of use, particularly of any translation, reproduction, extract of figures, transmission by
photomechanical means and storage in data retrieval systems, even of extracts, are reserved to the author. Beuth Verlag has taken all reasonable
measures to ensure the accuracy of this translation but regrets that no responsibility can be accepted for any error, omission or inaccuracy. In cases of
doubt or dispute, the latest edition of the German text only is valid.
 AD 2000-Merkblatt
Page 2 AD 2000-Merkblatt W 13, 11.2008 edition

Table 1. Assignment of the steel grades in 2.1 to 2.3 to the relevant standards and application limits

Material No. Steel name (according to DIN EN 10027-1) Design Normal

(according to temperature1) delivery di p 2)
DIN EN 10027-2) DIN EN 10025-2 DIN EN 10250-2 DIN EN 10207 °C condition
1.0038 S235JR+N S235JRG2 –

1.0044 S275JR+N – –

1.0112 – – P235S

1.0116 – S235J2G3 –

1.0117 S235J2+N – –

1.0130 – – P265S ≤ 300 N3) ≤ 20000

1.0145 S275J2+N – –

1.0570 – S355J2G3 –

1.0577 S355J2+N – –

1.0596 S355K2+N – –

1.1100 – – P275SL
1)
See clause 5 of AD 2000-Merkblatt B 0. For steel grades specified in DIN EN 10025-2 and DIN EN 10250-2, the limit dimensions
given in Table 3 are to be noted for design temperatures above 50 °C.
2)
Applicable only to pressure vessels and pressure vessel attachments. Product of the largest inside diameter di in mm of the pressure
vessel or of the attachment and a maximum allowable pressure PS in bar.
3)
In the case of forgings, replacement of normalizing by normalizing forming is not permitted.

2 Suitable materials
The following may be used:
2.1 The steels listed in Table 1 for general purpose
according to DIN EN 10250-2 within the application limits
given in Table 1.
2.2 The non-alloy structural steels listed in DIN EN 10025-2
in the form of long products within the application limits giv-
en in Table 1. The copper content of these structural steels
shall be limited to a maximum of 0,40 % in the cast analysis.
2.3 The steels listed in Table 1 for simple pressure vessels
according to DIN EN 10207 in the form of long products
within the application limits given in Table 1.
2.4 The weldable fine-grain structural steels listed in
Table 2 according to DIN 17102 (only in the form of long
I products) and DIN 17103 in conjunction with the relevant
I
I VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
2.5 The weldable fine-grain structural steels listed in
Table 2 according to DIN EN 10222-4 in conjunction with
the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter 352/3, 354/3 and 356/3.
2.6 The high-temperature ferritic and martensitic steels
listed in Table 2 according to DIN EN 10222-2 (including the
national annex). For the steel grades 14MoV6-3,
X10CrMoVNb9-1 and X20CrMoV11-1, the VdTÜV-Werk-
stoffblätter 184, 511/3 and 110 are also applicable.
2.7 The weldable steels listed in Table 2 according to DIN
EN 10273. For steel grades P275NH, P355NH and
P460NH, the VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter 352/1, 354/1 and 357/1
are also applicable.
2.8 The nickel steels with specified low temperature prop-
erties listed in Table 2 according to DIN EN 10222-3 up to
50 °C. Table 3 a of AD 2000-Merkblatt W 10 applies for
short-term operation at higher temperatures.
2.9 Other materials after qualification testing. They shall
have the values characterizing the material and meet the fol-
lowing minimum requirements:
2.9.1 The elongation after fracture A at room temperature
shall be at least 14 % in the specimen direction tr/t1) and at
least 16 % in the specimen direction l1).
2.9.2 The impact energy of the V-notch specimen at the
lowest working temperature, but not exceeding 20 °C, shall
be at least 27 J in the specimen direction tr/t1) and at least
39 J in the specimen direction l1).
2.9.3 For steel grades with a minimum tensile strength ex-
ceeding 590 MPa, the non-sensitivity to brittle fracture shall
also be noted.
3 Testing
3.1 DIN EN 10250-1 and -2 are the standards governing
components made of materials specified in 2.1. However,
for closed-die forgings with a unit weight of up to 120 g, the
scope of testing shall be as described in DIN EN 10222-1,
12.1. Testing is carried out on casts. For components of
thicknesses ≥ 6 mm, the impact test shall be carried out if
specimens as indicated in the standard are capable of being
taken. In this case, the requirements of DIN EN 10250-2
shall be met, but at least 27 J.
3.2 DIN EN 10025-2 covers the testing of long products
made of steels specified in 2.2. Testing is carried out on
casts. For steel grades of quality group JR with nominal
thicknesses ≥ 6 mm, the impact test shall be carried out.
1)
The requirements of DIN EN 10222 are applicable.
 AD 2000-Merkblatt
AD 2000-Merkblatt W 13, 11.2008 edition Page 3

