••..•.--...

----~-

OWNER'S HANDBOOK

3UJ e 320
,

aUJBffi~23m

& Bayerische Motoren Werke AG Munich

).
Dear BMW owner,

Congratulations on taking delivery of your new BMW.

In choosing a BMW you have acquired an ultra-modern automobile of

advanced design which will not only provide you with BMW's proverbial·
'sheer driving pleasure' but also offer that perfect blend of performance,
comfort and safety that enables you to enjoy relaxed, trouble-free
journeys whatever the traffic conditions.

We recommend you to study this Owner's Handbook in detail, as this is

the only sure way to become thoroughly familiar with your new BMW
from the very start - something that is certainly in your own interest and
ours.

Wishing you many a safe, pleasant journey,

Yours very sincerely,

BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE

•
Aktie ngese Iischaft
 o IVldt<.t;I:; IJldle, cn!lSSIS numoer, keys
Before you start
•
what you need to know
The identity of your car can be established
by comparing the registration documents
with the maker's plate and chassis num-
ber.
The model reference, chassis number and
other data are entered in the documents
and should be verified with the numbers
stamped on the car's bodywork. You will
find this data is essential for all enquiries,
inspection work, claims for parts, etc. You
should therefore familiarize yourself with
their location on the car.
•
Maker's plate: in the engine compart-
ment, on the right looking forward.
Chassis number: in the engine compart-
ment, on the support plate of the right-
hand wheel arch looking forward.
With your new BMW you have received
three master keys (the small one is for
keeping in a safe place, e.g. your wallet or
purse) and a further key fitting the door
locks and the ignition/starter switch, and
also a self-adhesive label bearing the key
number, which must be quoted when a
new key has to be obtained. All the BMW
Service Stations will be glad to assist you
in procuring new keys whenever necessa-
ry.
It is advisable to deposit the small master
key in a safe place so that it can be
obtained without difficulty if the other two
are lost.
£218003

The master keys fit all locks on your BMW.
The other key fits only the two front door
•
locks and the ignition/starter switch. This
combination of keys and locks enables
you to leave the car in the hands of a
garage or repair workshop with your
luggage and valuables protected against
theft in the luggage compartment.
Toopen the doors from the outside, lift the
flap-type door handle.
•
LU\.."~, VIJ~'r1"~ Uti\,) L.IV.)tll~ uvvr.J (,JIIU fU~~(,J';I'C \..\,)II'IJOllIIIClll .::J
To lock a door from the inside, press the The black key is required to lock and
safety button down; to unlock and open unlock the luggage compartment.
from the inside, pull the handle under-
Do not forget to lock the luggage com-
neath the armrest.
partment after closing.
If the driver's door is already open, the
safety button cannot be pressed down; in
this way you cannot accidentally lock
yourself out of the car.
The passenger's door can be locked by
pressing down the safety button. The
button remains down in this case when
the door is closed .
 IU L,UnHUIS ,lIlU IrlSUuments
Controls and instruments
• Note: figure in square brackets [ ]
on which details appear
2. Left movable air outlet grill [27]
= page
1. Left side window defroster outlet [27]
3. Warning lamp for low brake fluid level and handbrake
telltale (red) [19]
4. Rear fog light telltale lamp (yellow) [15]
5. Fuel gauge with low fuel level warning lamp (yellow) [17]
6. Brake pad wear indicator lamp (red) [59]
7. Turn indicator repeater (green) [13]
8. Trip distance recorder reset knob [14]
9. Speedometer with total and trip distance recorders
10. Revolution counter with overs peed warning zone
(or clock)
11. Clock [20, 21]
12. Oil pressure warning lamp (red) [59]
13. Battery charge warning lamp (red) [59]
14. Headlight high beam telltale lamp (blue) [12]
15. Coolant thermometer [17]
16. Center air outlet grill [27]
17. Push button for hazard warning flashers [15]
1 8. Facia shelf
19. Right side window defroster outlet [27]
20. Right movable air outlet grill [27]
•
21. Control switch for electric door mirror [17J
22. Turn indicator, parking light, low-beam headlight and
headlight flasher lever [12]
23. Main light pull switch, 2-position, with rotary control
for instrument lighting intensity [12]
24. Engine compartment lid release [14]
25. Horn push [16] .
26. Push button for heated rear window [16]
27. Fog light switch, 2-position [15]
28. Clock control [20. 21]
29. Wiper and windshield washer lever [13]
30. Radio with balance control (special equipment) [22]
31. Rotary temperature control [27]
32. Center left movable air outlet grill [27]
33. Ashtray [21]
34. Cigar lighter and power socket [21]
35. 3-position rotary airflow control [27J
36. Rotary air distribution control [27]
37. Center right movable air outlet grill [27]
38. Sliding ventilation controls [27]
39. Glove box [20]
40. Left and right front loudspeakers (special equipment) [22]
•

•
 12 Controls and switches
The ignition/starter switch on the right of
•
the steering column housing is combined
with the steering lock. Insert key in the '0'
position.
Turn the key clockwise to position " ': the
steering lock will be heard to disengage,
but if necessary the steering wheel should
be turned slightly to free the lock. The
radio (optional extra) can then be opera-
ted. Turning the key further to position '2'
switches on the ignition. The red battery
charge and oil pressure telltale lamps
will come on (see 'SAFETY') and the
fuel gauge and coolant thermometer
will be operative.
The starter is operated when the key is
turned to position '3'. Release the key as
•
soon as the engine has fired. It will then
automatically return to position '2'.
To lock the steering, turn the key to the '0'
position and remove. Turn the steering
wheel until the lock engages. The ignition
key can only be removed in this position.
Head and side light switch
(two-position):
Position 1: Side lights
Position 2: Headlights
! headlights are on, they will go out and only
When the light switch is pulled out to
either of its two positions the intensity of
the instrument, ashtray and control
identification lighting can be infinitely
varied by turning the knob.
The headlights dip switch and turn indi-
cator lever on the left-hand side of the
steering column can be operated by a
finger of the left hand without letting go of
the steering wheel. When the headlight
main beams (lever moved to the front),
are on, a blue telltale lamp is illuminated
,on the instrument panel. To flash the
headlights, pull the lever towards the
steering wheel rim. If the ignition key is
turned to positions '" or '0' while the
the sidelights will remain on.
 • ,",U/IllUI~, VVII1U~/lleILl
To operate the right-hand turn indicators
move the turn indicator lever upwards; to
•
operate the left-hand turn indicators move
the lever down.
A regular ticking sound and illumination of
the green telltale lamp indicates that the
flashing turn indicators are operating cor-
rectly.
The indicators are automatically cancelled
and the lever returned to its initial position
once the vehicle has completed the turn,
but if the turn was only slight it may be
necessary to cancel the lever by hand.
If the flashing turn indicators are to be
operated for a short period only (e.g.
changing lanes, overtaking, starting) press
the turn indicator lever only slightly from
its original position in the direction desi-
•
red, without letting it engage. As soon as
you let go it will return to its original
position.
The parking lights are operated with the
turn signal lever after locking the steering.
Lever positions:
up - right, front and rear
down - left, front and rear
The wiper and washer lever on the right
has four positions:
o- wipers off
1 - intermittent wiping
2 - normal wiper speed
3 - fast wiper speed
If the wiper and screenwasher lever is
pulled up towards the steering wheel rim,
the automatic screenwasher will operate.
The electric fluid pump and the wipers are
then switched on simultaneously. When
waSner 1.:1
the main light switch is pulled out the lever
also operates the headlight cleaning sy-
stem (optional, see 'SAFETY'). When the
lever is released, a delaying mechanism
ensures that the wipers continue to oper-
ate until the glass is clean. When switched
to interval operation, the wipers operate
automatically at short intervals. In light
rain or snow etc. this has the advantage
that it is not necessary to continually
switch the wipers on and off. Use position
3 (fast) only in heavy rain or snow. The
screenwasher fluid reservoir (app. 2.5
liters [2.6 US quarts, 4,4 Imp. pints]
capacity) is in the engine compartment,
on the right-hand side at the front.
Warning: never use the automatic screen-
washer when the fluid reservoir is empty.
 14 Windshield washer, engine compartment, triP distanCe recoroer
The illustration below shows the two
•
screenwasher jets located on the engine
compartment lid. If either of the water jets
fails to strike the glass correctly (i. e. in the
middle of the wiper area), the nozzle can
easily be moved with a needle.
•
----------------------
The engine compartment lid opens for- The trip distance recorder in the speedo-
wards, and is released from inside the car meter can be reset to zero by pressing in
by pulling the lever on the left-hand side the reset knob.
panel.
Thanks to the spring-loaded mechanism
the lid is automatically moved to the front
and can then be easily opened from the
outside.
To close the engine compartment lid
move it down and press slightly to the rear
at the middle of the lid front section. The
lock will automatically engage .
 - - - - c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_ _ ----=-_
til~UU,jltllll-'allel, fldLdtU VVcHllllltllld::'llel, VVOil1l118 Ul01181t, ItOI IUy llylll, IUy "Y'll~ I:,)

In addition to the speedometer and clock The hazard warning flashers are set in The pull switch on the left of the steering

•
or the revolution counter with digital action by the push button switch on the column operates the rearfog light moun-
clock, the instru ment cluster includes the center console.They function whether or ted in the left-hand rear light cluster (see
fuel gauge, the coolant thermometer and not the ignition is swi~ched on. See 'DRI- 'SAFETY'). When this light is illuminated.
the telltale lamps for: VING HINTS, MINOR DEFECTS'. The red a yellow telltale lamp glows inside the
1 Rear fog light (yellow) switch knob flashes to show that the combined instrument.
2 Brake pad wear indicator (red) hazard warning flashers are functioning
3 Oil pressure (red) If the car is equipped with fog lights
correctly.
4 Brake fluid level (special equipment) the switch will have
and handbrake (red) When the headlight switch is pulled out two ~ositions:
5 Fuel level (yellow) the light in the switch knob will come on.
Position 1 = fog lights
6 Turn indicators (green) The warning triangle with holder (optio- Position 2 = fog lights and rear fog light
7 Battery charge (red) nal) is coveniently located in the luggage
8 Headlight main beam (blue) If the optional fog lights are fitted to your
compartment.
car,'there is a second rear fog light in the
and also a spare panel for trailer turn right-hand rear light cluster.
indicator telltale or some other function.

1 2 3

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 Ib Heatea rear WlnaOW, norns, ooor flllrror

For the heated rear window (14 ele- The electric twin-tone horns are sounded The electric outside mirror on the door

•
ments), operate the push button on the by means of horn pushes let into the can be moved in the horizontal and verti-
left lower instrument panel. See 'SAFE- steering wheel spokes. cal planes by means of the switch on the
TY'. The green telltale lamp in the switch inside door panel. to suit the driving
comes on when the heated rear window is position. See 'SAFETY'.
in operation.
Switch pushed forwards
- mirror tilts inwards
Switch pushed back
- mirror tilts outwards
'Switch pressed up
- mirror tilts upwards
Switch pressed down
- mirror tilts downwards
The same switch is used to operate the
door mirror on the passenger's side (op-
tional extra), after resetting the left/right
changeover switch.

•

When the ignition is switched on, the fuel
gauge in the combined instrument indica-
••
tes the level of fuel in the tank. If the
needle enters the red warning zone, and
the yellow 'Fuel' telltale lamp lights up,
you should add fuel immediately, although
enough for about 50 km (30 miles) still
remains in the tank, depending on the way
the vehicle is driven.
As soon as the telltale lamp begins to burn
continuously, add fuel at once.
The lockable fuel filter cap is behind a flap
on the right rear side panel of the body.
•
r-uel gauge, ruel liller, coolant thermometer, rear lights, rear fog light 17
The coolant thermometer has two colo- The arrangement of the rear light cluster
red ZOnes: is as follows:
Blue: engine cold. Keep engine and road 1 Turn indicator (yellow)
speeds moderate. 2 Rear fog light (red)
Red: engine hot. Switch off immediately 3 Rear light and reflector (red)
and allow to cool until the needle is 4 Stop light (red)
between the two colored zones. Do not 5 Reversing light (white)
open the radiator filler beforehand (risk of BMW 320, 323i
scalding!). The cause of overheating When the luggage compartment is open-
should be traced and rectified. See 'MI- ed, the luggage compartment light will
NOR DEFECTS'. come on.
The normal operating temperature is be-
tween the two colored zones. If the needle
approaches the red warning zone for short
periods in hot weather or when operating
at full load, this need cause no alarm .
 18 Front seats, seat belts, headrests
To adjust the front seats backwards or
•
forwards, pull up the lever on the outside
edge of the seat base and move the seat
to the desired position. Then release the
lever and ensure that the seat has locked
in position.
See 'SAFETY'.
•
The front seat backs can be adjusted to
any angle by pulling up the lever on the
outside seat pivot. If the front seats are
pushed fully forwards and the headrests
pu lied out, the seat backs can be fu lIy
reclined.
Theseat backs also have a locking mecha-
nism to prevent accidental tipping for-
ward. To release, pull up the knob on the
outer edge of the seat back (on the inside
of the passenger's front seat as well).
Your BMW is equipped as standard with
automatic retracting three-point seat
belts for the front and outer rear seats, as
well as a static lap belt for the center rear
seat,
Details of how to use the seat belts, the
BMW child's seat belt and the BMW
child's seat are given under the heading
'SAFETY'.
The height of the front headrests can be
varied after pressing in the release button,
See'SAFETY'.
The height and angle of the rear head-
rests (optional) can also be adjusted.
 , 'U> 'U"'" U",c,
The hand brake operates on the rear
wheels. Pull the lever up to halt or secure
•
the vehicle. To release the handbrake pull
the lever up slightly, press in the knob on
the end of the lever and move downwards.
When the handbrake is applied, a red
'Brake' telltale is illuminated in the com-
bined instrument. This is also a means of
checking the functioning of the telltale at
any time.
If the brake telltale lamp comes on during
a journey, see instructions under the
'SAFETY' heading.
A useful hint to apply the handbrake
without undue noise, press in the knob
while pulling up the lever.
The gearbox gate pattern (A) shows the
position of the gear shift lever for each
gear (for automatic transmission selector
•
~Cdl :>, "' I ~d " ' jJd l[tOrn, UcCKUp \ reversing} IIgntS,
lever positions see page 30). All forward
gears are provided with synchromesh.
A 5-speed 'economy' gearbox with over-
drive top (gate pattern B) is an optional
extra.
A 5-speed sports gearbox (gate pattern C)
is an optional extra for BMW 320, 323 i,
(in preparation for BMW 318 i).
Note: The gear lever's idle position is in
the 2nd/3rd plane (sports gearbox) or
3rd/4th plane (economy gearbox). When
these gears are engaged the gear lever
automatically springs back to the idle
position and should not be moved across
the gate.
To engage reverse gear (only when the
vehicle is at a standstill), press the gear
lever to the left until a slight resistance is
overcome.
exterior and Interior mirrors, sun visors 19
Before engaging reverse from another
gear, it is best to wait for at least 3
seconds in neutral with the clutch pedal
depressed before moving the gear lever
further.
Both reversing lights are illuminated
when the ignition is switched on and
reverse gear engaged.
Do not forget to adjust the exterior and
interior rear view mirrors to suit your
normal driving position. See 'SAFETY'.
The interior mirror has a dipped antiglare
position operated by pushing back the
small lever at the base of the mirror frame.
Both sun visors can be pivoted to one side
to' cover the side window if the sun is
shining from that direction. See 'SAFETY'.
 .20 Interior light, glove box, rechargeable hand lamp, clock

The glove box is opened downwards by BMW 316, 318

The switch on the interior light has three

•
positions:
Position 1: light operates only when a
door is opened (switches on
door pillars)
Position 2: permanently off
Position 3: permanently on.
pulling the handle in the recess. To shut, The hands of the electronic quartz clock
can be adjusted after pressing in the
move lid up, A lockable glove box is an
optional extra. knurled knob.
When the lid is lowered the glove box is
automatically illuminated and the rechar-
geable hand lamp (optional extra) is
accessible. This lamp has a built-in excess
charging cutout and thus can remain
plugged in ready for immediate use at all
times.
There is additional storage space in the
inside front door trims.

•

BMW 320, 323i (BMW 316, 318 with
optional revolution counter)
• The digital quartz clock can be reset by
inserting a pin or thin, stiff wire into the
adjusting holes and pressing in:
h - hours
min - minutes
If the clock shows the wrong time, the
power supply must have been cut off, for
example after a battery change, and the
clock must be reset. When the ignition is
switched off, press the 'Tl ME' key to light
up the clock.
•
Clock, cigar li9htJ. power socket, ashtray 21
To use the cigar lighter, push in the knob. To empty th ashtray on the instrument
When the element has heated up the knob panel: pull ut as far as the stop, press
will spnng back to its original position and down the retfining spring and remove the
can then be pulled out. ashtray from its holder.
The cigar lighter socket can also be used To empty th rear seat ashtrays, swing
to plug in an inspection lamp, electric open, press irmly down and remove.
razor or similar appliance provided that
the rating does not exceed 12 Volts, 200
W. Make sure that the socket is not
damaged by attempting to insert unsuit-
able plugs.
 22 Car radio
BMW Bavaria car radios are built to the
•
latest standards of radio engineering.
With two front loudspeakers for mono
reception, or two additional rear loudspea-
kers on stereo receivers, the correct BMW
antenna and the specially designed inter-
ference suppression kit for your BMW,
you can be sure that your BMW Bavaria
car radio will provide the best possible
reception and brilliant sound quality.
If you specified a factory-fitted radio
option, you will receive a Service Pass
with the car's documents; this contains
full details of how to operate your car
radio.
To ensure that your listening pleasure is
unaffected by local reception problems,
please study the following general re-
•
marks on broadcasting techniques and Climatic effects: fog, rain or snow can
the possible disturbances caused by natu- interfere with good radio reception.
ral geographical features, man-made
Strong sunlight: although very weak, the
structures etc.
emissions from the sun's surface do inter-
The strength of the signal received by your fere with long, short and medium wave
car radio antenna, and thus the quality of reception. These wavebands can be best
the sound emerging from the loudspea- heard after dark, when the ionosphere
kers depend on the position of the receiver reflects more of the transmitted signal
and the height and direction of the anten- back to earth.
na. These factors are relatively easy to Fluttering noise is caused by signal fade,
take into account on a domestic radio when the line-of-sight link between trans-
receiver, but for a mobile radio set such as mitter and receiver is blocked by large
that in a car certain concessions have to buildings or geographical features. A simi-
be made. The position of the receiver is lar effect is sometimes heard when driving
constantly changing and it is impossible to
along a tree-lined road.
keep the antenna aligned with the direc-
tion of signal transmission. Other distur-
bance factors are high-tension overhead
wires, poor or missing interference sup-
pression on other vehicles. buildings or
natural obstacles. Even if your car radio is
perfectly tuned and your car equipped
with proper interference suppression, the-
se unavoidable noises or a deterioration in
sound quality are often quite severe.
Apart from regular antenna care, see
'CARE AND MAINTENANCE', the anten-
na should be pulled out to its full length to
obtain the best possible reception at all
times. The lower part of the telescope
should always be fully extended for radio
reception .

