pets4homes.co.uk Prof. drh. Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja, MP.

, PhD

MANAJEMEN
REPRODUKSI ANJING

FKH 514: REPRODUKSI DAN KEBIDANAN

PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN PROFESI DOKTER HEWAN
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAH HEWAN-IPB
 Experiences
Pengajar dan peneliti di Divisi Reproduksi dan
1 Kebidanan, Departemen KRP, FKH, IPB

Drh: FKH UGM

2 S-2: Sain Veteriner, FKH UGM
S-3: Yamaguchi University, Japan
3 Produksi embrio in vitro (kucing, anjing, sapi, babi,)

4 Cloning (kucing), Transfer embrio kucing

karjanwk13@gmail.com

5 Preservasi dan Kriopreservasi sperma (kucing, anjing,

babi, domba, harimau), IB pada harimau sumatera

Prof. drh. Ni Wayan Kurniani Karja, MP., PhD

Physiology and ovarian cycle
• Puberty= Age at which animal start to show cyclycity
• The average age of onset of puberty is 10-12 mo, but from 6 to 24 mo
is normal
• Small breed dogs come into heat at a younger than large/giant breeds
• But breeding is not advisable until she attains sexual maturity

Ovarian cycle:
Monoestrus---1 x estrus duringn breeding season
Range: 4-13 mo (avarage 7 mo)
ESTROUS CYCLE
PROESRTRUS (9 DAYS)
• …not sign of actual heat, show
gradually coming in heat
• Vulva swollen
• Bloody discharge and licking the
rear part
• Increase in urination----to
secrete more pheromones
• Attracted to male but does not
allow male to mate
• Show play full activity with male
• Tail tucking
• Mood changes and swings
Estrous
Estrus (9 days, ovulation day 2)
• Previously bright red, the discharge now lightens to a pinkish-tan stain
(coklat kemerahan)
• Softening of the vulva: to make the vulva soften enough for penetration
• Tail Flagging and Flirting
Now Tucking of the tail turn in flagging of tail begins to behave flirtatious
Inviting the male to mount by turning her rear toward him and holding
the tail high and out of the wat. She will fan it lightly to make sure he
catches he scent
Stand to mounted
Tail flagging or deviation to one side
Metestrus or diestrus (60 days) Anestrus (150 days)

• Gradual disappearance of vulva • 5-7 mo period of inactivity that

swelling: most of the swelling is eventually cycles back into
gone within one week’s time proestrus to begin the cycle a
• Cessation of flirting: whether new
bred or not, the bitch now lacks
the conditions to mate and is no
longer interested in flirting
MATING
• Occurs during estrus
• Length of courtship by male is variable
lick vulva
Bitch stand with tail to side-----flagging
Mounting
 Male mount without erection and penetrates ---os penis
 In Vagina, Male bulbus glandis engorges, thrusting
 Male dismounts and turns around bulbus penis remains in vagina—
the tie
 Ejaculation
 Tie last 5 min to 1 hour
Optimum mating time in bitches…..
Optimum mating time in bitches…..

1. Vaginal Cytology
1. Vaginal Cytology
 http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/clerk/Beimborn/index.php

Figure 1. Early proestrus with a mixture of nondegenerate Figure 2. Late proestrus with erythrocytes, scattered
neutrophils; parabasal, intermediate, and superficial superficial cells, and absence of neutrophils (Wright-
epithelial cells, erythrocytes, and mucus (Wright- Leishman stain).
Leishman stain).

Figure 4. Diestrus characterized by a decrease in superficial cells,

Figure 3. Estrus characterized by superficial cells that are increase in smaller intermediate cells, and presence of neutrophils.
keratinized, largely anucleate, and have angular, folded cell Cytologically, diestrus may appear similar to early proestrus
margins (Wright-Leishman stain). (Wright-Leishman stain).
2. Vaginal Endoscopy

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3. Hormonal measurements-by progesterone concentration
Breeding management
• Canine sperm survive up to 7 days (3-7)
• Canine ova (MII) survive up to 72 hrs
• Fertile time of breeding
 > 90% cornification
 4th-6th day after LH surge
 6-10 ng.ml P4
 Angulation and shrinkage of vaginal mucosa
Starting form bleeding: 11th, 13th & 15th day
 PREGNACY
• If breeding dates are used to measure
gestation: the gestation can be variable
as 57-71 days. This because estrus is 9
days and breeding can take place during
any day of estrus
• The most accurate: the day of ovulation
(gestation last 63 days from ovulation)
• If the LH peak is known, gestation can be
measured as lasting 65 days from LH
peak
• Gestation can be accurately measured
from the first day of cytology diestrus. Up
to 80% of bitches whelp 57 days from the
first day of cytology diestrus
EARLY SIGNS OF PREGNANCY
Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bitch
1. Abdominal palpation
 Optimum time---from day 26-30 fetuses are
spherical in outline
 From day 35---they become elongated----less
easy to palpate at this time
2. Identification of fetal Heart Beat
A veterinarian can listen to heat beats of
puppies by stethoscope beyond 25 days of
pregnancy
3. Relaxin Assay
The level is raised in a pregnant bitch and can
be detected by relaxin test between 21-25 days
Pregnancy Diagnosis in Bitch
4. Ultrasonography
A skilled person can diagnose pregnancy of
even 16 days accurately but most commonly
at 25-30 days
5. Radiography
Mineralization of fetal skeleton can only be
detected after 45 days of pregnancy

By counting of fetal skull---number of

puppies can be obtained
Signs of impending parturition
• Nest building
• Restlessness and seeking quite, out of sign areas
• Relaxation of pelvic and abdominal muscles is a consistent sign of
impending parturition
• Decrease in body temperature from 38 to 37 ◦C just before
parturition---will whelp within 24 hrs
• Mammary gland turgidity, milk secretion
Parturition-whelping
First stage of labor
• Averages 4 hrs but can last 6-12 hrs and in primiparous bitches it
can be last up to 24 hrs
• Bitch will be uneasy, refuse food, pant, vomiting
• Constantly stand up and lying down
• Frequently looking flank
• Cervix dilates during this stage
• Uterine contraction not detected (Mild)
Parturition-whelping
Second stage of Labor
• Visible straining of bitch in the sitting position
• Placental membrane will break and there will be fluid discharge
from vulva
• Membrane will be rupture spontaneously or through licking of dam
• Stage 2 labor should be complete within 12 to 24 hrs, with a fetus
produced every 0.5-4 hrs
• Usually interval between puppies is about 30 min
• A recent case report described the delivery of healthy puppy after a
34-hour interval between puppies and 37-hrs duration of stage
Third Stage of Labor
Passage of fetal membranes should take place in 5-15 min of each
fetus expulsion