Table 2. Assignment of the steel grades in 2.4 to 2.8 to the relevant standards

Material No. Steel name (according to DIN EN 10027-1)

(according to
DIN 17102 DIN 17103 DIN EN 10222-2 DIN EN 10222-3 DIN EN 10222-4 DIN EN 10273
DIN EN 10027-2)
1.0345 – – – – – P235GH
1.0352 – – P245GH – – –
1.0425 – – – – – P265GH
1.0426 – – P280GH – – –
1.0436 – – P305GH – – –
1.0460 – – P250GH – – P250GH
1.0461 StE 255 – – – – –
1.0462 WStE 255 – – – – –
1.0463 TStE 255 – – – – –
1.0473 – – – – – P355GH
1.0477 – – – – P285NH –
1.0478 – – – – P285QH –
1.0481 – – – – – P295GH
1.0486 StE 285 – – – – –
1.0487 – – – – – P275NH
1.0488 TStE 285 TStE 285 – – – –
1.0505 StE 315 – – – – –
1.0506 WStE 315 – – – – –
1.0508 TStE 315 – – – – –
1.0562 StE 355 – – – – –
1.0565 – – – – P355NH P355NH
1.0566 TStE 355 TStE 355 – – – –
1.0571 – – – – P355QH1 –
1.1103 EStE 255 – – – – –
1.1104 EStE 285 – – – – –
1.1105 EStE 315 – – – – –
1.1106 EStE 355 – – – – –
1.4903 – – X10CrMoVNb9-1 – – –
1.4922 – – X20CrMoV11-1 – – –
1.5415 – – 16Mo3 – – 16Mo3
1.5637 – – – 12Ni14 – –
1.5662 – – – X8Ni9 – –
1.5680 – – – X12Ni5 – –
1.6217 – – – 13MnNi6-3 – –
1.7335 – – 13CrMo4-5 – – 13CrMo4-5
1.7380 – – – – – 10CrMo9-10
1.7383 – – 11CrMo9-10 – – 11CrMo9-10
1.7715 – – 14MoV6-3 – – –
1.8900 StE 380 – – – – –
1.8902 StE 420 – – – – –
1.8905 StE 460 – – – – –
1.8907 StE 500 – – – – –
1.8910 TStE 380 – – – – –
1.8911 EStE 380 – – – – –
1.8912 TStE 420 TStE 420 – – – –
1.8913 EStE 420 – – – – –
1.8915 TStE 460 TStE 460 – – – –
1.8917 TStE 500 TStE 500 – – – –
1.8918 EStE 460 – – – – –
1.8919 EStE 500 – – – – –
1.8930 WStE 380 – – – – –
1.8932 WStE 420 – – – P420NH –
1.8935 – – – – – P460NH
1.8936 – – – – P420QH –
1.8937 WStE 500 – – – – –
 AD 2000-Merkblatt
Page 4 AD 2000-Merkblatt W 13, 11.2008 edition
3.3 Testing of long products made of steels specified in 2.3
shall be according to DIN EN 10207.
3.4 Testing of the components made of materials specified
in 2.4 shall be according to DIN 17102 or DIN 17103, taking
into account the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
3.5 Testing of the components made of materials specified
in 2.5 shall be according to DIN EN 10222-1 to -4 in con-
junction with the relevant VdTÜV-Werkstoffblätter.
3.6 Testing of the components made of materials specified
in 2.6 shall be according to DIN EN 10222-1 and -2, those
of steel grades 14MoV6-3, X10CrMoVNb9-1 and
X20CrMoV11-1, taking into account VdTÜV-Werkstoff-
blätter 184, 511/3 and 110.
3.7 Testing of the components made of materials specified
in 2.7 shall be according to DIN EN 10273 and, where rele-
vant, taking into account the associated VdTÜV-Werkstoff-
blätter.
3.8 Testing of the components made of materials specified
in 2.8 shall be according to DIN EN 10222-1 and -3.
3.9 Testing of the components made of materials specified
in 2.9 shall be according to the qualification test require-
ments.
3.10 All components shall be subjected to a visual exami-
nation and a dimensional and dimensional stability check.
Components made of alloy materials shall be subjected to a
materials consistency check.
3.11 Hollow components with an inside diameter > 80 mm,
e.g. produced by flow forming or drawing to the finished di-
mensions, shall be subjected to an ultrasound test for de-
fects in the main forming direction, to be carried out
according to Table 4 of DIN EN 10228-3.
All components of unit weight in the untreated condition
> 300 kg (except for closed-die forgings) shall be subjected
to an ultrasound test according to DIN EN 10228-3 or DIN