Continuous high level of background
noise: this normally Indicates that the
•
edge of the transmitter's zone has been
reached, or the car has been driven into a
'shadow' where no direct signals are
received. The only remedy is to retune to
a more powerful transmitter.
·8Okrn
i r
•
Hissing, sizzling and splashing noise:
disturbance in this category occurs when
reflected signals are picked up by the car
radio a fraction of a second after the main
signal, for instance from large buildings
nearby. The sound level also fluctuates
repeatedly.
Car radio 23
Severe fade: this is a phenomenon more
often encountered on medium wave
(AM), and accompanied by distortion. It is
caused by the superimposing of ground
waves and airborne signals at the recep-
tion point.
, 24 Car radio
The hints below are intended to help you
select the most suitable waveband for in-
car listening.
The ultra-high frequency (FM) transmis-
sion system offers far better sound quality
than the other wavebands. However, re-
ception is limited to only a few stations at
a time, since the radio waves are emitted
in a straight line from the transmitter
tower and thus cover an area not more
than about 80 km (50 miles) in radius. As
the distance from the transmitter to the
receiver increases, background noise be-
comes more of a problem, and finally the
station can no longer be heard or is
displaced by a more powerful one which
the car is approaching. These too are
natural factors which can only be avoided
by retuning to a stronger signal.
•
Stereo radio, if transmitted in your area,
can only be received on VHF (FM) As you
move away from the transmitter, interfe-
rence becomes noticeable more rapidly
than on mono transmissions. In this case,
switch to mono reception or tune to
another station giving reliable stereo re-
ception.
On stereo receivers you can turn thefront-
rear balance control to vary the relative
volumes of the front and rear loudspea-
kers.
On BMW Bavaria VF car radios a telltale
lamp identifies stations which transmit
traffic reports (German system) but only
with VH F (FM) selected (even if a cassette
is being played at the time).
The telltale lamp goes out when you leave
the area covered by the traffic report
station you have selected. After a few
seconds a repeated warning signal is
heard to remind you to tune to another
station with traffic report service.
If you cannot receive a traffic report
station on 'VF', you must be out of range
of the nearest such transmitter. You
should then switch off the 'VF' range so
that you can receive other FM stations or
use the other wavebands.
II you wish to receive stations with a
traffic report service only, select 'VF'. This
will mute all other FM-stations.
In the 'VF' position you can mute the radio
program (without switching off!) and still
receive all the traffic reports identified by
your radio set.
On cassette player radios, the traffic re-
ports are faded up automatically over the
music on the cassette if you have pre-
viously tuned the radio to a suitable
station .

The medium (MW), long (LW) and short
(KW) wavebands provide a larger or, in
•
some cases, exceptionally wide reception
range, since the signals are not only
dispersed as ground waves, which cling
to the curvature of the earth, but also as
space waves, which are reflecte.d off a
layer in the ionosphere and bounce back
to earth.
There ire physical reasons why the quali-
ty of medium-wave (AM) reception is not
as good as on FM. However, long-distan-
ce reception is good, particu larly at night,
so that a large number of stations can be
received, though the station density is
such that mutual interference often oc-
curs.
•
On the long waveband (AMI, transmit-
ters still further away than on the medium
wave can be picked up. However, the total
. number of stations you are likely to
receive is not so great, since not many
broadcasting companies operate power-
ful long-wave transmitters.
Short wave (AM) offers the longest theo-
retical reception distance, but here too the
individual transmitters' power outputs are
limited. The maximum station density and
- subject to basic physical limitations - the
best sound quality is obtained in the 49-
meter band.
Car radio Lb
For cassette operation we recommend
8M cassettes of Type C 60 (2 x 30
minutes playing time), or Type C 90 (2 x
45 minutes).. The special mechanism
(8M) of these cassettes makes them
suitable for the jolts and vibration of in-car
operation.
To prevent the tapes becoming slack or
twisted, each cassette should be kept in
its box or a holder with the correct reel
locks when not in use. Your BMW dealer
will shortly be able to supply a special
storage rack for a number of cassettes.
At extreme outside temperatures (below
-10° C [+ 14° F] or above +40° [+ 104° F],
cassettes should not be left in the car, or
they may become distorted and fail to
operate correctly.
Regular playback head cleaning - see
'CARE AND MAINTENANCE' .
 ...... rIU'"'::j IVUI VI/lUi Vt::lll
The steel-panel sliding roof with ele-
vating rear position available as an option
on your BMW can either be slid back
normally or raised at the back to provide
more intensive interior ventilation.
•
~U':::'IlIUII
To open: Unfold the crank handle. Turn
anticlockwise until panel slides back to
the desired position, It is positively located
in any setting.
To close: Turn the crank clockwise to
move the sliding panel forwards. It is fully
closed when definite resistance to further
movement of the hand crank is felt.
To raise at the rear: With the sliding roof
closed, unfold the crank handle and turn
clockwise, The roof panel can also be
raised to any intermediate setting.
To lower: Turn the crank handle anti-
clockwise to lower the rear of the roof
panel. It is fully closed when definite
resistance to further movement of the
hand crank is felt.
Note: After each movement, the crank
handle should be folded back into its
recess .

The heating and ventilation system pro-
vides an exceptional heat output, accurate
•
temperature control, and an entirely sepa-
rate fresh air supply for ventilation in hot
weather.
The layout of the controls is as follows:
1 Guide to control settings for maxi-
mum window defrosting
2 Fresh air supply slide
3 Rotary temperature control
4 Rotary air flow control
5 Rotary air distribution control
•
Fresh air supply lever (2)
As this slide is moved upwards, it permits
an increasing volume of cool air to enter
the car's interior. The air enters through
the horizontally and vertically movable
side and center grills as well as through a
fixed center grill.
These outlets can be closed by turning the
side knurled discs downwards.
The left and center pictures below show
the side outlets for controlled-temperatu-
re air (black arrows) and fresh ai- (white
arrows).
Heater and ventilation 27
Simultaneous warm air supply to the
footwells is possible, depending on the
settings of the distribution (5) and tempe-
ratu re control (3) knobs. This enables
stratified airflow through the car's interior
to be achieved and ensures pleasant
driving conditions free from the risk of
fatigue.
Rotary temperature control (3)
To heat the air coming from the defroster
vents and the footwell outlets, move the
slide first to the red spot (warm), then to
the desired temperature. The preselected
temperature will be reached shortly after-
wards.
 Lli Heater and ventilation
Rotary airflow control (4)
•
This switch is used for adjusting the
amount of air flowing into the passenger
compartment. To increase air volume,
turn the knob clockwise.
You are recommended to run the blower
whenever heating or fresh air is requi-
red, particularly at slow or frequently
varying speeds.
Do not use blower speed III with the
sliding temperature selector at 'WARM'
until the engine has reached its normal
operating temperature.
Rotary air distribution control (5)
By moving this control, the airflow can be
distributed to the desired outlets.
Set to white spot: the airflow is shut
•
off aItogethe r. As the knob is tu rned To obtain maximum defrosting of the
clockwise. the footwell outlets are opened windscreen and side windows, set the
(downward arrow). Turning the knob fur- controls as follows:
ther opens the footwell and defroster
Temperature control - red spot
outlets (downward and upward arrows).
Blower switch - 3
For defrosting, or if the windows are
Air distribution - upward arrow
misted up or iced over, it is advisable to
turn further to open the defrosting outlets Air extraction:
(upward arrow), so that the full airflow is Stale air is extracted from the passenger
directed to the windows. {;ompartment through slots below the
rear window, leading to openings in the
Flow of controlled-temperature air into
rear roof pillars.
car:
As a means of providing additional venti-
a) To footwells via openings at side of
lation or stale air extraction, the front-
heater.
hinged rear side windows (optional extra)
b) For defrosting via two defroster nozz- can be opened.
les. one center nozzle and two nozzles !
for the side windows.
;. Controlled-temperature air
& Fresh air
e 21 80 48.1 E217548
 With the aid of the optional air conditio-
ning in your BMW 318 i, 320 or 323 i, the
•
air in the interior of the car can be cooled
to a pleasant temperature,
It is integrated into the standard fresh-air
ventilation system with air distribution
through the movable side and center
fresh-air grills and also through the fixed
center grill. The controls are the same as
those used for the heating,
The rotary temperature control (6) is used
to switch the air conditioning on and off
and to select the desired degree of cool-
ing, The rotary airflow control (4) has
slightly modified functions compared With
the standard heating and ventilation sys-
tem,
•
Rotary temperature control (6) Important notes:
Continuously variable preselection of the
1, The air conditioning operates only
degree of cooling,
when the engine is running.
'MIN' position
2. The air conditioning system should
The air conditioning and blower are swit-
be run briefly at least once a month
ched off,
(remember to dothis in cold weather
Turning the control slightly clockwise
too) or else the compressor shaft seal
switches on the air conditioning and starts
may dry out and permit refrigerant to
the blower.
.escape,
Only slight cooling of air entering the car's
3. If any fault develops in the air con-
interior,
ditioning system - for instance failu-
Further turning in a clockwise direction re to deliver cold air when switched
gradually increases the rate of cooling, on - the system must be switched off
at once and a BMW air conditioning
'MAX' position
service agent consulted.
Full cooling of incoming air,
The addresses of BMW service stations
Rotary airflow control (4) equipped to work on the air conditioning
Air conditioning switched off: same func-
system system are given on the bac~
tion as the heating, 'pages of your 'BMW SERVICE - EUROPE
Air conditioning switched on booklet.
o- Blower speed 1
1 - Blower speed 2
2 - Blower speed 3
3 - Blower speed 4
In order to permit unrestricted cooling of
the air entering the interior of the car, it is
best to set the rotary temperature control
(3) to the blue spot (cold). If the weather
is hot, the air distribution and fresh air
supply controls should also be closed,
7 = cigar lighter, only on cars with optional
air conditioning,
The moisture condensate from the evapo-
rator is discharged under the car and,
depending on the air humidity, can be as
much as 2 liters (21 US quarts, 3.5 Imp.
pints)/h,

ZF 3HP-22 automatic transmission-
The driver can select the following speed
•
ranges to suit road or traffic conditions:
P-R-N-D-2-1
p", Park
Select only when the car is standing still
The transmission and road wheels are
locked in this position as an additional
precaution against running away. Press the
release catch under the selector lever
handle before engaging this position. The
engine can still be started.
Then press the catch again and select the
desired gear.
•
R - Reverse
Select only with the car at a standstill
and idle speed, first pressing in the
release catch under the lever handle.
Wait until you feel the transmission
engage, then accelerate. Note that if
Reverse is selected while the car is
moving forwards, the rear wheels will
lock and an accident could be caused.
N", Neutral
There is no connection between the engi-
ne and the transmission. The engine can
be started. Select this position during
• desirable to keep the car in 1st gear, for
prolonged halts (for instance in traffic
jams), so as not to overheat the engine
and the transmission.
D '" Drive (automatic gear selection)
This position should be used for all normal
driving. The car starts in 1st gear and
shifts up automatically into 2nd and then
into 3rd. The shift points are designed to
ensure maximum economy.
2", Hill climbing and engine braking
This position will suit the driver better on
mountain roads or very long and steep
hills (either ascending or descending).
Better use is made of available engine
performance and the engine's braking
effect is enhanced.
Position 2 tan be selected at any speed
after pressing the catch. It is advisable to
leave the selector lever in .D, 2 or 1 while
you are waiting at traffic lights.
. j
If it is selected at a high road speed, the
downward shift takes place only at ap-
prox. 100 km/h (62 mile/h) on the BMW
316 A. 318 i A and BMW 320 A. and 120
km/h (75 mile/h) on the BMW 323 i A.
Once in the '2' position, the engine will no
longer shift up to 3rd gear even if the
engine speed rises excessively, so that the
driver must remember to do so.
1 '" Steep hill climbing and engine
braking
This selector position is provided for the
rare situations in which the driver feels it
instance on very steep uphill or downhill
slopes.
Once again, the '1' position can be selec-
ted at any road speed after pressing the
catch. The transmission will initially shift
down to 2nd at approx. 100 km/h (62
mile/h) on the BMW 316 A. 318 i A and
BMW 320 A, and 120 km/h (75 mile/h)
on the BMW 323 i A. 1st gear will be
engaged at approx. 60 km/h (37 mile/h)
on the BMW 31 6 A. 318 i A and the
BMW 320 A. and at 70 km/h (43 mile/h)
on the BMW 323 i A.
Th€ driver should remember that with the
lever in the '1' position the transmission
will no longer shift up to 2nd or 3rd even
if engine speed should rise excessively.
Warning: after selecting a transmission
speed range, wait for it to engage (slight
jerk) before accelerating.
 Automatic transmiSSion 31

'Kick-down'

•
After reaching the normal full-throttle
position, the accelerator pedal on automa-
tic transmission cars can be depressed
further after overcoming considerable re-
sistance.
In special circumstances, for instance
when overtaking, this will enable maxi-
mum acceleration to be obtained imme-
diately by selection to the next lower gear.
After the kick-down has operated, the
next upward shift will occur only when the
throttle is eased back or, if full throttle is
maintained, at a much higher engine
speed than usual.
When the outside temperature is under
-15° C (+5° F), we recom mend retaining
positi061 after a cold start, e.g. at -25° C
(-13° F) for a distance of up to 3 km (2
miles).
For towing away, tow-starting and star-
ting with leads from another vehicle's
battery, see 'MINOR DEFECTS' .

•
 "L ::>ldlll/lY 1I1tJ engine
Starting off
•
Before you operate the starter, always
make sure that the gear shift lever is in
Neutral.
On cars fitted with automatic transmis-
sion the engine can only be started when
the selector lever is in the 'P' or 'N'
position.
BMW 316, 320
Your BMW is equipped with an automatic
choke carburetor with heat-sensitive by-
pass starting system. Please note the
following operating instructions:
If the engine is cold, the accelerator pedal
should be depressed fully once or twice
before starting; if the engine is at normal
operating temperature, hold the accele-
rator pedal halfway down. If the engine is
hot, depress the accelerator fully.
•
To start the engine, turn the ignition key
clockwise to position 3 until the engine
fires. Do not allow the engine to turn over
without firing for longer than about 20
seconds. When the ignition key is released
it will spring back automatically to posi-
tion 2. When the engine starts, its speed
will rise to a relatively high figure while
warming up.
To make starting easier, particularly in
freezing conditions, switch off all current-
consuming items and press down the
clutch pedal (manual gearbox cars).
The automatic choke mechanism will
automatically reduce the engine speed to
a normal idle speed when the coolant
thermometer needle has reached a point
between the 2 colored zones.
Ifthe starter has to be operated, a second
time, the ignition key must first be retur-
ned past position 2 to position 1. This
deliberate delay is included to prevent as
far as possibble re-engagement of the
starter pinion while the engine is still
turning. Try to prevent damage to the
flywheel ring or starter pinion teeth by
waiting until the engine has ceased to
rotate before operating the starter.
If the engine will not start or fires only
intermittently after several attempts, try
again with the accelerator fully depres-
sed. This will force open the choke butter-
fly and the mixture will be weakened
considerably. Never depress the accelera-
tor repeatedly or suddenly, as this will only
inject still more fuel into the intake mani- 1
fold.
In very severe frost, protect the battery by
II
limiting the first starting attempt to about J
I
20 seconds. Before trying a second time, j
wait about 20 to 30 seconds to permit the I
battery to recover. The second attempt I
should not be much longer than the first.
BMW 318 i, 323 i
j
The fuel injection engine of this BMW
model is equipped with an automatic
starting and warming-up device.
, Starting
When starting, a magnetic valve control-
led by the ignition current is opened so
that fuel is injectedinto the inlet manifold
for a certain period depending on the
temperature of the coolant. The fuel/air
mixture is enriched further while the
engine is warming up by means of an
electrical and coolant heated bimetallic
spring.
When starting. do not depress the acce-
lerator pedal at all. It is possible to start
driving immediately after the engine has
fired, running at a medium engine speed
only.
After the engine has started, the telltale
lamps for battery charge and oil pres-
sure and the brake pad wear indicator
should go out.
 ~ti:lrtlng i:lno stopping me car ,j,j

Starting off with automatic transmis-

sion: With the engine idling, position 0,

•
2, , or R can be selected from positions P
or N with the car's brakes still applied.
Wait for the slight jerk which indicates
that the gear has been selected and the
drive taken up before pressing down the
accelerator.
Stopping the car with automatic trans-
mission: At engine idle speed with a gear
still engaged. the car will tend to creep
forward slowly on a level surface. To
prevent this. keep brake pedal lightly
applied.
To stop the engine, turn the ignition key
back to " '.

•
 ,)'+ hU/lrlIJlg-ln rUles
Running-in - but how?
•
The engine of your BMW has not been
artificially governed in any way. Since full
power output is always available, it is up
to you to observe the following running-in
rules, and thus achieve maximum opera-
ting life, economy and reliability.
During the first 2000 km (1200 miles)
drive at changing engine and road speeds,
however, not faster than two thirds of the
top speed admissible in each gear. At any
rate avoid full throttle or use of kick-down
setting of the accelerator.
Driving at very low engine speeds in a high
gear is at least as harmful as exceeding
the permissible engine speeds. When
accelerating or on uphill gradients try to
keep engine speed above 1500/min. and
•
change down in good time. particularly on
uphill gradients.
The green econometer zone on the rev
counter shows you when the engine is
operating in its most fuel efficient speed
range. See 'DRIVING HINTS'.
The cut-out range of the speed limiting
rotor arm starts at the narrow red warning
zone and must not be reached even on
long downhill stretches or in the lower
gears.
Engine speeds in the wide red warning
zone are detrimental to the service life of
the power unit and should be avoided at
all costs.
Remember that the running-in rules apply
to other mechanical assemblies such as
the gearbox or rear axle, and not just to the
engine.
Should any such assembly be replaced at
a later stage in the car's life, the running-
in procedure must be repeated.
Running-in the brakes:
In order to permit new brake pads and
linings to bed down and achieve uniform,
optimum friction values. avoid all repea-
ted heavy brake applications until app.
500 km (300 miles) have been covered,
especially from high speeds, and severe
loads on the brakes, as when descending
mountain passes. Do not subject the
brakes to any form of prolonged testing
during the running-in period.
Brake pads, linings, discs and drums must
cover this initial distance under the opera-
ting conditions described before they are
fully run in and then capable of achieving
a favorable wear and contact pattern.
BMW 323 i
Since the handbrake uses an entirely
separate system of drums at the rear
wheels, it must also be run in.
It is good practice - assuming that favora-
ble road, weather and traffic conditions
can be found - to apply the handbrake
lightly at app. 40 km/h (25 mile/h) until
some resistance is felt.
Then pull the lever up to the next notch
and drive on for app. 400 m (400 ydsl.
Release the handbrake fully. This proce-
'dure will help to achieve full handbrake
operating efficiency.
I Your BMW Service Station will run in the
handbrake during the pre-delivery inspec-
tion or a safety test, but you can repeat the
process (exercising the necessary care) at
approx. 3-monthly intervals or whenever
the handbrake appears to be losing effi-
ciency.
Running-in procedure for tires:
The production methods used in the tire
industry result in brand-new tires having
less than their designed adhesion at the
road surface. Until full grip is available, and
as a means of obtaining a good wear
pattern, you are recommended to drive
with restraint for the first 300 km (app.
200 miles).
 Kunmng-m brakes and tires, fuel 35

During the running-in period, a degree of

stiffness may be noticed at the gear shift,

•
in the steering and other controls and
mechanical assemblies. This will disap-
pear after a short period of use and should
be regarded as part of the normal running-
in process.
After 2000 km (1200 miles) have been
covered, you can gradually increase
speeds - assuming that road and traffic
conditions allow - to the full continuous
and maximum speeds permitted when
the car has been completely run in.
For proper engine operation the following
grade of fuel as available from reputable
com mercial sources should be used with-
out any upper cylinder or other additives:
Super (premium) petrol (gasoline). to
DIN 51600, minimum octane number
98 (Research Method) or 88 (Motor
Method).
In certain foreign countries care must be
taken to ensure that only fuel of the
necessary minimum quality is purchased .

