ARTIKEL KELUARGA BERENCANA

NAMA: IZZATUL UMMAH FHADILLA

NPM: 202141007
JURUSAN: D3 KEBIDANAN
ARTICLES KB (Family Planning)

Family planning is an effort to control the number and spacing of births.

To avoid temporary pregnancy, contraception can be used, and to avoid
permanent pregnancy, sterilization can be done.Abortion can be used to
terminate a pregnancy in the event of contraceptive failure.

Birth control methods include:

1. Oral contraceptives (birth control pills)
Birth control pills contain hormones, which can be a combination of
progestin and estrogen, or progestin alone. Birth control pills prevent pregnancy
by stopping ovulation (the release of an egg from the ovary) and by maintaining
the consistency of cervical mucus to prevent sperm from passing through.
Progestin-only pills often cause irregular bleeding. This tablet is only given
when giving estrogen may be harmful, such as in women who are breastfeeding.
Some combination pills contain low doses of estrogen and some contain
high doses. Women who take certain medications, especially epilepsy
medications, often take high doses of estrogen.
 The benefits of using birth control pills are to reduce:
 risk of some types of cancer
 The recurrence rate of cramps during menstruation
 premenstrual tension
  irregular bleeding
 anemia
 breast cyst
 ovarian cyst
 Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the womb)
 Fallopian tube infection.

Before starting birth control pills, a physical examination is done to make sure
there are no health problems that could pose a risk. If a woman or a close
relative has diabetes or heart disease, blood tests are usually done to measure
cholesterol and blood sugar levels. If cholesterol or blood sugar levels are high,
low-dose birth control pills are given. After taking the pills for 3 months, check
again for changes in blood pressure.

The following people should not use birth control pills:

- Women over 35 who smoke
- Women with active liver disease or tumors
- Women with high triglyceride levels d. Women with untreated hypertension
- Diabetic women with clogged arteries
- Women with blood clots
- A woman with a leg in a cast
- Women with heart disease

Women with breast or uterine cancer. Supervision is required if contraceptives

are used by:
- Depressed woman
- Women with frequent migraines
- Women who smoke but are under 35
- Women with hepatitis or other daily illnesses who have fully recovered.

Use of birth control pills after pregnancy There is an increased risk of blood
clots in the legs after pregnancy, and if a woman is taking birth control pills, she
can use birth control pills immediately if her last period was less than 12 weeks
after delivery. If your last period occurred within 12-28 weeks, you should wait
1 week before starting the pill, and if your last period occurred more than 28
weeks, you should wait 2 weeks before starting the pill.Women who are
breastfeeding do not usually ovulate for 10-12 weeks after giving birth.
birth control pills side effects Sort of:
A. Irregular bleeding, It usually occurs during the first few months of taking
birth control pills, and once the body has adapted to the hormones, the abnormal
bleeding usually stops.
B. Menstruation may not occur for several months after you stop taking birth
control pills, but this drug does not cause a permanent decrease in fertility.
C. Estrogen-related side effects are nausea, breast tenderness, gas, fluid
retention, increased blood pressure, and depression.
D. Side effects associated with progesterone are weight gain, acne and anxiety.
Weight gain of 1.5-2.5 kg is usually due to fluid retention and increased
appetite.
E. It is estimated that the incidence of blood clots is 3-4 times higher with the
use of high-dose contraceptives. If you suddenly have chest or leg pain.

1-2% of women taking birth control pills experience depression and difficulty
sleeping. Therefore, women who use birth control pills must routinely undergo
Pap smear examinations. On the other hand, women who use birth control pills
have a lower risk of ovarian or uterine cancer. The interaction of the birth
control pill with other drugs The birth control pill has no effect on other drugs,
but other drugs can cause a decrease in the effectiveness of the birth control pill.
Women who use birth control pills can get pregnant if they continue to take
antibiotics. Anti-seizure drugs can cause increased abnormal bleeding in women
taking birth control pills. To overcome this, women with epilepsy who take anti-
seizure pills need to be given high-dose birth control pills. Barrier
contraceptives Barrier contraceptives physically block the passage of sperm into
a woman's uterus.

The female condom is a new barrier method of contraception that is placed in

the vagina with the help of a ring. The female condom is similar to the male
condom, but is wider and has a higher failure rate. The diaphragm is a dome-
shaped plastic with a flexible belt, which is attached to the cervix and keeps
sperm from entering the uterus. The diaphragm is placed before sexual
intercourse and remains in place for at least 8 hours but not more than 24 hours.
In the rhythmic method, husband and wife do not have sexual intercourse
during a woman's fertile period. the rhythmic calendar method is the least
effective, even for women with regular menstrual cycles. For example, if a
woman's cycle in the last 12 months ranged from 26-29 days, then 26-18=8 and
29-11=18, meaning that sexual intercourse should not be carried out on the 8th
day until the 18th day after menstruation. sexual intercourse should not be
carried out starting from the first day of menstruation until the basal temperature
increases.

exual intercourse should not be at the time of the increase in the amount of
cervical mucus until 4 days afterward. no need for sewing. interactions with
other drugs are rare because the implants do not contain estrogen. The main side
effect is irregular bleeding or no menstruation at all.

Implant capsules do not dissolve in the body so after 5 years they must be
removed. one third of injectable KB users do not experience menstruation at 3
months after the first injection and another third experience irregular bleeding
and spotting for more than 11 days each month. The longer the KB injection is
used, the more women who do not experience menstruation but fewer women
who experience irregular bleeding. after 2 years of using birth control
injections, about 70% of women do not experience bleeding at all.
its effects are long lasting, so fertility may not return 1 year after injections are
stopped, but medroxyprogesterone does not cause permanent infertility.
Medroxyprogesterone does not increase the risk of various cancers, but reduces
the risk of developing uterine cancer.