EN 10308 for internal defects.
The ultrasonic test for internal defects shall be carried out as
a 100 % test. The following quality classes shall be applied:
s ≤ 50 mm quality class 4
s > 50 ≤ 100 mm quality class 3
s > 100 mm quality class 2
The defect size assessment shall be carried out by means
of the –6 dB decay technique, sensitivity adjustment by
means of the DGS method.
3.12 The tensile test and the impact test specimens shall be
taken in the transverse/tangential (tr/t) directions (except for
long products specified in DIN EN 10025-2, DIN EN 10207,
DIN EN 10273 and DIN 17102). In the case of diameters
< 160 mm, the specimens may be taken in the longitudinal
direction (l) also.
3.13 For components made of steels specified in 2.1 to 2.4
and 2.7 with unit weights > 1000 kg, each component shall
be individually tested.
3.14 The test pieces for making tensile and impact test
specimens shall generally be taken from a finished heat-
treated component. In the case of forgings where the dimen-
sions do not permit the required specimens to be taken, one
test piece having the reference dimensions shall be made
from the same cast, using identical processes. It shall be
subjected to the required heat treatment together with the
components of the consignment to be tested.
3.15 Repeat tests are covered by DIN EN 10021. If a test
unit consists of several components, the component for
which unsatisfactory test results have been obtained shall
be discarded and two further specimens shall be taken from
additional components and these two specimens shall meet
the requirements. In the case of large components, agree-
ment shall be reached with regard to the taking of retest
specimens.
If the cause of failure in the test is to be eliminated by appro-
priate heat treatment of the components, the rejected com-
ponents may be resubmitted for testing after this heat
treatment.
4 Marking
4.1 The components shall be marked with
– manufacturer’s mark,
– steel name or material number of the steel grade,
– cast number.
When supplied with an inspection certificate as specified in
DIN EN 10204, the components shall also be marked with
– specimen number or test batch number,
– mark of the relevant third party’s or works’ authorized
inspector,
– if appropriate, ultrasound test stamp.
4.2 In the case of steel bars with a thickness (diameter,
edge length, width across flats or width) < 25 mm, marking
of the bundle with a tie-on tag is permitted.
5 Verification of quality characteristics
5.1 Type of test certificate as specified in
DIN EN 10204
When ordering components made of materials specified
in 2.1 to 2.8, the type of test certificate according to DIN
EN 10204 shall be agreed as follows:
5.1.1 For non-critical pressure-bearing components, test
report for steel grades with nominal thicknesses < 6 mm
quality group JR as specified in DIN EN 10025-2 or DIN
EN 10250-2. For critical pressure-bearing components, an
inspection certificate 3.1 is required.
5.1.2 Inspection certificate 3.1 for the steel grades
– in 2.1 specified in DIN EN 10250-2, except for quality
group JR with nominal thicknesses < 6 mm,
– in 2.2 specified in DIN EN 10025-2, except for quality
group JR with nominal thicknesses < 6 mm,
– StE 255, WStE 255 and StE 285 specified in DIN 17102,
P285NH and P285QH as specified in DIN EN 10222-4
and P275NH specified in DIN EN 10273,
– P235GH, P245GH, P250GH, P265GH and P280GH
specified in DIN EN 10222-2 (including national annex)
and DIN EN 10273.
 AD 2000-Merkblatt
AD 2000-Merkblatt W 13, 11.2008 edition Page 5