•
 ,
~
i
,Ie

t
OJ

j
1
~:t

I
 ~safety features, automatic seat belts

/
Think of yourself - and othersl Warning: do not adjust the seat when General remarks on seat belts

•
the car is moving. This may cause an Use the seat belts at all times, particularly
accident. in town traffic. Only then can you obtain
full benefit from the safety measures in
For your personal safety and that of the Headrests can only offer proper protec-
your BMW.
other occupants of the car, please note tion if positioned behind the head, not
the following precautions: behind the neck. The design of the belts makes them easy
to put on and wear.
Before starting a journey, all windows Having obtained the correct driving posi-
and outside mirrors should be clean so tion, adjust the inside and door mirrors The guides for the front seat belts are
that visibility in all directions is accordingly. attached to the upper anchorage points on
unimpaired. Make sure too that headlight the 'B' pillar at the factory. A BMW
The sun visors can be swung down to
and other lenses are clean, so that you service station can move the belt guide
protect the driver or front passenger from
can see and be seen. down to the lower anchorage point - 50
glare in bright sunlight.
, mm (2 in) lower - to suit smaller drivers.
Adjust the driver's seat and if necessary
its height and inclination, so that you can
reach all the pedals without stretching (
your legs too much. Adjust the seat back
angle, and the steering column if need be,
so that you can grip the upper rim of the
steering wheel with the arms outstret-
ched but without having to lean forwards.
In this position you should be able to hold
the two sides of the steering wheel with
the arms slightly bent.
Back muscles and discs obtain most relief
when you move right back with the seat.in
this position, and relax. This guarantees
effortless driving and easy reach of the
controls.
On long journeys, when not all the controls
need continual operation, the seat back
angle can be slightly increased, thereby
further reducing the strain on the body
muscles. Ideally, the driver's head should
be on a line forming an extension to his

•
spinal column .

Place the straps free of twist across the
pelvis (not across the stomach) and over
•
shoulder and chest. Make sure that the
tongue clicks in lock.
To release the belts, press the red button
in the lock and guide the buckle back
towards the door so that the retractor can
roll the belt up. To be effective, the belt
must fit tightly on the body. It should just
be possible to insert the flat hand between
belt and body. While on the move the lap
strap should be tightened quite often by
pulling the shoulder strap, to take up any
slack due to clothing or changes in seating
position.
•
AUlUIllClllL :::,t::C1l UCrl:>, UIVIVV
When tightening the front seat belts, be
sure that the swivel fitting for rear seat
access does not interfere with the run of
the lap belt.
Operation of the automatic belts is
checked by the BMW service agent during
inspections as follows:
1. By pulling belt rapidly out with the car
standing still.
2. By applying the brakes with the upper
part of body pressing against the belt.
In both cases the retractor must lock.
LIIIIU 1t':::.lIdlill ~Y~lt:::lll ..i~
Have the locks, retractors, fittings and
straps checked for damage and operation
by your BMW Service station from time to
time.
Do not tamper with any restraint system
- for your safety and that of your passen-
gers.
Only secure one person (over 6 years)
with each belt. Do not allow the belt strap
to rub against sharp edges, or the protecti-
ve effect of the belt may be lost.
If the belts, the BMW Junior child's
restraint system or the child's seat are
stressed in an accident they must, for
safety reasons, be replaced.
Gcre of the belts is described in the
section on 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE'.
BMW child's restraint system
'Children should always be carried on
the rear seat. This may be a legal
r~quirement.
Standing up between the two front back-
rests is particularly da'ngerous. For child's
safety, have one of the BMW restraint
systems installed. In the development of
these systems we have paid close atten-
tion to comfort so that after a short time
the child will be willing to follow your
example and use a belt.
 40 BMW childs belt, BMW child's seat
.' Detailed fitting instructions are included
•
with each BMW restraint system and the
anchor points are provided on the vehicle
(bolt attachment points or holes in the
floor pan and rear window shelf).
Your BMW service station will also install
these items for you if you wish. To provide
adequate room for forward movement
should the special stitching yield in an
accident, the seat in front of the child
should be pushed forward at least to a
central position.
BMW 'Junior' child's restraint system
The BMW child's belt is designed for
children weighing from 15 kg (33 Ibs)
[about4 years] to 36 kg (80 Ibs) [about 12
years].
•
The seat shell can be used up to the age BMW child's seat
of about 8 years. It gives not only opti-
The BMW child's seat is designed for
mum seating comfort and lets the child
children from sitting age to a weight of 18
see what is going on around it, but also
kg (40 Ib) [about 5 years).
improves the lap belt run as recommen-
ded by medical experts. To install seat, hook the side straps of the
eyes on the seat and the upper hooks to
To install the seat shell, open the side
the end fitting on the parcel shelf, The free
locks, insert the shell, pass the lock ton-
ends should be tightened so that the seat
gues through the slots in the shell and
is fixed firmly in position.
engage in the lock. If necessary, tighten
the lower part by pulling the free belt ends
so that the seat is fixed firmly in position
To put child in seat, open center lock,
place child on seat and pass shoulder
straps over shoulders free of twist. Then
close the lap belt and remove slack by,
pulling the loop on the upper fitting so that
the belt joint is about 10 cm (4 in) behind
the child's neck. To lengthen the belt,
swing the adjuster through 90 0 and pull
the shoulder straps out sym metrically.

When the child uses the seat for the first
.'
time, the length of the belts must be
adjusted. First adjust the lap part by sliding
the straps through the adjuster and then
tightening across the pelvis (not the sto-
mach).Fit shoulder part like braces and
tighten in the same way. It must be just
possible to insert the hand flat between
the child's body and the belt.
The seat can be moved to the sleeping
position by slightly slackening the side
straps, pulling out the lockmg pm and
swinging down the large handle.
After releasing the hooks by pressing the
spring with the thumb, the seat can be
taken out of the car and stowed in the
luggage compartment. The mounting
strap remains in position in the car.
One further important point: although
BMW restraint systems are very comfor-
table to use, you should give the children
and yourself a break after driving for not
more than 2 hours Before leaving the car
in bright sunshine, cover up all parts of the
belt or seat which contact the child, using
a blanket or something similar, to prevent
them from getting too hot.
•
UI\l'\l1i
Treatment of child after an accident:
If the child is unconscious after an acci-
dent, or complains of a headache or neck
pains, it must be lifted carefully out of the
car, supporting the head all the time. Lay
the child down gently on a suitable under-
lay and cover it with a rug to keep it warm.
Summon a doctor without delay.
\,.,llliU ~ ~tOl, ltlllOIt: dilU VVdllllll~ Idllll-i~ .q I
Be very careful when starting the engine
inside a garage not to inhale the exhaust
gas. This contains odorless and invisible
carbon monoxide which is highly toxic.
Always open a garage door first.
After the engine has been started, the
battery charge, oil pressure and brake
pad wear telltale lamps will go out.
If they fail to go out, or come on again
during a journey, follow the instructions in
'DRIVING HINTS, MINOR DEFECTS'.
The brake warning lamp goes out when
the handbrake is released. The same lamp
indicates loss of brake fluid from the
reservoir if it comes on when the car is
l'Jeing driven. See 'DRIVING HINTS, MI-
NOR DEFECTS'.
 , ................ ,':;", • ....,' ........ "tl' ... , .... -- '" ,,"' ...... ...., ..... ,...., .... ' •• ", ............ ,

As an additional active safety feature, The electric heating elements on the The radial-ply tires approved by the
your BMW can be equipped with an rear window ensure unrestricted vision to factory for your BMW have been carefully

•
optional headlight cleaning system, the rear and prevent or remove fogging or selected for optimum road safety and the
ice buildup in freezing conditions. desired high level of ride comfort.
If the car's lights are in use, the headlight
cleaning system will operate at approx. When cleaning the inside of the rear The condition of the tires and maintenan-
30-second intervals when the windshield window, avoid agressive or abrasive sub- ce of the correct tire pressures will not
washer control is pu lied by the driver. stances or solvents which might damage only affect tire life but also playa great
Check at regular intervals that the system the electrodeposited heating elements. part in assuring safe driving under all
is operating correctly. conditions.
Do not obstruct rearward vision with large
objects placed on the parcels shelf be- See 'DRIVING HINTS, MINOR DEFECTS'
neath the rear window, and remember for all you need to know about tires.
that these could fly forwards during a Warning: Transistorized coil ignition
collision and cause injury.
This is a high-output ignition system, and
Do not neglect the wiper blades either. If it is highly dangerous to touch any live
they leave streaks or unwiped areas, they components when the engine is running.
may affect your view of the road. Wiper ¥
blades should be renewed at least once a
year.
The rear fog light on your BMW is
intended to make the car more easily
visible to following road users in thick fog,
and to show up at a greater distance.
Fog lights (optional extra) greatly improve
illumination close to the car in thick .fog,
and like the rear fog light are valuable
active safety features. Your BMW service
station will gladly install them subse-
quently. Remember that there are natio-
nal regulations covering the positioning
and use of fog lights.

•

Brake fluid is hygro~opic by nature, that
is to say it will tem, to absorb moisture
•
from the atmosphlire over a period. In
order to ensure that the brake system
remains fully operational, the brake fluid
must be renewed once a year by your
BMW service station.
The reservoir should be filled to the
upper 'MAX' mark.
Your BMW service station knows the
factory-approved grades of brake fluid.
•
Brake fluid, safety test, ski rack 43
Apart from regular Inspections at least
twice yearly, you should submit your car
for the BMW Safety Test during the
intervening periods. This will ensure that
your BMW is thoroughly roadworthy and
is your personal guarantee of safe driving
always.
The ski rack should be loaded so that the
tail ends of the skis point forwards. Put
only one pair of skis in each holder, with
sticks in the luggage compartment. Check
all holders regularly.
BMW ski racks to match your car can be
obtained from your BMW dealer.
 On your way!
•
For satisfactory performance, your engine
needs the following fuel grade, to which it
is unnecessary to add upper cylinder
lubricant or similar additives:
Super (premium), min. 98 octane (Re-
search Method), 88 octane (Motor Me-
thod) to DIN 51600 standard
In certain foreign countries care must be
taken to ensure that only fuel of the
necessary minimum quality is purchased.
If you have no choice but to refuel with a
grade having a lower octane number and
thus less anti-knock resistance, observan-
ce of the following rules will help to
eliminate 'pinking' or pre-ignition to a
large extent: keep the engine running at
speeds between 2500/min and max.
5500/min at all times, shift down to a
lower gear in good time and accelerate
gently and smoothly. The section headed
'SPECIFICATIONS' contains graphs of
road speed and engine speed.
Economic driving depends to a large
extent on your style of driving.
Driving economically does not mean dri-
•
ving slowly.
High speeds, acceleration flat-out in each Neverrun a cold engine at a high speed, as
gear, sudden braking and sharp cornering this will shorten its useful operating life.
all incur an 'express train surcharge' in the When declutching, always push the clutch
form of increased fuel and oil consump- pedal down fully; never drive with your
tion, and more rapid wear of tires, brakes
foot resting on the pedal.
and all transmission components.
On automatic transmission cars, the brake
The standard test method for determining pedal and accelerator should be operated
fuel consumption (DIN 70030, section with the right foot.
1) is by no means identical with the car's
average fuel consumption in everyday
driving, which depends on a variety of
factors such as driving style, load, road
conditions, traffic density and flow, wea-
ther, tire pressures etc.
The 'SPECIFICATIONS' section of this
handbook includes graphs of fuel con- .
sumption at various steady speeds, with '
the car in standard trim and two persons
on board.
After a lengthy period spent in heavy city'
traffic or in a slow-moving queue of
vehicles, you are recommended to give
your car's engine a chance to 'breathe
deeply' by driving for some distance at
engine speeds between 4500 and
5500/min. This will disperse any soot
deposits in the combustion chambers.
It is unnecessary to warm the engine up at
idle speed; instead, drive the car away
immediately after it has been started,
using moderate engine speeds only. If
outside temperatures are below - 15°C,
however, allow the engine to run for about
half a minute at a fast idling speed in order
to ensure that oil reaches all parts of the
engine or, on automatic transm iss ion cars,
wait until the transmission takes ,up the
drive (see 'Cold weather operation').
 .,...,
-----------------------------------------
The 'Ten Command-
ments' for energy-
• conscious driving
1. Do not warm up the engine to opera-
ting temperature at idle speed, and
never leave the engine to idle for
long periods.
Driving your car away immediately after
starting is the quickest way of warming up
the cold engine to its normal operating
temperature. And the right operating tem-
perature means greater fuel economy.
Switch off the engine when you stop for a
prolonged period. Only three minutes at
idle speed cost as much as 1 km (3/4
mile) on the open road.
2. Do not drive up to maximum speed in
1st gear - use it only for starting off.
First gear consumes more fuel than any
other gear at a given road speed. Fu1I-
throttle getaways result in unnecessarily
high fuel consumption.
•
3. Shift up to a higher gear in good time,
and try to drive in the higher and
more economical 3rd, 4th or 5th
gears.
Example: Driving at a steady 50 km/h (30
mile/h) in 2nd instead of 4th gear consu-
mes up to 100% more fuel.
It can still be as much as 30% more if you'
use 3rd gear instead of 4th at the same -
speed. BMW engines have such excellent
torque that they can be driven without
hesitation at low speeds in high gears, e. g.
at 50 km/h (30 mile/h) in town traffic.
4. Adopt a moderate driving style and
avoid extremes.
Do not accelerate when you can see that
you will have to brake in the next few
moments. Drive quickly but smoothly and
steadily. Try to keep off the brakes, allow
your car to coast and avoid traffic jams
wherever possible.
Economy 47
5. Avoid driving at full throttle for long
periods.
The maximum power potential of a car is
one of its most important safety reserves.
However, if you always use maximum
power on busy main roads, you will be
constantly braking from maximum
speeds. That costs energy. Steady aver-
age speeds help save fuel, nerves and
wear and costs only very little extra time.
6 . .check tire pressures regularly.
Ifthe tire inflation pressure is only 0.5 bar
(7 Ib/in 2 ) less than specified, rolling resis-
tance is increased by 15% and your fuel
consumption too.
7. Do not carry unnecessary weight
(ballast) or use a roof rack.
Every bit of extra weight wastes energy.
Do not carry your 'weekend luggage' with
you all the time. A roof rack increases air
resistance and fuel consumption. Remove
roof or ski racks im mediately after use.
 • 48 Economy
• 8. Plan your journeys in advance if
possible.
Every traffic jam and every unnecessary,
tiresome search for a parking space costs
energy. You should plan to avoid rush-
hour traffic and times when there is a lack
of parking spaces in city centers. You can
often miss traffic jams by starting your
journey half an hour earlier or later.
9. Have your car serviced regularly and
the necessary adjustments for maxi-
mum fuel economy perlormed.
An ideal fuel-air mixture and optimum
utilization of fuel depend on the condition
of the air cleaner, spark plugs, valves,
carburetoror fuel injection system and the
ignition system. Regular servicing can
produce a fuel saving of up to 10%. That
means that the average car user would
need some 150 liters (33 Imp., 39.3 US
gal) less fuel over the year if his car were
always set up and adjusted correctly.
•
10. Check your car's fuel consumption
regularly and accurately.
Only if you know your own car's fuel
consumption can you compare it with the
car maker's specifications and empirical
values. And it is only possible to keep a
check on your method of driving and have
minor engine adjustments performed in
good time if you record the fuel consump-
tion.
We would like to give you a
few additional and useful
tips
Commandments 1 - 5:
More skilful driving pays off where it is
needed most: under difficult conditions.
Let us start at a common point: A medium
size BMW car consumes about 7 li-
ters/1 00 km (40.3 mile/Imp. gal or 33.6
mile/US gal) at a steady 60 km/h (37
mile/h). But in town traffic we average
only 20 km/h (12.5 mile/h) and usually
consume twice as much in the process. It
Jls in this area therefore that we can adopt
new ways of behaving and observe some
relatively simple driving rules. The simp-
lest basic rule here is always to drive in the
highest possible gear or, put another way,
use the lowest engine speed at all times.
You will have to change gear a little more
ohen, but the fuel saving is considerable.
While you drive be conscious of the next
gear shih or braking decision. Do not
accelerate when you can see that you will
have to brake a few moments later. Cars
which move forwards in a series of jerks
not only hinder the smooth flow of traffic,
they are constantly wasting energy.
 Economy 49

Sensible use of engineering excellence The instruments show you the way to You can obtain further information from
One very good psychological precondition economy your local BMW dealer.
for staying cool and composed at the The graph shows the fuel consumption in The shift points for economic driving are
A:;heel are cars which make it just as easy relation to road speed in the individual as follows for your BMW.
• to accelerate as to give way. Cars which gears. It is clear to see how important it is
make one drive considerately because to change gear in good time. BMW drivers BMW Model Shift point at 85% of
they offer safety reserves that enable have the advantage of possessing an at engine max.
them to be maneuvered with agility and engine which delivers high torque over a speed engine
speed in traffic whenever the need arises wide rev range and thus allows upshifts to torque
and help their driver in many situations in be made very early without sacrificing
which one suddenly requires the power either safety or comfort. BMW 316 1'850/min 119 Nm
and safety potential of a BMW. As we BMW 318 i 1700/min 123 Nm
Our recommendation: Watch your revolu- BMW 320 1900/min 136 Nm
said. when you have the power to accele-
tion counter. Note the most favorable BMW 323 i 2150/min 162 Nm
rate. it costs only a smile to hold back and
torque range so that you always change to
give way.
the next gear at the ideal shift point. If no
revolution counter is fitted to your car,
note the best gear shift speeds on the
speedometer.

•
 bU I:conomy

Thoughtfulness reduces the burden on Driver B accelerates fully in 1st and 2nd The extreme fluctuations clearly demon-

•
you and your tank
The table of fuel consumptions for cars
under different operating conditions, i. e.
constant 90 km/h (56 mile/h) and 120
km/h (75 mile/h) and urban motoring
(exhaust gas test cycle) shows the more a
car is used, the greater the effect of driving
style and being at ease at the wheel have
on consumption.
The graph below illustrates how different
fuel consumptions can be achieved at the
same average speed when two different
driving styles are employed.
The graph plots the driving methods of
two drivers: Driver A (solid line) and driver
B (broken line).
gears between the first and second set of strate that it can be far better to travel at
traffic lights and arrives at the lights earlier a steady high average speed which mat-
than driver A. but must brake hard becau- ches the general flow of traffic. That saves
se the traffic lights are 'red'. Driver A on a lot of nerves and a lot of energy as well.
the other hand does not use full throttle Every time the car is braked heavily the
through the gears and shifts up to 3rd brake discs unnecessarily convert valu-
gear. He sees that the lights are 'red', able energy into heat.
reduces his speed and can then drive
across the jun«tion in 2nd gear without
braking because the lights change to
green as he arrives.
A high average is better than high speed
When one looks at the speed diagram of
a car that has been driven at the maximum
possible speed at every opportunity on a,
busy main road, one notices the following:

!
00:
'd.:
1-. . .. ..
~. ~ ~. ... +.. . .,. . . . . .....
, ..~ ~

o i "'"", I I
! Ir!
1
1
' --km/h ·~·--·lJ1OOkm

I . ..

o 15
-~~ . .. ,--./"',
,
\ ~ 1I rfl \.
\7
I
. -., "'; ..... - 1'-
• >

"
II
i\J·l
, '"
\
-,
.> '"'"'

-."

•
£ 24 80160 I J: 2480181

Commandment 6:
Driving with the tires under-inflated redu-
e
ces their useful life and increases the risk
f tire damage; the tire is flexed and
eformed excessively and thus becomes
too hot. Its rolling resistance is also
increased, more engine power is required
and fuel consumption is accordingly hig-
her. Check tire pressures regularly at not
more than 14 day intervals.
•
Commandment 7:
Energy - disappearing into thin air?
The graph below shows the power which
must be expended to overcome air resi-
stance as vehicle speed rises. A segment
is show (see shaded area) because car
shapes vary and therefore have a lower or
higher air resistance to overcome.
A Air resistance high
B = Air resistance low
ecunumy ::> I
Commandment 9:
A united effort to reach a common
target: May we ask for your undivided
attention. .
The automobile industry, the European in
particular, has progressively reduced fuel
consumption over the past decades while
satisfying greatly increased customer re-
quirements. Its extraordinarily intensive
investment and research 'programs are
directed at improving the results obtained
up to now while maintaining or even
surpassing present safety and comfort
requirements. But that in itself is not
enough. As we have to save energy now
with !he existing car population and no
existing technology, we ask all car users to
make their contribution - in addition to the
efforts of the government and the indu-
stry.
 52 Economy

BMW engine technology makes it easy Anotherexample: The torque curve shows The engine is supplied with dust-free

•
for you to adopt a reasonable approach why a BMW engine is the ideal prerequisi- combustion air by way of the air cleaner.
The best prerequisite for a new economic te for fuel efficient motoring at low engine If the air cleaner is very dirty, the engine
way of driving is the ultimate in engines - speeds. The BMW 323 i, for instance, will be starved of fresh, clean air and the
as offered by BMW. An engine that delivers 85% of its maximum torque, i. e. result will be an increase in fuel consump-
delivers high torque at the lowest possible its maximum pulling power, at only 2150 tion.
rev/min. rev/min. It can be driven smoothly, com-
fortably and safely in high gears, i. e. the
In this respect a BMW offers you maxi-
economic 3rd and 4th gears, at low
mum efficiency. The special characteristic
speeds on busy city roads.•
of all BMW cars is their ability to acceler-
ate smoothly at high revs as well as giving It does not sputter, will accelerate quickly
you plenty of jerk-free bottom end power. when required and, because the engine is
not under load, consumes very little fuel
A BMW responds with smooth power
even when compared with smaller cars.
delivery when others are still sputtering
The effect of a very high torque at very low
revs can be demonstrated by an example:
The BMW 732 i can climb a gradient of
more than 35% with the engine turning at
only 1000 rev/min. PS = HP

•

Sooted and worn spark plugs reduce
engine power and waste fuel. Checking
•
them regularly also contributes to econo-
mic use of energy.
A carburetor/fuel injection system servi-
ce. i. e. checking the setting, can suddenly
make one realize what economy is about.
Your BMW dealer performs the carbure-
tor/fuel injection system service not only
to provide you with optimum economy
but also to ensure that the exhaust gases
remain clean and protect the environ-
ment.
•
E24 80 169
t:collorny 0-'
Commandment 10: This is how you calculate your con-
sumption per 100 km (or mile per
Having faith is good, checking is better
gallon):
The secret of energy conscious driving is
knowing exactly what your car consumes.
fuel consumed in liters x 100
Only if you establish what the effects of
different driving styles are on consump-
distance covered in km
tion and what readjustments can do for
the engine will you act and react with
greater awareness in future.
Keep a constant check on how much fuel
you use. fuel consumption in liters per 100 km
Preconditions for fuel consumption
measurement or
1. The engine must be run in.
2. Fill the tank to the brim.
3. The car should be perfectly level when distance covered in miles
you fill up.
4. Get rid of air bubbles in the tank by fuel consumed in gallons
rocking the car.
'Check as you drive':
Try to maintain a constant 90 or 120 fuel consumption in miles per gallon
km/h (56 or 75 mile/h) in direct top (4th
gear).
'Observe' - Please observe the specifications regar-
ding grades of fuel and engine oil.
Measuring the consumption
Afterfinishing your journey, fill the tank to
the brim again.
 54 Engine oil consumption, checking oil level
Engine oil consumption. like fuel con-
•
sumption, depends on the way in which
the car is driven and the operating condi-
tions.
We recommend that you check engine oil
level regularly. for instance whenever you
buy fuel. If necessary, add fresh oil (of the
same grade as that already in the enginel
at the filler on the engine's rocker cover.
Do not fill beyond the upper mark on the
dipstick (see 'CARE AND MAINTENAN-
CE').
The most accurate oil level reading will be
obtained with the car standing on a level
surface and the oil cold (before the engine
is started). or after allowing the oil to drain
back into the sump for a short period (if
the engine has already been run). Make
sure that the loop handle of the dipstick
•
points towards the front of the car and
that the dipstick is inserted fully into the
tube on the engine block.
The quantity of oil represented by the
space between the two marks on the
dipstick is 1.25 liters ('.3 US quarts, 2.2
Imp. pints) on the BMW 316 and 318 i,
and 1.5 liters (1.6 US quarts, 2.6 Imp.
pints) on the BMW 320 and 323 i.
Adding too much oil serves no useful
purpose and may even harm the engine.
Since this excess oil will tend to be burned
off within a short time, it may create the
impression that oil consumption is heavier
than usual.
The best procedure is to add fresh oil only
when the level has dropped almost to the
lower mark on the dipstick. However, do
not allow the level to fall below the
minimum-level mark.
Avoid a change to a different grade or
make of oil unless the oil is drained
completely from the engine and the oil
filter element also renewed,
Our engines are designed to require no oil
additives if one of today's highly advan-
ced brand-name lubricating oils is used.
The same applies to the oils for the
manual gearbox or automatic transmis-
sion. final drive and power steering.
Checking oil level on automatic trans-
mission and power steering (see 'CARE
AND MAINTENANCE'): this can be done
, whenever the engine oil level is checked.
 ..
Coolant level should be checked regular-
ly, preferably at the same time as the oil
•
level. (See 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE').
Warning: before removing the cooling
system filler cap, allow the engine to cool
sufficiently (coolant thermometer needle
in the center of the normal-temperature
zone). Then slacken the filler cap by giving
it a quarter-turn to the left (position I).
Allow the steam pressure to escape befo-
re turning the cap further and removing it.
When replacing the cap, tighten it as far as
position II.
•
Always keep the luggage compartment lid
closed when on the move. This will pre-
vent toxic exhaust gas from being drawn
back into the car's interior. If you are
carrying bulky items and cannot close the
lid, it is a good precaution to close all the
windows including the sliding roof if fitted,
and run the fresh air or heater blower at
medium to high speed.
For extended periods of foreign travel, we
recommend carrying a few spare parts on
the car, for instance bulbs, fuses, V-belts,
spark plugs, gaskets etc. Your BMW
service station will gladly advise you in
selecting the essential items.
When crossing into a country with a
different 'rule of the road', that is to say
where the traffic drives on the opposite
side to that used in your own country, the
wedge-shaped sectors of the asymme-
tric-beam dipped (low) beam headlights
should be covered with adhesive tape to
prevent the upswept portion of the beam
from dazzling oncoming traffic. The illu-
stration below shows a left-hand drive car
modified in this way for use in a country
where they drive on the left side of the
road.
 '/
56 DIsc brakes
Useful information on disc brakes
•
The brake booster servo on your BMW
operates pneumatically, so that the nec-
essary vacuum is built up only when the
engine is running. When the car is moved
with the engine stopped and the pressure
reservoir empty, for instance when being
towed, a much higher pedal pressure than
usual will be needed to produce the
anticipated braking effect.
On long downhill gradients the engine's
braking action when the throttle is closed
can be increased by selecting a lower
gear. Never run downhill with the clutch
pedal depressed, the gear lever in neutral
or - a very dangerous practice - the
ignition switched off.
It is essential to observe the running in
instructions for the braking system when
new brake pads are fitted - see 'OPERA-
TING INSTRUCTIONS'.
Warning: When renewing brake pads,
only BMW-approved brake pads should
be used otherwise the General Operating
Permit or equivalent may be invalidated.
A disc brake system offers optimum
braking efficiency, smooth response and a
high load capacity. The peak temperatu-
res which occur during brake applications,
e. g. on mountain passes when driving
quickly, necessitate a maximum degree of
cooling which is provided exclusively by
ram air or the peripheral speed of the
brake discs.
•
Wet conditions, dirt, salt spread on winter All these climatic and environmental
roads and corrosion of the brake discs can effects cause a change in the brakes'
impair brake behavior by increasing brak- coefficient of friction. i. e. less braking
ing distances, altering the car's normal efficiency is available for a given pedal
brake pressure distribution, causing varia- effort. If the coefficients of friction change
tions in the coefficient of friction on the in this way the brakes may respond
individual wheels and thus make the car unevenly or pull to one side.
pull to one side.
Corrosion of the brake discs is accelerated
if the car is used very little or garaged for
long periods.
Gentle or moderate use of the brakes also
promotes corrosion of the brake discs and
allows the brake pads to become dirty
because the minimum pressure necessary
for the disc brake's self-cleaning action is •
not reached between the pad and disc. .
Corroded brake discs cause a knocking
effect when the brakes are applied and
this cannot generally be eliminated by
prolonged braking.
Dirt burnt into the brake pads (glazing of
brake area) and clogged drain grooves
cause scoring of the brake discs as well as
a change, reduction or delay in braking
effect.
Another problem in this connection is
brake squeal which tends to increase in
intensity as the discs become dirtier or
glazed.
 U I~l,. UI c:U\t1~ :.J J

Keeping your disc brakes in trim The most effective braking action is achie- Important: Always have the brake fluid
Every now and then disc brakes should be ved not with locked wheels, but when the changed every year!

•
applied Quite hard once or twice from high wheels are still just turning. Locking the
We recommend you consult a BMW
speed - providing traffic conditions allow. wheels can be dangerous, as locked front
service station without delay in the event
The high brake pressure produced in the wheels can no longer be steered, and
of any faults occurring in the brake sys-
process ensures that the brake pads and locked rear wheels cause the car to slide
tem.
discs are kept clean. sideways or spin.
Similarly, on long journeys in poor wea- If brake disc corrosion is advanced and the
ther conditions, especially in winter when brake pads are dirty (glazed brake area,
salt has been spread on the roads, it is blocked drain grooves), the discs and pads
advisable to apply the brakes firmly from should be inspected, cleaned or repaired
time to time. This not only tests their by a BMW service station.
efficiency in the prevailing conditions The brake system of your BMW should
(take care at temperatures around free- be checked regularly before and after
zing point!). Each 'test' application allows winter by a BMW service station, possi-
the self-cleaning action to take place and bly in conjunction with the prescribed
thus restore the brakes' readiness for inspection work.
operation even under the worst weather
conditions.
In wet conditions or during rainfall it is
advisable to apply the brakes briefly with
light pedal pressure every few miles. The
heat generated in this way keeps the discs
and pads dry for a certain period.
Before you park the car after driving
through the rain, and especially if salt has
been spread on the roads, lightly brake the
car to a standstill so that the brake discs
remain dry and cannot corrode easily.
If the brake discs already show signs of
corrosion it is possible to cure the problem
in its early stages by applying the brakes
hard several times. Take care not to
endanger other road users and avoid
locking the wheels!

•
 What you should know about tires
•
The radial-ply tires approved by the
factory for your BMW have been carefully
selected for optimum road safety and the
desired high level of ride comfort.
The condition of the tires and maintenan-
ce of the correct tire pressures will not
only affect tire life but also playa great
part in assuring safe driving under all
conditions.
Tire inflation pressures
Incorrect tire pressures are often the
reason behind tire complaints. They also
have a considerable influence on the
handling of your BMW.
Before any lengthy journey, and regularly
at least once a week, tire pressures
should be checked. Do not forget to keep
the spare tire at the correct pressure too,
allowing approx. 0.3 bar (4 Ib/in 2 ) more
than the pressure required when the car is
fully laden.
The specified tire pressures are shown on
the last page of this handbook.
Using lower pressures than those speci-
fied will not improve the already high level
of ride comfort. On the contrary, it will
endanger driving safety since the tire's
ability to withstand heat buildup when
driving fast will be reduced, the sidewalls
will tend to overheat due to greater
flexing, rolling resistance will be increased
and thus tire wear encouraged.
•
However, excessive tire pressures un-
doubtedly affect ride comfort and safety
too. They introduce excessive stresses
into the fabric carcass of the tire, increase
tread tension and thus encourage prema-
ture wear.
The valves should be protected against
dust and dirt by screw-on caps. Dirt
entering the valves can often lead to
gradual loss of pressure.
At high speeds, tires have to withstand
enormous loads, particularly during hot
weather and when a full load is being
carried (passengers and luggage). Note
that the specified increased pressures
must be adhered to and the permissible
gross weight not exceeded.
For your own safety - check tire pressu-
res regularly.
Tire tread - tire damage
Check general tire condition, too, as often'
as possible and look for localized damage,
foreign bodies in the treads, tread wear
and remaining tread depth.
Although the law may accept tread
depths as low as 1 mm (0.04 in), it is good
practice to renew tires when the treads
have worn down to 3 m m {o. 12 in!. Failing
this, sudden and highly dangerous 'aqua-
planing' may occur at high speeds when
sheets of water are covering the road
surface, despite the fact that the depth of
water does not appear dangerous.
If you continue using the tires the wear
indicator in the tread will appear when 1.6
mm (0.06 in) of tread is left to signal that
the statutory wear limit will soon be
reached.
Always match your driving speed to the
conditions of YO\ir tires, i. e. the remaining
tread depth, and climatic conditions.
The design of your car is such that tire
tread w~ars more on the outer shoulders
of the front wheels and more on the inner
shoulders and center of the tread of the
, rear wheels. In order to maintain the very
best ride and handling properties of your
car, we recommend that you do not
j( change the road wheels from front to back
. at regular intervals although this may
slightly shorten the tire service life.
On the other hand we recommed that you
have the fornt and rear axle alignment
checked once a year and whenever you
renew the tires. Excessive tread wear
indicates incorrect axle geometry and this
should be rectified immediately by your
BMW service station.
Re-cutting tire treads is not allowed be-
cause of the risk of damaging the tire
carcass.
A foreign body which has penetrated the
tire can cause a gradual loss of air which
will only be noticed in good time if the tire
pressures are checked regularly. In such a
case the tire should be examined, repaired
or renewed by a BMW service station or a
specialist tire dealer as soon ~ possible.

Drive at a moderate speed over poor road
surfaces· and approach unavoidable ob-
•
structions, such as a kerb or severe bump
in the road, with care so that the inner
structure of the tire does not suffer
damage invisible to the naked eye.
Take care not to bump the tire sidewalls
when parking or driving onto loading
ramps, car lifts etc.
Avoid overloading your BMW - especially
on vacation trips. Overloading the vehicle
can also exceed the tire's permitted load
capacity and thus cause premature or
subsequent tire damage.
Tire damage can be extremely dangerous
for both yourself and other road users.
Renewing tires
Only tires of the same type may be fitted
on all four wheels. A mixture of cross-ply
and radial-ply tires is illegal because it
greatly impairs the vehicle's behavior.
Furthermore, in order to maintain the
good ride and handling properties of your
BMW all tires should be ofthe same make
and tread pattern.
BMW rejects the use of remolded or
retreaded tires owing to the possibility of
differences in the tire carcasses and their
sometimes very advanced signs of aging
which can have a detrimental effect on
their durability and, under certain circum-
stances, the car's handling and safety.
•
Tires 59
.Before undertaking any change to the The speed rating code letters indicate the
tires on your car, please consult a BMW maximum permissible road speeds for
service station concerning the practical radial-ply tires:
value, legal position and factory recom- =
SR up to 180 km/h (110 mile/h)
mendations. HR = up to 210 km/h (130 mile/h)
=
VR over 210 km/h (130 mile/h)
A knowledge of tire and rim markings will
help you make the right choice of tire. The We recommend the exclusive use of
following tire size designations apply to BMW-approved tires. However, if
your car: another make of tire is used, a confirma-
e.g. 1B5/70 HR 13 or tion should be obtained from the tire
1B5/70 HR 13 B9 H or manufacturerfor models with a maximum
185/70 R 1389 H*) or speed in excess of 220 km/h (136
185/70 HR 13 89 T M + S") mile/h) stating that the tires selected will
.) to DIN 7803, Part 5 withstand the loads occurring on the car.
" j for winter tires See 'SPECIFICATIONS' for the disc
w
4/heels and tires which may be fitted on
your car. These modifications are already
included in the General Operating Permit
11~70
H 89 H . or equivalent. They may however have to
be entered in the registration papers as
Tire width in jR 13 additional equipment if installed subse-
Cross sectional qlJently.
ratio in % ...J
Important: When renewing or removing
Speed rating code letter
Type code letter for radial tubeless tires, always renew the rubber
valve as a safety precaution.
Rim diameter in inch')
(in mm for TRX tires)
Load rating code··)I------....J
Speed rating code letter··I _
.) 1 inch = 25.4 mm
" j only on SR and HR tires, but noton VR
tires
 60 Winter tires, snow chains, cold-weather operation
Winter tires
•
If winter tires (radial ply tires with special
winter tread pattern) are fitted, they must
in the interests ofgood directional stability
and steering control be of the same make
and tread pattern on all four wheels (and
preferably on the spare wheel as well).
You should fit exclusively BMW-appro-
ved winter tires. Your BMW service
station will be glad to advise you on
selecting the right winter tire for the
anticipated operating conditions.
The speed rating code letters indicate the
maximum permissible road speeds for
winter tires:
SR M+S (Ql - up to 160 km/h
(100 mile/h)
HR M+S (T) - up to 190 km/h
(118 mile/h)
HR M+S (H) - up to 210 km/h
(130 mile/h)
(TRX tires)
Always adhere strictly to the maximum
speed limit specified for your winter tires.
Many countries lay down maximum
speeds for cars with winter tires of 160
km/h (100 mile/h) or slower. You may
also be required to display a notice stating
the maximum speed limit for these tires
within the driver's field of view. If this is a
legal requirement, your tire dealer will be
able to supply the appropriate adhesive
label.
Also observe the specified tire inflation
pressures and have wheels balanced
•
whenever you change a tire or wheel.
Use only factory-approved long life anti-
freeze and corrosion inhibitors (your
BMW service station can advise you).
BMW fine-link snow chains may be
used on the drive wheels only, and a
maximum speed of 60 km/h (37 mile/h)
should not be exceeded.
For cold weather operation, certain
items should be attended to your car
before the cold season sets in. The cooling
system is supplied already filled with a
long fife antifreeze and corrosion inhibi-
tor. Its concentration should not drop
below 35% all the year round or else the
corrosion inhibiting action will be lost.
The total capacity of the cooling system
including the heater circuit is 7.2 liters
(7.6 US quarts, 12.7 Imp. pints) on the
BMW 316 and 318 i, and 12 liters (12.7'
US quarts, 21.1 Imp. pints) on the BMW
320 and 323 i. Antifreeze protection is
provided down to approx. -25 0 C (13 0 Fl.
The coolant should be drained and re-
newed every 2 years. (For draining and
refilling the cooling system, see 'CARE
AND MAINTENANCE'). Check antifreeze
concentration before and during the cold
season. At the same time, examine the
cooling system for leaks and renew any
hoses which have become brittle or po-
rous.
Engine temperature is kept constant by a
thermostat, which responds to engine
load and outside temperature. For this
reason the radiator or front grill ,should
not be blanked off or a blind fitted.
The windshield washer and headlight
cleaning reservoir can b 7 kept ?peratio-
nal in cold weather by adding antIfreeze to
01 N 51 421 standard in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.
Note also the instructions concerning
engine oil at the start of the cold season
(see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE')
00 not wait until a routine oil change is
'due jf the weather suddenly turns much
colder.
, For reliable starting, the battery must be
fully charged. In cold weather the batte-
ry's efficiency is reduced yet greater de-
mands are made on it than in fine weather
-! with less driving after dark.
Warning: When charging th.e battery in
position in the car the engine must be
stopped and both battery leads detached.
Never disconnect the battery leads
while the engint; is running as this will
permanently damage the electronic sys-
tem on your car.
After a cold start, particularly at tempera-
tures below _15 0 C, there will be a certain
amount of stiffness in the gear lever and
hardness in the suspension - sometimes
accompanied by operating noises - which
cannot be avoided as it is caused by the
cold viscous oils. It disappears after a
short period of driving. On automatic
transmission cars it may be necessary to
warm up the car at idle speed ~ntil the
transmission will take up the.clnve With
 \..oVIU'I/I/COllICI UtJCIOUUII, lC\,.,IIIII\"'OI IIIUUIII\"'ollUII~ 0 I

the selector in 1 or R. We recommend that Chromium plated and polished metal Before undertaking any technical modi-
you start off with the selector in 1 and, at parts can be protected with a colorless fications to your car, please consult a

•
_25 0 C for example, drive in that position chrome lacquer during the cold season of BMW service station concerning the prac-
for up to 3 km (2 miles). the year. tical value, legal position and factory
attitude to such modifications.
When parking your car, prevent it from After a heavy fall of snow, clear the air
rolling away by engaging 1st gear or entries on the engine compartment lid so
Reverse, or by selecting P' on automatic that the car's heater and stale air extrac-
transmission cars. If the car is on a slope, tion can operate effectively.
also apply the handbrake. To prevent the
In cold weather, we recommend carrying
handbrake linings freezing to the drums or
the following items in case of emergency:
becoming corroded it is advisable to dry
off the handbrake beforehand by applying - a quantity of sand to aid starting on ice-
it lightly as you bring the car to a standstill. covered slopes
- a shovel to extricate the car from
Roadholding and grip can often be impro-
snowdrifts
ved on ice or snow covered roads and in
- a plank to act as a support for the car's
mountain districts by carrying approx. 50
jack
kg (110 Ib) of ballast in the luggage
- a brush and ice scraper to clean the
compartment. The ballast should be pre-
windows and body panels if they are
vented from slipping.
covered with snow or ice.
Use only factory-approved lubricants on
Car stuck fast (in deep snow, sand, mud
the locks (your BMW service station can'
etc.):
advise you). These will ensure reliability
and prevent freezing. If a lock should Do not open the throttle too far; place
freeze despite these precautions, heat the some form of support under the rear
blade of the key before inserting it. wheels before they sink in too deep (if
nothing else is available the car's own
To prevent the rubber seals at the doors,
floor mats could be used). Obtain help in
engine and luggage compartment lids
pushing the car out of the holes made by
from freezing, we recommend coating
spinning rear wheels. Apply the hand-
them with glycerin.
brake lightly to prevent one rear wheel
Corrosion proofing: after not more than from spinning, but do not forget to release
14 months and again 36 months after the the handbrake again afterwards.
car's initial registrations, the standard
underseal and body cavity protection
must be repeated (see 'CARE AND
MAINTENANCE').