Table 3. Design values at elevated temperatures for the steels specified in DIN EN 10250-2 and DIN EN 10222-4 and long
products specified in DIN EN 10025-2

Steel grade to Design values K at design temperature

DIN EN 10025-2, Thickness
DIN EN 10250-2, mm 100 °C 200 °C 250 °C 300 °C 350 °C 400 °C
DIN EN 10222-4 MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa MPa

≤16 187 161 143 122 – –

S235JRG2,
S235JR+N, >16 to ≤40 180 155 136 117 – –
S235J2G3, >40 to ≤100 173 149 129 112 – –
S235J2+N
>100 to ≤150 159 137 115 102 – –
≤16 220 190 180 150 – –

S275JR+N, >16 to ≤40 210 180 170 140 – –

S275J2+N >40 to ≤100 188 162 150 124 – –
>100 to ≤150 180 155 144 119 – –
≤16 254 226 206 186 – –
>16 to ≤40 249 221 202 181 – –
S355J2G3, >40 to ≤63 234 206 186 166 – –
S355J2+N,
S355K2+N >63 to ≤80 224 196 176 156 – –
>80 to ≤100 214 186 166 146 – –
>100 to ≤150 194 166 146 126 – –
P285NH/QH ≤35 1)
– 206 186 157 137 118
P355NH/QH1 ≤50 1)
– 255 235 216 196 167
P460NH/QH ≤501) – 343 314 294 265 235
1)
Thickness of the ruling section

5.1.3 Inspection certificate 3.2 for all steel grades not
mentioned in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2.
For components made of steel grades StE/WStE 315, StE
355 and P355GH/NH with thicknesses of the ruling section
≤ 50 mm, an inspection certificate 3.1 instead of 3.2 is ade-
quate, however, if the manufacturer has submitted proof of
adequate statistical safety to the third party. The third party
shall confirm to the manufacturer the transition to an inspec-
tion certificate 3.1. If use is made of this provision, the third
party confirmation letter shall be quoted in the inspection
certificate 3.1. If this does not occur in the context of contin-
uous internal inspection tests, the third party shall satisfy
himself at specific intervals (approximately 1 to 2 years) that
the requirements continue to be met.
6 Design values
6.1 For components made of materials specified in 2.1,
the room-temperature yield strength values given in DIN
EN 10250-2 apply up to 50 °C. The values in Table 3 apply
to design temperatures from 100 °C to 300 °C. The thick-
ness given there refers to the nominal wall thickness of the
pressure vessel.
6.2 For long products made of materials specified in 2.2,
the room-temperature yield strength values given in DIN
EN 10025-2 apply up to 50 °C. The values in Table 3 apply
to design temperatures from 100 °C to 300 °C. The thick-
ness given there refers to the nominal wall thickness of the
pressure vessel.

5.1.4 For components made of other materials specified in
2.9, the qualification test requirements apply.
5.2 Details in the test certificate as specified in
DIN 10204
5.2.1 For components made of materials specified in 2.1 to
2.8, the requirements of the standards referred to in these
subclauses apply. In addition, each test certificate shall in-
clude the technical delivery conditions/standard (e.g. DIN
EN 10222-2) and technical regulation (AD 2000-Merkblatt
W 13) relating to the consignment.
5.2.2 For components made of other materials specified in
2.9, the qualification test requirements apply.
6.3 For long products made of materials specified in 2.3,
the values specified in DIN EN 10207 apply.
6.4 For components made of materials specified in 2.4, the
values specified in DIN 17102 or DIN 17103 apply, taking
into consideration the requirements of the relevant VdTÜV-
Werkstoffblätter.
6.5 For components made of materials specified in 2.5, the
values specified in DIN EN 10222-4 apply, taking into con-
sideration the requirements of the relevant VdTÜV-Werk-
stoffblätter. In addition, for the P285NH steels in thicknesses
up to 35 mm and for P355NH and P460NH steels in thick-
nesses up to 50 mm, the values in Table 3 apply from
200 °C upwards.
 AD 2000-Merkblatt
Page 6 AD 2000-Merkblatt W 13, 11.2008 edition
6.6 For components made of materials specified in 2.6, the
values specified in DIN EN 10222-2 (including the national
annex) apply, taking into consideration VdTÜV-Werkstoff-
blätter 184, 511/3 and 110 for materials 14MoV6-3,
X10CrMoVNb9-1 and X20CrMoV11-1.
6.7 For components made of materials specified in 2.7, the
values specified in DIN EN 10273 apply, also taking into
consideration the requirements of the relevant VdTÜV-
Werkstoffblätter, if appropriate.
6.8 For components made of materials specified in 2.8, the
values specified in DIN EN 10222-3 apply.
6.9 For components made of other materials specified in
2.9, the values specified in the qualification test apply.
6.10 The design values given in the material specifications
or qualification tests for 20 °C apply up to 50 °C and those
values given for 100 °C apply up to 120 °C. In the other tem-
perature ranges, there shall be linear interpolation between
the given values (e.g. for 80 °C between 20 °C and 100 °C
and for 180 °C between 100 °C and 200 °C), in which case
no rounding is permitted. For individually certified materials,
the interpolation rule only applies if there is a suitably narrow
interval2) between the supporting points.
2)
Generally, this means a temperature interval of 50 K in the ele-
vated temperature proof stress range and of 10 K in the creep
rupture strength range.
AD 2000-Merkblatt

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