•
 r .
I I dlitH ll,l\l\illll:!
Towing a trailer with your BMW
Driving with a trailer always imposes
•
higher demands on both car and driver,
The trailer not only makes the car less
maneuverable, but also restricts hilI-clim-
bing ability, acceleration and braking. The
driver must make allowance for the out-
fit's changed ride and cornering ability
under all operating conditions.
For troublefree towing, it is essential for
the car and trailer to be perfectly matched
together, When choosing a car specifically
for towing, a heavier and more powerful
model is preferable; the trailer, on the
other hand, should be as light and com-
pact as possible consistent with your
requirements.
Thedetails below cover briefly all the main
aspects of towing a trailer with your BMW
automobile.
The trailer weight limit for your BMW is
shown in 'SPECIFICATIONS' and also on
the registration document in some coun-
tries. The regular trailer weight has been
chosen on the basis of thorough road
testing so that it can be towed without
difficulty under all conditions. Your BMW
is powerful enough to cope easily with all
traffic situations while towing this weight,
and not to cause hindrance to other road
users.
Up to this trailer weight. you can be sure
that BMW's sheer driving pleasure will
still be there for you to enjoy. But if you are
foreed to tow a higher weight than that
•
specified for your car, it may be necessary
p
to obtain a special permit from the licen-
sing or vehicle inspection authorities.
The maximum permissible trailer
weight for your BMW is shown under
'SPECIFICATIONS', This weight can be
specified by the authorities and entered in
the car's documents if the trailer coupling
has been installed in accordance with the
factory's recommendations, is type-ap-
proved and authorized for the maximum
weight.
However, it is best to tow the maximum
trailer weight only in exceptional circum-
stances, and to exercise special care and
concentration when towing this weight.
The number of trailer axles will often be '
governed directly by trailer weight. There
are single-axle, two-axle and tandem-axle
trailers. In the Federal Republic of Germa-'
nytandem-axle trailers may only be pulled
by holders of an automobile driving licen-
se if the distance between the axle centers
does not exceed 1 000 mm (39.4 in);
please check you r local or national regula-
tions in this respect,
Single-axle trailers are easier to maneu-
verby hand or with the car, and have a low
rate of tire wear.
Tandem-axle trailers possess greater di-
rectional stability and a lower nose weight
(towbar downthrust). However, more skill
and care are required to maneuver them.
The use of two unsteered axles increases
tire wear slightly.
For your own safety, the trailer should
have an independent brake for normal
driving, and a parking brake for use when
maneuvering by hand and parking the
trailer.
The load-sensitive overrun brake has by
now reached a high technical standard.
When the car's speed is reduced the
trailer tries to overrun it. whereupon the
brake is applied. The overrun force is
transmitted directly, but is damped me-
chanically or hydraulically to reduce jer-
king to a minimum.
Please make sure that the trailer's specifi-
$ cation always includes two wheel
chocks, to provide an additional safe-
guard against rolling away (as well as the
parking brake) when parked temporarily.
The variable-height jockey wheel on the
towbar, which should have a pneumatic
tire if possible, must be of adequate size so
that the trailer moves easily when maneu-
vered by hand.
The nose weight.or towbar downthrust is
the load exerted vertically downwards by
the trailer towbar on the ball and of the
car's trailer coupling.
In the Federal Republic of Germany a
minimum nose weight of 25 kg (55 Ib) is
required by law. Normally speaking, the
maximum value of 50 kg (110 Ib) should
not be exceeded. However, on certain
versions of our cars with the optional
trailer towing suspension rates or with
self-leveling rear suspension, an increase
in nose weight to 65 kg (143 Ib) is
permissible. In the interest of road safety
and for design reasons, do not exceed
these maximum values.

Since the cJriver of the outfit will be held
responsible if the nose weight is excee-
ded, it is good practice to measure it with
•
bathroom scales or by some similar
means before attaching the trailer to the
car. You can correct the nose weight by
redistributing the load inside the trailer
slightly.
The trailer payload or the contents of a
caravan trl!i1er must be carefully stowed
to ensure that the trailer runs true (without
snaking) and does not jerk the car. Lighter
items (cushions, pillows, bed linen etc.)
should be stowed at the extreme front and
rear. Heavier items (extension tent, poles,
movable items of furniture) must be sto-
wed at floor level above the trailer axle(sl.
and lashed down to prevent them from
slipping.
The lower the trailer's center of gravity,
the more stable it will be and the greater
the safety of the complete outfit when on
the move.
When loading the trailer, make sure that
you do not exceed the gross weight limit
for the axle-load limits of either the trailer
or the car's rear axle. The limit in practice
is whichever of these values is reached
first. .'
When towing a trailer, you must remem-
ber to deduct the effective nose weight
from the car's gross weight and rear axle
load limits before loading the car's lugga-
ge compartment.
Stabilizing devices can be installed to
improve the outfit's straight-line running
and reduce snaking and pitching move-
ments. They can be purchased from spe-
cialist dealers, but make sure that the
device you intend to install is type-appro-
ved or has a general operating permit.
Before you acquire a trailer it may be good
practice to obtain a warranty statement
from the manufacturer as to the effective
trailer weight and permissible payload.
The correct trailer coupling for your
BMW (with either fixed or detachable ball
head) can be ordered as a factory-fitted
option or installed subsequently as a
BMW accessory.
for later installation, be sure to specify
only a genuine BMW-approved and tested
trailer coupling, and have it fitted by your
BMW dealer or authorized BMW service
station. This is your guarantee that the
trailer coupling has been designed, tested
and manufactured with the same care as
the remaining components of your BMW.
If the licensing authorities require the
trailer coupling to be inspected and ente-
red in the car's documents, the procedure
will be simplified if a genuine BMW-
approved installation has been specified.
The suspension rates of your BMW repre-
sent the optimum blend of road safety,
ride comfort and good road holding for the
enthusiastic driver. They are equally suita-
ble for towing a trailer provided that this
takes place only occasionally, culminating
perhaps in one longer vacation trip every
year, and provided that the driver modifies
his approach to suit the more arduous
conditions of trailer towing.
1railer towing 65
If the car is to be used very frequently or
all the time with a trailer, you are recom-
mended to specify the following items
(factory-fitted or tor subsequent installa-
tion):
- uprated suspension for trailer towing
- sports suspension or
- self-leveling rear suspension
Trailer suspension rates are stiffer at the
rear axle, so that the tail of the car rides
slightly higher than usual. They are recom-
mended for frequent trailer towing, but are
les§; suitable for normal driving since the
center of gravity is raised and the axle
ratings altered.
Sports suspension is stiffer all round, and
the car sits slightly lower on the road. It is
suitable for the enthusiastic day-to-day
driver who tows a trailer occasionally.
Self-leveling rear suspension (available
on BMW series 5,6 and 7 cars) is the ideal
solution for trailer towicg. Unless the rear
axle load limit is exceeded, the car always
returns to the correct static ride height
regardless of the load carried and whether
the trailer is attached or not.
BMW does not officially approve any
other suspension devices or systems sold
by the automotive accessory trade.
When loading the car prior to towing
a trailer, please remember that its
• bodywork, suspension and brakes will be
exposed to far greater loads than when
driving solo. Note in particular that heavy
loads placed in the car's luggage compart-
ment must be added to the towbar
 66 Trailer towing
---'-----------_._-----------------
nose weight at the trailer coupling (ball
head). Taken together, these loads must
•
not cause the car's rear axle load limit to
be exceeded. Heavy items must be loca-
ted over the trailer axle and lashed secure-
ly to prevent sliP; ·~ways remember:
careful load dlstributioi'l~).tl)ecar and the
trailer may be vital for your safety, and is
certainly the secret of effortless driving
with a trailer on long journeys.
When the trailer is being towed, never
carry a load on the roof rack of your BMW.
This raises the car's center of gravity and
increases the surface area exposed to the
wind. so that handling may be seriously
affected.
You should always check headlight beam
settings before a journey, with the loaded
trailer attached to the car. Adjustment
may be needed on cars with standard
suspension, but also with sports or trailer
suspension. It is best for the headlight
beams to be aimed by a service station
which has the proper equipment for the
task.
If the car is equipped with self-leveling
rear suspension (optional), the headlight
beams need not be reset.
If the car is equipped with an internal
headlight beam setting control (optional).
this can be used to aim the headlights
correctly with the trailer attached.
If the standard rear-view mirrors cannot
be used when the trailer is attached, the
law requires two suitable outside mirrors
to be attached to the car. They must
•
enable the driver to see both rear corners
of the trailer. Your BMW dealer can supply
and install suitable mirrors, including ty-
pes with adjustable .arms or detachable
for driving without the trailer.
The maximum gradient laid down for
your BMW is restricted, in the interests of
unobstructed traffic flow and maximum
road safety, to 16% (1 in 6.25) or, with
trailers of greater weight, to 12 or 8% (1
in 8.3 or 12.5). You must therefore be in
possession of maps showing maximum
road gradients before starting a journey in
hilly or mountainous regions. Such maps
can be obtained from car, touring or
caravan clubs.
~ Nobody is permitted to remain inside
Remember that you must allow not only
for maximum uphill gradients so that the
outfit can always be restarted successful-
ly, but also for steep downhill gradients so
that the trailer brakes are not overloaded.
Before descending a steep gradient, al-
ways select a lower gear or speed range in
good time, and reduce speed before the
gradient steepens Apply the foot brake
for brief periods at a time to prevent fade.
If your car has the BMW antilock braking
system (ABS) option (series 7 only) avoid
heavy brake applications during which the
ABS comes into action, since the overrun
brake on the trailer is of course not
connected to the ABS. Excessive trailer
braking could critically affect the stability
ol the outfit as a whole.
Before starting a journey on which steep
gradients are likely to be encountered, an
authorized service station should always
check the serviceability of the trailer bra:
kes.
Tire pressures must be raised to the
specified values before starting a journey
with the trailer. Comply with the trailer
manufacturer's tire pressure instructions
(do not forget to inflate the jockey wheel
tire correctly as weill.
The condition and pressure of the tires are
factors which not only govern tire life but
also influence road safety to a decisive
extent.
Check operation of the trailer rear lights
before starting every journey.
the trailer when the outfit is being
driven.
For journeys abroad, you must display an
international identification plate of the
country where the outfit is licensed, at the
rear of the car and of the trailer.
The maximum speed limit when towing
a trailer in the Federal Republic of Ge.rma-
ny is 80 km/h [50 mile/h) on both
freeways and ordinary main roads. This is
also the maximum speed limit recommen-
ded for your BMW with trailer. Note that
other countries may impose different
speed limits.
 I railer towing 61

Driving hints for trailer towing Your driving speed should be matched to
traffic, weather and road conditions, Ne-
~~~;s~u;~uw~~:~e:~:;c1s~hapta~~i~~~:;~~~~ ver disregard these factors on account of

•
, , ," supposed ur9'1ncy, It is vital to start a long
and concentration when towing a trailer.,." /, journey 'in""il',eiaxed, rested mental and
Long Journeys shouldbe carefully planned'\'h 'al dt All I th b k
and prepared for, allo lenty of time1l p YSIC cnn I lon" ow eng, Y rea s
b f d d' th I ' rf": In the Journey and Include sufficient time
e ore an urlng e ur~~, for unforeseen holdups or traffic Jams,
Remember that .even qUite as d trader Experienced drivers of trailer outfits know
makes the car distinctly less maneuvera- the truth of the old saying 'More haste,
ble,puts up the overall weight and IS more I d'
difficult to control, particularly on steep ess spee ,
downhill gradients, Sensitivity to side The design and construction of your BMW
winds and the suction effect created automobile take into account every possi-
when overtaking or being overtaken by ble factor likely to contribute to trouble-
large trucks are more severe, and must free trader towing, Remember, though,
always be allowed for. that these built-in reserves of engine
, , power, torque, handling and braking
Never tackle a lengthy Journey with a new should not be wasted by driving too hard
trader unless you have practised driVing 'th t d d tt t
the outfit for some distance previously, or WI ou ue care an a en Ion
You must familiarize yourself with the
way the outfit responds to brake applica-
tions, to its cornering ability, the effects of
side winds, the reduced acceleration and
the problems of maneuvering in confined
spaces, Practise estimating the outfit's
overall length and positioning 'it with the
aid of the outside mirrors,
Before the journey starts, have the car and
trailer checked over for serviceability, and
get your local service station to put right
any minor defects which are discovered,
 68
What to do, if ...
•
If something happens that you can deal
with yourself, proceed as follows if no
service shop is available.
Tire trouble is a 'rare thing these days. If
you are unlucky and have a flat, pull in at
the side of the road and apply the hand-
brake. Do not forget to switch on the
hazard warning flashers and set up a
warning triangle or flashing signal lamp at
a sufficient distance behind the car, if this
is required by local law.
The spare wheel, jack and wheel brace
are housed in the luggage compartment,
under the floor panel. This is retained by a
screw. Pull it up to remove.
The wing nut which secures the spare
wheel can then be unscrewed.
Press off the hub cap with the wheel
brace. Loosen but do not remove the
wheel studs.
The hub cap can also be pressed out after
removing the wheel, using a hammer
handle or similar tool from the back.
Important (BMW 323i): place the wheel
chock behind the opposite rear wheel to
prevent the car from rolling back when it
is raised on the jack.
This precaution is made necessary by the
design of the handbrake.
Attach the jack (only to one of the fbur
jacking points provided) and raise the
-affected wheel clear of the grou!ld.
Unscrew the wheel studs and change the
wheel. Insert the centering pin in one of
• the four threaded holes in the hub.. Rest
the wheelan it, insert a wheel stud, then
remove the centering pin. Replace the
remaining wheels studs and screw up
uniformly.
 ......... - - _,!;r'''''''''',.........- -..- ••&l
. . . . . . . .,l1li4
''',,"",~------------------------------
Lower the car from the jack, tighten the
wheel studs finally in a crosswise pattern
(first one stud, then another on the opposi-
•
te side of the hub) and have the tightening
torques checked at the earliest opportuni-
ty. Have wheel stud tightness checked
every 15 000 km (10 000 miles) during a
BMW inspection each time a wheel has
been fitted. Check tightening torque after
1000 km (600 miles) when a new rim has
been fitted for the first time (e, g. on spare
wheel).
Offer up the hub cap and press on with the
palm of the hand,
Have the flat tire repaired and rebalanced
as soon as possible,
Minor defects 69
Tire repairs should always be entrusted to The toolkit is in a tray under the luggage
a BMW service station or a specialist tire compartment lid, which swings down
dealer capable of examining the tire to when the retaining screw is undone.
determine the full extent of possibly con-
cealed damage.
Important: when removing or renewing
tubeless tires, the rubber valve must also
be renewed as a safety precaution.
If your car is equipped with pressed-steel
wheels, note when you buy new BMW-
approved tires that they should have a
green 'match point' (measuring point for
tire balancing.)
To ensure vibration-free operation the tire
should be fitted on the wheel with the tire
match point in line with the rim match
point, stamped below the flange (measu-
ring point for rim run-out). The wheels
should then be rebalanced.
 l ..........· _. . . . .-
70 Minor defe..cts
If the starter does not operate when the
ignition key is turned to position '3':
•
Check by switching on .the headlights,
then attempting to operate the starter
again.
,. If the headlights slowly go dim, the
battery is flat or has a fault. Have it
charged or renewed. Push or tow start
the car (manual gearbox) or connect
the flat battery to the battery (, 2
Volts) in another vehicle with jumper
leads as described in 'Starting with a
Flat Battery'.
Note that automatic transmission
carscannot be push ortow started. For
towing away, see page 60. There are
towing eyes at the right and left of the
font axle beam.
. .- . . .JIIQ
When tbw-starting the car, select third
gear, switch on the ignition and keep the
clutch pedal down. Release the clutch
pedal smoothly when the car is moving at
a steady pace.
2. If the lights go out suddenly, examine
the cable connections at the battery
and starter for signs of poor contact,
and tighten firmly.
3. If the lights remain at the same intensi-
ty, consult your BMW service station
(there is a fault in the starter).
If the engine will not start although the
starter is operating correctly:
Assuming that you have followed the
correct starting procedure and there is
sufficient fuel in the tank, failure to start
must indicate a fault in the ignition system
or in the fuel supply.
,. Check that all plug leads are correctly
attached to the spark plugs and the
high-tension leads to the coil, distribu-
tor and plug caps are all making good
contact. Water entering the engine
compartment when the car was
washed could have caused a short
circuit in the ignition system.
2. Remove, clean and dry off the spark
plugs and check their electrode gaps.
3. To check that each spark plug is
operating correctly remove it in turn
and without detaching the lead lay the
plug on a bare metal area of the engine
block. When the engine is turned over
with the starter, sparks should be seen
jumping the electrode gap.
If no sparks are seen, attach another plug
to the same lead and repeat the test. If
sparks are still not produced, the fault
should be looked for in the ignition distri-
butor.
BMW 316, 320
4. Check fuel supply by detaching the
supply line at the carburetor and tur-
ning the engine over with the starter. If
no fuel emerges, check back along the
fuel line and examine the, fuel pump. If
fuel does emerge, unscrew and clean
the carburetor jets. However, it is
better to entrust this work to a BMW
service station if possible.
11 BMW 318 i, 323 i
5. Check fuel delivery with ignition swit-
ched on and contact plugs detached.
Pressure should build up in the supply
line to the fuel distributor and can be
detected by squeezing the fuel line. It
should become noticeably harder to
compress.
Ifthis is not the case, check back to the
fuel delivery pump above the right rear
axle halfshaft, the main fuel filter and
the mesh strainer in the fuel suction
head at the fuel tank, or obtain the
assistance of a BMW service station.
The fuel injection circuit does not need
to be bled if the tank runs dry, as it is
self-priming by way of the fuel delivery
pump whenever the starter is opera-
ted.
 • • 3'" C C
as
If coolant temperature is too high:
1. Allow the engine to cool down until the
•
thermometer needle is midway in the
normal-temperature lone. Carefully
open the cooling system filler cap and
check coolant level.
Never add water if the cooling sys-
tem is still hot and coolant has been
lost; allow the engine to cool down first
until a hand can be placed on the
engine block.
2. If coolant is lost, examine the filler cap,
all hoses and hose clips and the radia-
tor for signs of leakage.
3. Check condition of V-belt and either
retension or renew if necessary.
4. Check ignition timing.
5. If necessary, have the cooling system
cleaned out by a BMW service station.
- Minor defects
Faults in brake system
If the red brake lining wear telltale lamp
lights up when braking, the disc brake
pads should be renewed. If the lamp
remains on after starting or during the
journey, the disc brake pads are worn to
their limit and must be renewed immedia-
tely.
Warning: when renewing brake pads,
only BMW-approved brake pads should
be used otherwise the General Opera-
ting Permit or equivalent may be invali-
dated.
If the red brake warning lamp comes on
while the car is being driven, and the
handbrake is released, it indicates a loss of
brake fluid; if at the same time brake pedal
travel increases considerably, one circuit
of the hydraulic safety brake system has
failed.
We recommend you to refer all faults in
the brake system without delay to a BMW
service workshop for examination and
repair.
If one circuit of the dual-circuit brake
system should fail, pedal travel will
immediately increase. Increased pedal
effort will be needed to obtain the equiva-
lent braking effect. Although the car can
still be braked satisfactorily with only one
circuit in operation, a BMW service
workshop should nonetheless be consul-
ted immediately.•
71
A spreader spring in each brake caliper
increases the brake pedal effort required
when the minimum brake pad thickness
is reached.
If the red oil pressure warning lamp
comes on while driving, declutch or select
neutral immediately and switch off the
ignition. If the engine oil level appears to .
be correct, consult a BMW service station.
If Hie warning lamp comes on briefly at
idle speed this need cause no alarm
provided that it is extinguished when the
ac.celerator is pressed down.
If the red battery charge telltale lamp
com es on during a journey, take the car to
aj3MW service station as soon as possible
or else the battery will gradually go flat.
BMW Emergency ServicelTravel Ser-
vice
If you have trouble with your vehicle at the
weekend or on vacation, you can obtain
assistance from the BMW Emergency
Service. You will find your nearest BMW
service station in the 'BMW Emergency
Service' list. Information can also be
obtained from the BMW factory's round-
the-clock central information service, Ger-
man telephone number
089/38954343.
In addition, the BMW Travel Service is
available on 089 /389531 79.
 ,
72 -Power stei:!ring, towing, starting with a flat battery
Possible faults in the power steering
(optional)
•
Steering stiff to turn towards right and
left lock:
Too little oil in system. Check level (see
'CARE AND MAINTENANCE') and if nec-
essary inspect the power steering circuit
for leaks or damage.
Slack V-belt. Adjust to correctJension. If
V-belt is damaged, renew it (see 'CARE
AND MAINTENANCE')
Steering becomes stiff if wheel turned
too fast:
Slack or damaged V-belt. Adjust tension
or renew belt (see 'CARE AND MAINTE-
NANCE').
Unusual noises:
Too little oil in system. Add oil and check
power steering circuit for leaks.
Oil filter blocked with dirt. Renew.
If these remedies do not effect a lasting
cure, always consult a BMW service
station.
Tow starts - BMW Automatic models
The design of the automatic transmission
makes it impossible to start the engine by
push ing or towing the car. If the battery is
flat, use jumper leads from another vehicle
as described below.
Towing Towing facilities
If vehicle has to be towed away, turn Towing eyes are situated at the left and
ignition key to position ". so that the right of the front axle bea m (see pictu re on
brake and turn indicator lights are on and page 70) and below the rear bumper.
the horn and wipers can be used. Use only nylon towropes or straps which
Towing - BMW Automatic models are sufficiently resilient to protect both
If the car has to be towed. the selector vehicles against sudden jerking. Steel wire
lever must be at 'N' = neutral. cables or towbars are not suitable.
Towing speed should not exceed 50 c1f you wish to assist another driver by
km/h (30 mile/h), and the towing distan- towing his vehicle with your BMW, make
ce should be limited to 40 - 50 km (25- quite sure that the broken-down vehicle's
30 miles). To tow an automatic transmis- weight does not exceed that of your own
sion car more than 50 km (30 miles!. add car.
1 liter (1.05 US quart, '.8 Imp.pints) of
ATF to the contents of the transmission,
or remove the propeller shaft. After the car •
has been repaired, do not forget to reduce
the fluid level in the transmission to
normal.
Starting with a flat battery
Connect the car's battery to another 12
Volt battery as follows: first connect the
positive (+) posts of the batteries, then
connect the negative H post on the flat
battery to the negative post of the second
battery.
Warning: Avoid allowing the battery leads
to come into contact with any part of
either vehicle unless insulated at that
point, or sparking and short circuits will
result. After starting the car's engine.
disconflect the jumper leads in the reverse
sequence to that described above. Have
the flat battery charged or examined for
possible damage.
 -
----~~---------~ .~-------------
VV Iper blades, wiper arms I J

To remove a wiper blade, swing the arm The complete wiper arm can be pulled off
away from the windshield. Press the by swinging up the plastic cap and un-

•
retaining spring and pull the blade away screwing the retaining nut (13 mm
from the arm. wrench).
 Trouble-shooting chart

•
Cause see page

Starter does not operate Battery is flat, battery post clamps loose, selector lever not
in 'N' or 'P' position 70
Starter runs but engine does not start No fuel in tank, no spark at plugs (loose leads),
enginge flooded (mixture too rich) 70
Engine starts but immediately stalls Vacuum hoses loose, leaking; fuel injection leads' loose 70
Uneven idling Idle settings incorrect, misfiring, ignition timing
incorrect 100-107
Oil pressure warning lamp comes on Engine oil level too low, oil leak; check oil filter 71
•
Coolant thermometer reading too high Coolant level too low, loose or damaged V-belt 71
Battery charge telltale lamp comes on Loose or damaged V-belt, !oqse leads at alternator
or regu lator 71
Brake lining wear indicator comes on Disk brake pads have reached wear limit 71
Brake warning lamp comes on Brake fluid level too low, handbrake not released"
clutch hydraulic circuit leaking 71
Power steering stiff to tu rn Oil level too low, V-belt slack or damaged 72
Warning: transistorized coil ingnition
This is a high-performance ignition system, and thus any contact with
live components when the engine is running is highly dangerous.

•
, ~ u"es, DUID cnanglng, InternatiOnal symoOls I b

If any electrical equipment on your car Never replace blown fuses with wire or International symbols-
should fail, first check the fuses. attempt to repair them in any way (risk of BMW 316-323 i

• The fuse box (power distribution box) fireLlf the fuse blows repeatedly, have the
cause traced and put right by a specialist
with spare fuses and relays is located on
the left wheel arch inside the engine
workshop. , t::3 I Charge warning lamp I
compartment and is protected against
moisture. It is accessible when the engine
When changing bulbs or performing any II ee:r. Oil pressure warning lamp I
other minor jobs on the electrical system, 1

compartment is open. The transparent

cover is marked with details of the items
of electrical equipment connected to
each fuse, and its rating in Amperes.
A blown fuse can be identified by the
melted strip inside the transparent plastic
cap. Pull the blown fuse out of its spring
clips, trace and rectify the cause of the
failure, then insert a new fuse of the
correct rating.
avoid short circuits by leaving the item
concerned switched off and disconnec- I ::t i Overheating warning lamp
ting the negative lead at the battery
(ground or earth lead)
~ i Hazard warning flashers ~
Do not hold new bulbs between the (@) Brake warning lamp
fingers or grease will be deposited on the
glass; use only a clean cloth, paper hand- '(8) I-
kerchief or similar.
I '0'I !I Brake
I lining wear indicator II
When replacing headlight bulbs, make
sure that the beam alignment screws are i"~ ~ I Turn indicator rep~~--~
not disturbed.
.h.J=I.' I Fuel level warning lamp
For use in an emergency we recommend , ~u I ------j

carrying a BMW spares pack in the car. I ~D I High beam telltale

Your BMW authorized dealer will gladly
provide details. i 0:$ I Bear fog light

I ~D I Fog lights
I 8B ' Blower

I '\SJ) I Windshield wipers/washer

l b I Cigar lighter
 cas
76 Bulb changing

Instrument cluster: Push button switches for heated rear BMW 316; 318 i

•
Lighting: 3 glass-base bulbs, window and hazard warning flashers:
High and low beam headlights, side/-
W 12, V 1, 1.2 Watt. Unscrew the push-button knob and pull parking lights:
Telltale lamps in the instrumen't cluster: out the glass-base bulb.
To gain access to headlamps, open the
Pull out defective bulb with holder. 1 bulb per switch, W 12 V, 1.2 Watt.
engine compartment lid and remove the
lighting of heating controls, inscriptions plastic cover protecting the rear of the
Battery charge: 1 glass-base bulb,
and symbols: headlight. Pull off the contact plate after
W 12 V, 0.3 Watt.
Glass base bulbs in the switches and with disconnecting the spring clips. The 55/50
Oil pressure: 1 glass-base bulb, prismatic lenses. Watt H4 halogen bulb is also retained by
W 12 V, 1.2 Watt spring clips When inserting the bulb, note
Ashtray light: the recess formed in the reflector to
Turn indicators: 1 glass-base bulb,
Remove holder. simplify fitting.
W 12 V, 1.2 Watt
1 W 12 V, 1.2 W valve-base bulb.
The side/parking bulbs (4 W indicator
Headlight main beam: 1 glass-base bulb,
Glove box light: type) are held in the reflector by a spring
W 12 V, 1.2 Watt
Turn the defective bulb, at the same time and can be withdrawn without difficulty
Fog light telltale: 1 glass-base bulb, pressing in slightly, and remove from the ~ by pulling rearwards.
W 12 V, 1.2 Watt switch.
Brake lining wear indicator: 1 glass-base 1 12 V, 4 W bulb.
bulb,
W 12 V, 1.2 Watt
Brake circuit:
W 12 V, 1.2 Watt
1 glass-base bulb,
Fuel level: 1 glass base bulb,
W 12 V, 3.0 Watt

•
 BMW 320, 323 i
•
The dipped beams, together with side/
parking lights, are in the two outer
headlights.
Open the engine compartment: pull the
plastic cap away from the back of the
headlight unit. Turn the cover to remove.
The H 1 55 Watt halogen bulb is retained
in the reflector by a spring wire clip. Turn
back the clip and pull out the bulb to the
rear. When inserting the new bulb, note
the cutout in the reflector.
•
To change a side or parking light bulb -
4 Watt (HL) indicator-type - pull the
holder and the bulb out of the reflector and
remove the bulb while pressing in slightly.
After changing the bulb' and replacing the
cover, connect the cables as follows:
Earth (ground) lead - round pin plug at
side.
Low (dipped) beam - flat pin at top.
Parking/side light - flat pin at bottom.
The main beam headlights - the inner
unit - come on in addition to the dipped
beams.
To change the bulbs, open the engine
compartment; pull the plastic cap away
from the back of the headlight unit. Turn
the cover to remove.
The H 1 55 Watt halogen bulb is retained
in the reflector by a spring clip, which
should be swung back so that the bulb can
be withdrawn to the rear. When replacing,
note the position of the cutout in the
reflector.
As correct headlight adjustment is of
particular importance in view of traffic
safety, the headlights should whenever
possible be adjusted by a specialist
workshop using the proper beam-setting
equipment. If this is not possible, open the
engine compartment and reset the head-
li~ht beam by turning the two knurled
plastic knobs as required. Center picture
- BMW 316, 318 i; right - BMW 320,
3-23 i
1 = Vertical adjustment
2 = Horizontal adjustment
 ...... L<'U l...ltUII~lllld

Front turn indicators: Rear lights: License plate lights:

•
Remove the two Philips head screws and
take off the plastic lens. Press in the R L 21
Watt spherical bulb slightly and turn it to
remove.
Open the luggage compartment, unscrew Remove the two Phillips head screws and
both screw caps and detach the luggage take off the lens frame with rubber seal.
compartment rear panel trim. After un- The contact blades for the 5 Watt (L)
screwing the knurled retaining nut (spark festoon type bulb must make good spring
plug wrench). lift off the lens assembly. contact and the metal surfaces must be
Remove the failed bulb from its holder and clean If necessary. clean and bend in the
insert a new bulb. contact blades.
Turn indicator = 21 Watt RL spherical
bulb.
Rear, side and parking light - 10 Watt G
spherical bulb.
Rear fog light -: 2 1 Watt RL spherical bulb.
Brake light - 21 Watt RL spherical bulb.
Reversing (backup) light - 21 Watt RL ~
spherical bulb .

•
 OUIU cn"llyllly I ~

Interior light: luggage compartment light:

•
After pulling out the interior light assem- Remove the two Phillips head screws,
blY,the 10 Watt festoon type bulb beco- take off the plastic lens and replace the 10
mes accessible. Watt (L) festoon type bulb.

!!

•
 .82 Cleaning and care
Care and maintenance
•
Your brand-new BMW is a splendid sight.
Whether it stays that way, perhaps even
for many years, will depend on you and the
care you are prepared to take.
Road dust and dirt, the airborne deposits
encountered in industrial areas such as fly
ash, lime and soot, but even tar stains,
dead insects, bird droppings and the
stains left when the car is parked under
trees all contain various chemicals which,
if allowed to remain on for a long time, can
damage the paintwork in the form of
patches, blisters, corrosion, flaking paint-
work and similar. The car should therefore
be washed as often as convenient.
Damage to the paintwork caused by flying
stones should be cleaned off or touched in
to prevent rust patches.
In the same way~ overflowing fuel, oil,
grease or brake fluid can discolor or
damage the paint finish and should be
cleaned off immediately.
•
Frequent washing with clean water will
help to harden new paintwork.
Washing the car should be postponed
while the engine compartment lid is still
hot or if the car has stood exposed to
bright sunlight for some time already, This
precaution will avoid patches forming.
Clean the car's interior with a hand brush
or a vacuum cleaner.
Moisten dirt on the paintwork with a finely
dispersed jet of water, then rinse off.
Do not direct the water spray into the air
entry grilles and outlets of the heating and
ventilation system,
After spraying down, wash the upper part , Warning: Brake efficiency is impaired by
of the body with a sponge, washleather
glove or similar, using an abundant supply
of no more than luke-warm water, and!
starting with the roof. Rinse out the
sponge frequently,
Wash the lower part of the body and the·
wheels last of all, if possible keeping a
'separate sponge just for these areas.
After washing down, 'rinse the car down
again thoroughly with the hose and lea-
ther dry with a clean chamois leather to
prevent discolored patches where the
water was not removed,
If washing with clean water is not suffi-
cient, a brand-name car shampoo can be
used in the concentration recommended
by is manufacturer. Rinse down after-
wards with a generous flow of water.
Remember that too frequent use of po-
werful car shampoo or similar products
will remove fats from the paintwork and
make it brittle, This effect can be comba-
ted by applying a reputable paint preser-
vative,
If the car is put through an automatic car
wash. try to choose one without excessi-
ve brush pressure and with an ample flow
of water for rinsing,
Most of the more recent car washes fulfil
these requirements,
Particularly during the cold season of the
year you should try to ensure that the car
is washed more frequently, since heavy
.' dirt deposits are more difficult than usual
to remove and will also damage the paint
surface.
dampness after a car wash, Dry off the
linings by applying the brakes briefly.
It is quite easy to decide when the car
needs polish or preservative treatment:
the water no longer forms round droplets
and rolls off the surface.
Please use only reputable car care pro-
ducts and keep to the manufacturers'
instructions.
Minor paint damage can be touched in
with either a BMW paint spray aerosol or
a BMW paintwork repair stick, which is
used like a brush. The correct paint color
designation is on an adhesive label close
to the maker's plate.

Corrosion-proofing: your car has body
cavity and additional one-season under-
•
sealing as standard treatment.
No more than 14 months and again 36
months after its initial registration, the
car's body cavities and the undersealing
should be treated again in order to main-
tain the car's full value.
For further details, please consult the
documents included locally with the car's
registration and other papers. Your BMW
service station is familiar with the factory-
approved products and bodyseal treat-
ment procedures.
When undersealing or treating body cavi-
ties in the vicinity of the disc brakes, these
must be most carefully protected. No
sealing material must reach the wheel
brake cylinder pistons or the discs.
Spraying with substances having an oil
base cannot provide lasting portection
against rust, and indeed may damage
rubber components on the underside of
the car and cause the existing underseal to
flake off.
Chromium plated and polished metal
parts should be cleaned with water or a
soap and water solution.
Mirrors should not be cleaned with clea-
ning agents such as polishing paste which
contain quartz, but only with water or a
soap and water solution.
•
,",el,t: UI <:d', LU"U~IUII ~lUu'IfIY 0,)
Tar stains should be removed without The floor mats can be removed to ease
delay using a com mercially available tar cleaning of the interior. Lift them and
stain remover, never with a knife blade or carefully detach their Velcro fasteners
other sharp object. from the carpet. After cleaning, place the
mats in position and press them againts
Rubber components should only be trea-
the Velcro fasteners on the carpet.
ted with water or with glycerin.
The car radio antenna must be cleaned
To clean the insides of the windows we
regularly for good reception and protected
recommend a 1 : 1 mixture of water and
against corrosion with an antenna grease.
vinegar.
Your BMW service station can supply you
Clean the wiper blades with soapy water. with a specially impregnated BMW anten-
The wiper blades should be renewed na cloth for this purpose.
twice a year, before and after the cold
Tlolis treatment is essential for automatic
season.
antennas.
Fabrics and plastic finishes should be
The playback head on cassette/radio
sprayed with a commercial foam cleaner
u'nits should be cleaned about every 100
and afterwards brushed off, plastic fini-
playing hours with a stick of cotton wool
shes should be rubbed with a sponge. dipped in methylated spirits or pure alco-
Worn patches on the corduroy or velour ,hoI. You may also use a head cleaning
seats should be brushed 'against the cassette if necessary, but never use metal
grain' using a slightly damp brush. objects!
Leatherette (imitation leather) and real
leather should be wiped down with a soft,
damp cloth and dried immediately.
Seat belts should only be cleaned with a
weak soap and water solution without
removal from the car. Never attempt
chemical or dry cleaning or else the fabric
of the belts may be damaged.
Never allow automatic (inertia-lock) seat
belts to retract while they are still wet.
Clean the seat belts if they become dirty or
muddy, as dirt penetrating the reel me-
chanism could prevent them from locking
or keeping the belts taut and thus consti-
tute a safety risk .
 84 Service
You received a Service Booklet issued in
•
your name and for your car when you took
delivery. After the free pre-delivery
check, Y0L!r Btut-W dealer removes the
relevant ~~_. ., dnd confirms that the
work has been done by an entry in the
booklet. The same procedure is followed
for the first BMW inspection at 1 000 km
(600 miles). for which a charge is made.
After this work has been performed. your
BMW service station will attach an adhe-
sive label from the booklet to the door post
of your car as a reminder of when the next
Oil Service (with optional BMW Safety
Test) is due.
-
All subsequent Inspection and Service
work must be confirmed by the BMW
service station in the same way on the
relevant section in the Service Booklet.
Please ensure that no entries are forgot-
ten. They will help you in establishing any
warranty claims and are a useful record of
the fact that your car has been serviced
regularly and expertly.
We recommend having the specified
maintenance work and safety tests car-
ried out regularly by an authorized BMW
service workshop. This is the only way to,
ensure that all the work has been perfor-
med according to the very latest factory
directives. A list of BMW dealers was
supplied to you on taking delivery of your
car, so that you will have no difficulty in
locating the nearest of the many BMW
service stations wherever you may be'
when it is time for attention to your car.
In order to ensure reliability and a long.
operating life, it is good practice to have at
least two BMW Inspections a year
performed, even if the car has not covered
the full normal distance shown in the
Service Booklet

, 1st BMW Inspection
•
after 1 000 km Cappo 600 miles)
1. Change engine oil (including oil filter)
while at normal operating tempera~
ture.
2. Change oil in manual gearbox while
at normal operating temperature.
Automatic transmission: check oil
level.
3. Change oil in final drive while at
normal operating temperature.
4. Halfshafts: check flexible gaiters for
leaks.
5. Check steering box or power steering
for leaks; check oil level and add oil if
necessary.
6. Check fluid level in reservoir for
brakes and clutch operating mecha-
nism, and add oil if necessary.
7. Check cooling system hoses for leaks
and tighten hose clips.
Check coolant level and concentra-
tion, and restore to correct level if
necessary.
8. Check unions and pipes in brake
system for leaks, damage or incorrect
positioning.
9. Take up any slack at fuel pump bolts.
10. Take up any slack at the carburetor
nuts and bolts.
11. Fuel injection engines: tighten cap
nuts on the injection pipet and faste-
•
ning nuts on the intake pipes.
12. Check V-belt tension and adjust if
necessary.
13. Take up slack at nuts and bolts (note
correct tightening torques) on engi-
ne: left and right rubber mountings,
timing case cover, distributor flange,
intake air stub pipes and exhaust
manifold, oil sump. If specified by
factory: take up slack at cylinder head
bolts.
14. Check valve clearances and adjust if
necessary.
15. Take up slack at nuts and bolts (note
correct tightening torques) on: front
axle, steering, track rods, gearbox,
exhaust system, propeller shaft,
halfshafts, rear axle, brakes, wheels.
16. Check operation of foot brake and
hand brake. If equipped with rear
drum brakes, adjust brakes and
handbrake cables if necessary.
17. Check tire pressures and correct if
necessary.
18. Check front wheel toe-in and adjust if
necessary.
19. Check headlight and auxiliary driving
light beam settings and adjust if
necessary.
20. Check lighting (parking, rear, brake
and backup [reversing] lights, flas-
hing turn indicators, rear fog light,
license plate, interior, glove box, engi-
ne and luggage compartment lights).
21. Check horn, headlight flasher and
hazard warning flashers .
.,)t'l I,J , .... t' ();,)
22. Check instrument and facia inscrip-
tion lighting.
23. Check telltale and warning lamps in
instrument cluster and for Check-
Control.
24. Check fluid level and antifreeze in
windshield washer reservoir and re-
store level if necessary.
25. Check windshield wipers and wash-
er: wiper blades, spray jet positions.
26. Check headlight cleaning system.
2,7. Check heater blower.
28. Carry out engine test as specified.
Check dwell angle and adjust ignition
, timing if necessary. Check engine
idling and exhaust emissions and
adjust if necessary.
• 29. Final inspection with road-safety
check (brakes, bedding in handbrake
linings when equipped with rear disc
brakes steering, clutch or automatic
transmission). .
Note: Wheel balancing optional (charged
as a separate item).
 00 bt:ilVIl;t;

BMW Oil Service Check wipers and washer:

BMW Safety Test wiper blades, washer unit (windshield

•
with optional BMW Safety Test
~very 15000 km (10000 miles), star-
ting at 7 500 km (5000 miles).
Change engine oil and oil filter while
warm.
and headlights if fitted), fluid tank (level,
Check steering:
antifreeze content), positions of jets
steering box, linkage, flexible disc joint,
(windshield, headlights if fitted).
threaded connections, seals, oil content,
V-belt tension on power steering.
Check seat belts:
condition, locking action.
Check brakes:
brake pads (including detaching and
Check exhaust emissions:
Intalling wheels), brake discs, pipes,
engine must be at normal operating
hoses, connections, fluid level, handbra-
temperature.
ke cables and adjustment. Bedding in
handbrake linings.
,Note: Any repair and adjustment work
which proves necessary will be invoiced
Important: renew brake fluid at least once
separately.
a year.

Check tires and wheels:

condition, tire pressures, correct sizes.

Check lights:
headlights and additional driving lights
(including beam settings), parking, rear,
reversing (backup) and license plate
lights, Instrument and inscription light-
Ing, telltale and warning lamps.

Check signalling equipment

horns, flashing turn indicators, hazard
warning flashers, brake lights, headlight
flasher, rear fog guard light.

•

• BMW Inspection
•
Every 15000 km (10000 miles). star-
ting at 1 5 000 km (10 000 miles) spee-
dometer reading.
1. Renew spark plugs.
2. Change engine oil including oil filter
while at normal operating tempera-
ture.
3. Check gearbox oil level and add oil if
necessary.
4. Check final drive oil level and add oil
if necessary.
5. Halfshafts: check flexible gaiters for
leaks.
6. Check power steering for leaks;
check oil level and add oil if necessa-
ry.
7. Check cooling system hoses for
leaks. Check coolant level and con-
centration and adjust if necessary.
8. Check acid level in battery cells, and
add distilled water if necessary.
9. Check fluid level in reservoir for
brakes and clutch operating mecha-
nism and add fluid if necessary. Im-
portant: renew brake fluid at least
once a year.
10. Check V-belt tension and general
condition (renew if necessary; to be
charged as a separate item).
•
11. Oil the pivots and joints on carburetor
linkage or rotary shaft or throttle
butterfly operating linkage, or grease
the throttle butterfly lever pivot
points and the gate.
12. Tighten nuts on exhaust manifold.
Check mountings of carburetor pump
and fuel pump. Check fuel lines and
hoses for correct positioning, general
condition and freedom from leaks;
renew main fuel filter on injection
models.
13. Check valve clearance and adjust if
necessary.
14. Renew air cleaner element. Renew at
more frequent intervals in very dusty
conditions.
15. Check manual steering for freedom
from play and adjust if necessary.
Check condition of track rod and front
suspension pivots.
16. Halfshafts and propeller shaft: check
condition of joints and rubber coup-
ling.
17. Tighten nuts and bolts (note correct
tightening torques) on: steering box
mounting, brake caliper mountings,
halfshafts.
18. Check general condition, positioning,
mountings and freedom from leaka-
ge of exhaust system.
19. Remove and install front and rear
brake pads, check overall thickness,
renew pads if necessary and check
surface condition of brake discs .
Service l:l /
20. Check tire pressures and correct if
necessary. Check general condition
of tires: if wear is uneven, wheel
alignment and adjustment can 'be
carried out (charged as a separate
item) ..
21. Check brake system unions and pi-
pes for leaks, damage and incorrect
positioning. Clean handbrake linings
and drums, and check for wear.
Check free movement of handbrake
cables. Adjust foot brake and hand-
, brake.
22. Tighten hinges and catches on doors
and front and rear lids; oil or grease as
necessary. Check settings and cor-
rect operation.
,23. Check headlights and auxiliary dri-
ving lights.
24. Check lighting: parking, rear, brake
and reversing (backup) lights, flash-
ing turn indicators, rear fog, license
plate, interior, glove box, engine and
luggage compartment lights.
25. Check horn. headlight flasher and
hazard warning flashers.
26. Check instrument and facia inscrip-
tion lighting.
27. Check telltale and warning lamps in
instrument cluster.
 28. Check fluid level and antifreeze in
windshield washer reservoir and cor-
•
rect if necessary.
29. Check windshield wipers and wash-
er: wiper blades, spray jet positions.
30. Check headlight cleaning system.
31. Check heater blower.
32. Check condition and function of seat
belts.
33. Carry out engine test as specified.
Check dwell angle and adjust ignition
timing if necessary. Check engine
idling and exhaust emissions and
adjust if necessary.
34. Final inspection with road-safety
check (brakes including bedding
handbrake linings), steering, clutch or
automatic transmission, springs and·
dampers, mirrors).
Note: If required, balance road wheels (to
be charged as a separate item).
•
Every 30000 km (20 000 milesl- char-
ged as a separate item:
Change oil in manual gearbox or automa-
tic transmission and final drive while at'
normal operating temperature.
Renew oil strainer in automatic transmis-
sion.
Check clutch driving plate for wear.
Adjust headlight and auxiliary driving light
beam settings if necessary.
Clean strainer in fuel system. Clean first-
stage filter in fuel intake line or in immer-
sed level sensor.
Every 60 000 km (40 000 miles) - char-
ged as a separate item:
Power steering: check operation, renew
filter.
Front wheel bearings: check play and
adjust if necessary.
Reardisc brakes: check thickness of hand-
brake linings and renew if necessary.
Important:
Renew the coolant every two years.
Apply. fresh underseal and renew body
cavity sealing not later than 14 and then
36 months after initial registration of the
car.
 90
- - - - _ ..._---~
Saving money in the wrong place can
•
make you richer - in experience!
The high-quality design and construction
work that goes into every BMW, and the
resulting performance and efficiency, are
not offered for their own sakes. They are a
basic requirement for total mobility on the
modern overall transport scene. BMW
Service plays the important role of main-
tainingthe high quality of the product after
sale. This is a sensible concept which
prolongs and therefore further justifies the
technological effort, the designer's work
and the craftsmanship BMW have devo-
ted to the manufacture of your car.
The decision to purchase a high-class
automibile is a vote in favor of your own
safety and that of other road users too.
Protect this investment by regular and
careful inspection and maintenance, per-
formed by the people who know your
BMW best; the skilled and carefully trai-
ned personnel at your BMW service sta-
tion. Their work not only guarantees the
safety of your BMW but enhances the
already outstanding durability and lasting
value of the BMW so that it can 'eventually
be sold for a worthwhile sum.
•
No chain is stronger than its weakest BMW Automobiles
link Supreme automobile engineering for dri-
By means of continuous tests on actual vers prepared to add their own skill and
vehicles and a thorough program of simu- enlightened approach to those of our
lation research, BMW critically examines designers.
every proposed improvement to its vehic-
les with a view to ensuring that the multi-
stage BMW safety system can accom-
odate the proposed modification, and also
to study the interaction of many hundreds
of seemingly unimportant design details
in the chain of performance and behavior.
Genuine BMW parts are not automatically ,
rendered more valuable just by bearing
the BMW symbol. Instead, it is what this
symbol stands for that constitutes their •
real worth: the ability to pass rigorous and
systematic quality assurance tests so that
in an emergency each part plays its role in,
the 'chain of safety' along with all the
other design features of the car. Every part
in a BMW has to make its own contribu-
tion to the performance of the complete
vehicle. Viewed in this way, no difference
in price can possibly make up for the lack
ofthe 'Genuine BMW Part' symbol and for
failure to benefit from the organization
that can install these parts incomparably
well; the BMW Service Organization.
To sum up: unbeatable offers are a dime a
dozen. For the responsible BMW owner,
loyalty to BMW Parts and Service can pay
off - possibly sooner than he thinks!
 Oil change 91

Description of maintenance operations

•
Engine oil changes
• The engrne oil must be changed together
with the oil filter every 7 500 km (5000
miles) or at least twice a year before and
aher the cold season.
Use only good quality HD oil for gasoline
engines of API class SE or API class SF.
Before using any unconventional engine
oils (synthetic oils etc.). consult your
BMW service station to ensure that the oil
selected has been approved by the facto-
ry.
The choice of SAE grade depends on the
prevailing ambient air temperature range.
The diagram on the right shows which
SAE grades should be used for different
temperature ranges.
The maximum and minimum temperature
limits for the SAE grades may be excee-
ded for short periods of operation.
Changing engine oil: 120
Remove drain plug (17 mm wrench) on
bottom right of the sump. Replace and
tighten securely aher draining old oil.
'00
Total oil capacities
BMW 316, 318 i: 3.75 liters (4.0 US
30
quarts, 6.6 Imp. pints) plus 0.2 5 liter (0.26
US quart, 0.45 Imp. pint) if filter is also
changed.
20
BMW 320, 323 i: 4.0 liter (4.1 US quarts,
7.0 Imp. pints) plus 0.25 liter (0.26 US
quart, 0.45 Imp. pint) if filter is also
changed. ......./ltl----'O
Oil level: Fill to the upper mark on the
dipstick, never higher.

-10

!""- -20

--40 - - - - - - " " " " ' ' ' '

E 1278

•
 92 Oil (.hange, checking oil level in automatic transmission

Oil filter Change the oil in the manual gearbox Oil level: up to lower edge of filler hole

• Renew throw-away cartridge filter every
7 SOD km (S 000 miles) when the engine
oil is changed:
Unscrew filter.
Lightly oil the seal of the new filter
element. Then screw in the element until
the seal makes contact and tighten by
hand half a turn,
Check the filter for leaks with the engine
running.
only while at normal operating temperatu-
re, after 1000 km (600 miles). then every
30000 km (20000 miles).
Remove oil drain plug (17 mm Allen key),
then oil filler plug 17 mm Allen key) on the
side of the gearbox housing, This will help
the oil to drain more rapidly,
When fully drained, replace the drain plug
(screw in firmly). Both plugs have conical
threads and must not be replaced with
plugs having metric threads.
Total oil capacity:
4-speed box: 1.0 liter (1.1 US quarts, 1.8 !
Imp. pints)
S-speed box: 1.5 liters (1 ,6 US quarts, 2,7
Imp. pints).
Oil grade: Branded SAE 80 gearbox oil to
MIL-L-21 05 or API-GL 4 specification. In
an emergency, HD engine oil.
To check oil level in the automatic
transmission:
Park the car on a flat, level surface, apply
the handbrake and run the engine at
normal operating temperature with the
selector lever in the 'P' or 'N' position at
iding speed.
Remove the transmission oil dipstick,
wipe with a non-fluffy cloth, re-insert and
measure oil level. This must lie between
the two marks on the dipstick,
Change the oil in the automatic trans-
mission only when at normal operating
temperature, every 30000 km (20 000
miles):

•

Place the car on a flat, level surface and
apply the handbrake. Engage selector
•
. lever position 'P' and stop the engine.
Unscrew the oil drain plug (5 mm Allen
key) on the oil sump of the automatic
transmission, allow the oil to drain (at
least approx. 5 minutes will be needed),
then tighten the drain plug again firmly.
Add 1.5 liter (1.6 US quart, 2.6 Imp. pint)
of oil initially; run the engine at idle speed
and continue to add oil up to the upper
third of the space between the dipstick
marks.
Oil capacity app. 2.0 liters (2.1 US quarts,
3.5 Imp. pints) when changing the oil.
Total content when initially filling new or
exchange transmissions: 2.2 liters (2.3 US
quarts, 3.9 Imp. pints).
•
Oil change, half-shafts, checkin-g oil level
Always ensure that the transmission is at
its normal operating temperature when
checking oil level.
The quantity of oil represented by the
space between the two marks (when
warm) is approx. 0.4 liter (0.4 US quart,
0.7 Imp. pint).
Oil grades: see ·SPECIFICATIONS·.
Change the oil in the final drive (rear
axle) when" at normal operating tempera-
ture, at 1 000 km (600 miles), then every
30000 km (20000 miles).
Remove the oil drain plug, followed by the
oil filler plug (both 10 mm Allen screws) in
the final drive cover so that the oil drains
out more quickly. Clean the drain plug and
tighten firmly.
Total oil capacity: 0.95 liters (1 US quart,
1.7 Imp. pints) .
93
Oil level: up to lower edge of filler hole.
Check every 15000 km (10000 miles).
Oil grade: brand-name running-in and
normal duty hypoid gear oil, SAE 90 (your
BMW service station knows the factory-
approved grades).
Check the flexible gaiters on the half-
shafts for leaks and the tightness of the
retaining screws during a BMW inspec-
tion, every 15000 km (10000 miles).
The rack and pinion steering gear is
permanently packed with grease and re-
quires no routine maintenance. Check that
the flexible gaiter is not leaking.
Check oil level in hydraulic power steer-
il'lg (optional extra) whenever engine oil is
checked or routine maintenance work
carried out.
 94 Checking~I~~I.d~rib~~b:r:a:k:e~f:lu:·i:d
With the engine stopped, unscrew the
wingnut and take off the reservoir cover.
•
The oil level should be app. 5 mm (0.2 inl
above the mark on the side of the reser-
voir. Top up if necessary (for oil grades,
see 'SPECIFICATIONS'). Next, start the
engine and add more oil if required until
the level stabilizes at the mark on the
reservoir wall.
Aher the engine has been stopped, fluid
level may rise by approx. 5 mm (0.2 in)
above the level mark. Install the cover and
tighten the wing nut. Make sure that the
cover is properly seated and that there are
no leaks from the power steering circuit.
All other work, including filter renewal and
checking operation, should always be
entrusted to a BMW service station
•
The distributor of the contactless transis-
torized coil ignition system needs no
routin~ maintenance.
Warning transistorized coil ignition:
This is a high-performance ignition sys-
tem, and touching any live components
when the engine is running can be highly
dangerous.
_
The transparent reservoir for brake fluid
(and for the hydraulic clutch withdrawal
mechanism) is inside the engine com-
partment on the left, and enables the fluid
level to be checked without removing the
cap.
If the fluid level should fall below a certain
level, an electric warning device in the
reservoir will cause the red brake war-
ning lamp in the instrument cluster to
light up.
Brake fluid is hygroscopic, that is to say it
absorbs moisture from the air gradually
over a period. In order to ensure that the
safety and efficiency of your brakes re-
main unaffected, the brake fluid must be
renewed once a year by an authorized
BMW service station .

Add fluid up to the upper 'MAX' mark.
•
Your BMW service station is familiar with
the factory-approved grades of brake
fluid.
The clutch ne&ds no routine maintenan-
ce and is adjusted automatically for lining
wear by the slave cylinder.
During a BMW Inspection, clutch driving
plate wear should be checked without
removing the clutch from the car, every
30000 km (20000 milesl.
As the clutch lining wears, distance 'a' will
increase. When 'a' = 5mm (0.2 in). the
wear limit has been reached.
The clutch driving plate must then be
renewed by a BMW service station.
•
Loss of fluid from the hydraulic clutch
operating system and the penetration of
air into the circuit can lead to incomplete
clutch release and result in damage to the
gearbox.
The circuit must be checked for leaks and
bled in good time at the bleed screw
provided.
If, as a means of prolonging tire life, you
wish to have the wheels changed round,
please bear the following in mind:
Due to the design principles of the front
and rear axles and taking into accou nt
load and operating conditions, the front
tires reach their wear limit first on the
shoulders and the rear tires in the center
of the tread. The higher the stresses (load,
acceleration, lateral forces) are the more
wear will take place.
Clutch, interchanging wheels 95
Changing the wheels from front to rear on
the same side can in certain conditions
have only a negligible effect on the service
life whereas the handling and braking as
well as the roadholding may be adversely
affected.
If so desired the spare wheel can also be
put into use. In this case one must
remember that this wheel. possibly new,
must be run in and will at first not have the
same degree of adhesion. Changing the
wheels round must be done on the same
side and at short intervals (max. 5 000 km
(app. 3000 miles).
During the following period a difference in
rOjidholding and straight running (possibly
brake pulling to one side, smaller contact
surface of rear wheels on the road) must
be allowed for. .
In the interests of your safety and opti-
mum running gear conditions we recom-
mend that the wheels are not changed
round, because the increase in service life
is negligible. With non-standard wheels
and tires the wheels should definitely not
be changed round .
 96 Balancing wheels, battery, cooling system
The four road wheels may be balanced
•
statically and dynamically - on the car if
possible- at the customer's request every
7 500 km (5 000 miles).
If a routine examination of the tires for
wear reveals signs of damage, penetration
by sharp objects etc., or severely uneven
wear, we recommend that wheel align-
ment be checked without delay with the
car loaded as specified.
Every 7 500 km (5 000 miles), but at least
once a month, the electrolyte level in the
battery should be checked. Take off the
cover and unscrew the 6 cell plugs. The
electrolyte level should be about 5 mm
(0.2 in) above the upper edges of the cell
plates or at the mark visible in the cell filler
aperture, depending on battery type.
--
•
If the level is too low, add distilled water,
never acid.
Keep the upper part of the battery clean
and dry.
Warning: Never allow battery acid or lead
oxide deposits from the terminals to come
into contact with the clothing. Do not
bring a naked light close to the battery -
risk of explosion.
To remove or install the battery, slacken
or tighten the toggle screw with retaining
bar.
Apart from regular checks on coolant
level, antifreeze and corrosion inhibitor
concentration (at least 35% all the year
round) and the condItion of hoses and
hose clips, we recommend that the coo-
ling system be drained and refilled every
two years. At the same time, check that
the filler cap seals properly and that the
pressure relief and vacuum equalizing
valves are in good working order.
The cooling system including heater
circuit holds approx. 7.2 liters (7.6 US
~uarts, 12.1 Imp. pints) on the BMW 316,
318i and approx. 12 liters (12.7 US
quarts, 21.1 Imp. pints) on the BMW 320
, and 323 i.
To drain the coolant:
Loosen the hose clip on the lower radiator
# stub pipe and pull off the hose.
Warning: risk of scalding if the engine is
still warm.

Remove the hexagon bolt (19 mm
wrench) at the right-hand rear end of the
•
.engine block.
The left sliding heater control on the facia
must be set to 'WARM'.
Use only BMW-approved long life anti-
freeze and corrosion inhibitors (your
BMW service station can advise you).
•
Refilling the cooling system after drai-
ning:
Slide the left heater control to 'WAR M'
and slowly add long-life antifreeze and
corrosion inhibitor mixed with water in a
concentration of 35%. This will provide
protection against freezing at temperatu-
res down to -25 0 C (-13 0 F).
On the BMW 320 and 323 i the coolin~
system must be bled during filling. Sla-
cken the grub screw in the thermostat
housing and add coolant via the header
tank until it emerges free from air bubbles
at the bleed slot. Then retighten the grub
screw.
Seal the cooling system by screwing on
the filler cap as far as the second stop.
\-oollng sYSlem ';j I
Run the engine at approx. 2000-
2500/min until warm, then switch off.
After about 1 minute, restart the engine
and run at no less than 4000/min for 30
seconds. Next, allow the engine to idle and
check that the heater is delivering warm
air.
Allow the engine to cool down until the
coolant thermometer needle is in the
lower third of the scale. Add coolant until
not more than 2 cm ('a') below the top of
the filler pipe, then seal again by screwing
on the cap.
Adding more water will dilute the concen-
tration of the antifreeze and corrosion
in'hibitor in the system, as liquid will be lost
via the overflow.
 98 Windshield and headlight cleaning system, air cleaner
The windshield and headlight washer
•
systems can be prevented from freezing
by adding antifreeze to German Industrial
Standard DIN 51421 in accordance with
the manufacturer's instructions.
Check correct operation of the system at
regular intervals.
•
The air cleaner element in the intake air BMW 318 i, 323 i
silencer should be renewed every 15000 Release the snap fasteners, swing the
km (10 000 miles) duringa BMW inspec- cover open and pullout the air cleaner
tion, or earlier in very dusty conditions-. element.
A clogged air filter element increases fuel
consumption and prevents full engine
power from being developed
BMW 316, 320
.Release the snap fasteners, take off the
cover and remove the element.

BMW'316,320
The mesh filter in the fuel pump should
•
be cleaned every 30000 km (20 000
miles) during a BMW Inspection: unscrew
fastening bolt.
Remove the mesh filter and wash out in
clean fuel. When replacing, use only good
sealing rings.
•
Fuel filters
Every 30000 km (20000 miles), the
mesh strainers in the fuel circuit should be
cleaned and the main fue.l filter element
renewed.
On the BMW 318 i and 323 i renew main
filter every 15000 km (10000 miles).
Mesh strainer in fuel feed to carburetor
(BMW 320)
Detach the fuel pipe from the carburetor,
take out the mesh strainer and wash in
clean fuel.
Main fuel filter (BMW 318 i, 323 i)
1. Loosen the hose clips on the fuel hoses
and on the filter.
2. Pull off the hoses and renew the
complete filter.
ruel 111lt::::1~, lutn ~lIdlfltHS ::J::J
Warning: Note the correct direction of
flow through the filter (shown on label)
when installing.
Fine-mesh filter in the fuel tank immer-
sed level sensor (intake unit):
1. Take out rear seat bench and remove
cover.
2. Detach the feed and return hose clips
liInd pull the hoses away from the fuel
intake unit.
3. Turn the intake unit anticlockwise with
suitable levers (e.g. screwdrivers) to
• release the bayonet catch, then lift out.
4. Clean the fine-mesh filter.
Note: Always use a new sealing ring when
refitting. Avoid damage to the fine-mesh
filter.
 IUU ,::)lJdlK. IJIUHtt, UW~II dljYIt:~, 1\J'illlUII lllllll.~, 1.'(HI1UCI •• CUV ,::nUU';'

Check spark plug electrode gaps: Check dwell angle and Ignition timing If specified by the factory, the cylinder
every 15000 km (10000 miles) during a head studs should be tightened in the

•
Before new spark plugs are fitted, their sequence shown and to the prescribed
BMW Inspection with the BMW Service
gaps should always be checked with a torque loads during the first BMW Inspec-
Test unit or Digitial Tester:
feeler gauge, and the earth (ground) elec- tion at 1 000 km (600 miles)
trode bent if necessary to achieve the Dwell angle
prescribed gap 'a' of 0.6 + 0.1 mm BMW316-323i 21°-25°at A 4-cylinder engines
(0.024 + 0.004 in). 900/min. B = 6-cylinder engines
Renew spark plugs every 15 000 km Ignition timing
(10000 miles) during a BMW inspection. Check dynamically without vacuum ad-
Details of the correct spark plugs are given vance: -
on the final page of this handbook. BMW 316
25° BTDC at 2500/min
BMW 318 i
28° BTDC at 3500/min
BMW 320,323i ,
22° BTDC at 1 500/min
Dwell angle and ignition timing must
always be checked and adjusted by a
BMW service station with the aid of the
BMW Service Test unit or Digital Tester.
Warning: Transistorized coil ignition
This is a high-performance ignition sys-
tem, and it can be highly dangerous to
touch any live components when the
engine is running.

•
E217598

Detaching the air cleaner (BMW 316)
Remove retaining nut from air cleaner
•
cover, open the snap fasteners and take
off the cover. Unscrew the air cleaner
retaining nut, pull off the vacuum hose for
intake air preheating and the secondary
breather hose. Take off the air cleaner.
•
Detaching the air cleaner (BMW 320)
Unscrew the nut holding the air cleaner.
Pull off the hoses for intake air preheat (1),
primary (2) and secondary (3) breathing.
Take off the air cleaner.
}-III creaiH,', Valve clearances IU I
Check valve clearances and adjust if
necessary during a BMW Inspection eve-
ry 15000 km (10000 miles) with the
engine stopped and cold - coolant tem-
perature not more than 35° C (95° F) - or
in accordance with workshop instruc-
tions.
The prescribed valve clearances of 0.1 5 -
0.20 mm (0.006 - 0.008 in) for the
BMW 316 and 318 i, or 0.25 mm (0.01
in) for the BMW 320 and 323 i for both
inlet and exhaust valves should be adju-
st~d with a feeler gauge between the
valve and the rocker, in an order corres-
ponding to the engine's firing order:
BMW 316, 318 i: 1-3-4-2
BMW 320, 323 i: 1-5-3-6-2-4
Check or adjust at top dead center on the
compression stroke .
 'I UL Vaive Clearances, air cleaner, mtaKe air prenedlltllJ

BMW 316, 318 i BMW 320, 323 i Attaching the air cleaner (BMW 316)

•
TOC on the compression stroke is obtai- Top dead center on the compression Connect up secondary breather hose and
ned when the valves in the next-but-one stroke is reached when the valves of the vacuum hose for intake air preheating,
cylinder in the firing order are on the sym metrically opposite cylinder on the place air cleaner on top of carburetor and
overlap: other side of a line through the center of secure in position. Fit the air cleaner
the engine are on the overlap: element. Secure cover with snap faste-
Compression Valve
ners and retaining nut.
stroke TOC overlap Compression Valve
in cyl. in cyl. stroke TOC overlap Attaching the air cleaner (BMW 320)
in cyl. in cyl.
1 4 1 6 . Connect the secondary engine breather
3 2 5 2 (3) and mount the air cleaner on top of the
4 1 3 4 carburetor. Connect the primary breather
2 3 6 1 i (2) and intake air preheat hose (1 ). Secure
2 5 the air cleaner body with the cap nut.
4 3 The flap valve for automatic intake air
~ preheating on the BMW 316 and 320 is
To adjust valve clearances, loosen the hex
located in the intake pipe of the air cleaner
nut (10 mm wrench) on the rocker.
and is opened or closed by vacuum (BMW
Turn the eccentric with a slightly angled. 316) or an expansible element (BMW
section of 2.5 mm (0.1 inch) dia. wire until 320). Every 15000 km (10 000 miles)
the corect clearance is obtained. during a BMW Inspection the flap valve
should be checked for free movement and
Tighten the hex nut and check that valve
correct operation. and the pivots oiled if
clearance has not altered. necessary. When the flap valve is closed,
Caution: Turn BMW 320, 323 i at the air preheated by the exhaust manifold is
camshaft only after having removed the supplied to the engine. As outside tempe-
spark plugs. ratures rise, the flap valve gradually opens
and cuts off the preheated air supply:

•
 t .... , ..... , " " " ' ' ' : : ; .... " ..... • ".dfv1r".II\::::t ... IU.,)
. _ - - -----.. _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - = - - - - - - = - - - - . - - -

Check V-belt tension during a BMW Renewing V-belt

Inspection every 15000 km (10000

•
miles). The V-belt is correctly tensioned Slacken the top and bottom alternator
when it can be pressed in by 5 - 10 mm retaining bolts (13 mm wrench) and move
(0.2 - 0.4 in) with the thumb midway the .alternator as close as possible to the
between the pulley and the alternator. engine block. Place the new V-belt over
the crankshaft vibration damper, the fan
Correcting V-belt tension pulley and the alternator belt pulley, and
adjust to correct tension.
Loosen the two retaining bolts (13 mm
wrench) at the top and bottom of the
alternator, and move the alternator along
Its tensioning strap to correct V-belt ten-
sion.

•
 Adjusting the brakes (BMW 316, 318 i.
320):
•
Adjust the brakes during a BMW Inspec-
tion every 15 000 km (10 000 miles). The
disc brakes on the front wheels have
automatic compensation for wear.
Two eccentric adjusters (17 mm) are fit-
ted on each brake shield of the rear wheel
brakes. and must be turned to adjust each
of the brake shoes as desired.
When viewed from above, the left-hand
eccentric hexagon must be turned coun-
terclockwise and the right-hand eccentric
hexagon clockwise - while the wheel is
being turned forcibly - until the brake shoe
locks the brake drum. Then turn the
hexagon back about 1/8th turn until the
wheel just begins to turn without binding.
Note: when adjusting the brake shoes the Adjusting the handbrake (BMW 323 i):
handbrake must be released.
If the handbrake lever can be pulled up by
If the brake pedal becomes springy and 4 notches on its ratchet Without any
has excessive travel, the brake system braking effect resulting, it must be adju-
must be bled (see 'DRIVING HINTS, sted.
MINOR DEFECTS').
Normally speaking, handbrake adjust-
Adjusting handbrake (BMW 316,318 i, ment should always be carried out by a
320): BMW service station. In an emergency,
,however, proceed as follows:
If the handbrake can be pulled up 4
notches without any braking effect being Slacken and remove one wheel stud at
perceptible, the handbrake must be adju- each rear wheel. Jack up the car. Turn the
sted. wheel stud hole until it is 10° clockwise of
, vertical at each side. In this position the
The handbrake should normally only be adjusting nut will be visible through the
adjusted by a BMW Service Station. In wheel stud hole.
exceptional cases, however, proceed as •
follows: .
Adjusting handbrake (only after adjusting
the brake shoes):
Push back rubber sleeve protecting the
handbrake lever, slacken the locknut (10
mm) on each adjusting screw, pull the
handbrake up 4 notches, tighten the
adjusting nut (10 mm) while holding the
adjusting screw with pliers to prevent it
from turning and check that the rear
wheels can still be turned easily by hand.
Then check that the rear wheels rotate
freely with the handbrake fully released.
 Insert 'a screwdriver and engage in the After this, the handbrake cables must be
teeth of the adjusting nut. adjusted. Pull up the rubber gaiter on the

•
handbrake. Slacken the locknut (10m m
Turn the adjusting nut with the screwdri-
wrench) on each adjusting screw, apply
ver until the handbrake shoes are pressed
the handbrake lever by 4 notches of its
against the drums and the brake discs
ratchet and take up the slack at the
cannot be turned. Then back off each
adjusting nut (10 mm wrench), holding
adjusting nut by 4 - 6 teeth or serrations.
the screw with pliers to prevent it from
Screwdriver moved down '" hand brake turning. Check that both rear wheels can
applied. just be turned by hand but are not unduly
stiff. Tighten the locknuts again.
Screwdriver moved up", handbrake relea-
sed Finally, check that the rear wheels turn
perfectly freely when the handbrake lever
Repeat the procedure on the other rear
is released.
wheel.

•
 106 Carburetor

BMW 316 7 Automatic choke

8 Air bypass screw

•
Zenith 2 B 4 two-stage downdraft 9 Throttle butterfly positioner
carburetor 10 Throttle valve adjusting screw
1 Heat-sensitive air slide 11 Stage 2 vacuum diaphragm
2 Throughflow valve 12 Idling mixture control screw
3 Pulldown The Zenith 2 B 4 caburetor has a combi-
4 Fuel feed ned automatic choke system with electric
5 Idle speed shutoff and coolant heating of the bimetallic
6 Heat-sensitive bypass starting system spring. It is maintenance-free.

9 12 1
6 7 8 ~ 2180110

•
E2180111
 L.arourelOr lUI

BMW 320 11 Idle speed shutoff valve Adjustment work on carburetor or fuel
So/ex 4A 1 duplex tv/in-choke carbure- 12 Throttle stop screw injection system

•
tor 13 Throttle butterfly damper
All equipment is adjusted on the test
1 Ca rbu retor cover 14 Stage 1 throttle lever
bench to meet the exhaust emission
2 Throttle butterfly 15 Stage 2 throttle lever
standard imposed by the Type II ECE R 15
3 Choke butterfly 16 Throttle butterfly section
test or other relevant standards, and lead
4 Heat-sensitive bypass starting The Solex 4A 1 carburetor is a duplex seals attached to prevent unauthorized
system twin-choke instrument with 2 first-stage tampering with the settings thus obtai-
5 Fuel feed barrelsof 32 mm (1.26 in) diameter and 2 ned.
6 Damper valve second-stage barrels of 44 mm (1.73 in)
7 Ca rbu retor body Any adjustment work which is subse-
diameter. It is equipped with cold starting
8 Pulldown quently necessary is to be carried out only
and warm-up systems using a combined
9 Automatic choke mechanism by a BMW service station, which posses-
automatic choke (electrically and coolant
10 Accelerator pump lever Sfls all the essential measuring apparatus,
heated), a thermostatically controlled by-
the latest factory adjustment data and
pass starting system and a vacuum speed
servicing instructions.
r!lgulator. Both carburetor and automatic
choke need no routine maintenance.

1 2 3 4 5 12 13
 108 Air conditioning
Maintenance of air
• conditioning
Every 15000 km (10 000 miles). check
compressor V-belt tension. The V-belt is
correctly tensioned when it can be pres-
sed up by 12- 15 mm (0.5 - 0.6 in) with
the finger at a point midway between the
compressor and crankshaft pulleys.
Adjusting V-belt tension
Loosen the three mounting bolts (17 mm
wrench) and move the compressor bodily
along the upper tensioning strap until V-
belt tension is correct.
Take up slack at compressor mounting
bolts every 15 000 km (10 000 miles).
-
•
Checking oil level
Whenever working on a drained air condi-
tioning refrigeration system, check the oil
level. When the compressor is full it is
pressurized and the level cannot then be
checked.
Use only suitable oils designed for refrige-
rating equipment, e.g.
Suniso 5
BP Energol LPT 100
Shell Clavus 129
Texaco Capella E.
Note in particular that all maintenance
and repair work must be carried out only
by suitable workshops.
You will find the addresses of the BMW
service stations dealing with air conditio-
ning at the end of your 'BMW SERVICE.
EUROPE' list.
Safety precautions
The air conditioning cooling circuit must
be filled only with a safe refrigerant
(Frigen 12). Although this substance is
non-toxic and non-flammable at normal
temperatures, and does not form an ex-
plosive mixture with air in any concentra-
tion, certain safety precautions are none
the less essential. Note in particular the
'following points:
Avoid touching the liquid refrigerant, or
• frostbite symptoms will develop. Pro-
tect the eyes in particular by wearing
goggles. If an accident occurs, obtain
11 medical attention without delay.
Frigen is heavier than air, and so should
not be drained off in an enclosed space.
There is a risk of suffocation, particularly
in inspection pits.
Never perform any welding work on a
charged air conditioning system or close
to it, or pressure may build up on
account of the heat thus developed and
lead to an explosion (the same precau-
tion applies to any sealed vessel). Fur-
thermore. Frigen decomposes at high
temperature or when exposed to a fla-
me, and the chemicals then produced
constitute a health risk.
 11 Z Specifications

Specifications

• ENGINE
Type .
4-cylinder (BMW 316, 3'8 i) or 6-cylin-
der (BMW 320, 323 i) four stroke inline
water-cooled, with overhead camshaft
(OHCl. inclined valves and combustion
Engine - BMW 320

chambers adapted to suit mixture supply

system.

Position
Over front axle, inclined at 30 0 to vertical,
(20 0 on BMW 320, 323 i) with three-
point location: front mounting close to
center of gravity, with two rubber moun-
tings attached direct to the front axle
beam. Rear of engine flange mounted to
gearbox, with single rubber mounting on
gearbox cross-member.

Cylinder block
Special grey cast-iron.

Cylinder head
Light alloy, with shrunk-in valve seats and
guides.

Crankshaft
Forged, heat-treated steel (cast on BMW
320, 323 i); 4 counterweights, 5 three-
layer main bearings (BMW 316, 318 j) or
12 counterweights and 7 three-layer

•
main bearings. All main bearings with 2 oil E 21 77 201
supply dnllways.
 Connecting rods and pistons
Forged steel connecting rods with repla-

•
ceable three-component bearings. Pis- Engine - BMW 323i
tons with raised flat crown and chromium
plated spheroida'l cast-iron uppper rings.
Valves
Overhead; inclined in inverted V arrange-
ment. Exhaust valve armored, with stem
hard chromium plated. Valve clearance
adjustment by means of eccentrics in
rockers.
Valve gear
Light alloy rockers with chill-cast pads and
overhead camshaft. Camshah drive by
roller chain with automatic oil-damped
tensioner and recoil protection (toothed
belt with tensioning pulley on BMW 320.
323 D.
Valve clearances
BMW 316, 318 i
Inlet and exhaust: 0.15 - 0.20 mm
(0.006 - 0.008 in).
BMW 320, 323 i
Inlet and exhaust: 0.25 mm (0.010 in)
with engine stationary and cold (max.
coolant temperature 35 0 C (95 0 F).
Lubrication
Pressurized oil circuit with full-flow filter
and pressure regulating valve in filtered oil
circuit. Rotor-type oil pump (Eaton sys-
tem) chain-driven from crankshah or
gear-type pump driven by worm from an
intermediate shah via an extension of the
distributor shaft (BMW 320, 323 i). E 21 77 202
f!lressed steel oil sump.

•
 1 14. ::>pecltlcatlolls

Oil consumption BMW 318 i. 323 i

•
max. 0.1 5 liter per 100 km Electrical fuel delivery pump with expan-
(app. 220-250 miles per pint) sion vessel. Delivery rate 120 liters (26.4
Imp., 31.6 US gal/h).
Oil filter
System pressure 4.7 bar (66.8 Ib/in 2 )
Full-flow, with throw-away cartridge type
filter and pressure relief valve opening at Fuel filters
2.5 ± 0.3 bar (35.6 ± 4.2 Ib/in 2 ). BMW 316. 320
Engine breathing Fine-mesh filters in both fuel pump and
pick-up tube in tank; on BMW 320, also in
Crankcase and valve chest connected,
feed line to carburetor.
and ducted to intake side of engine.
BMW 318 i. 323 i
Air cleaner
Full-flow filter with throw-away cartridge
One filter element in the intake air silen- type filter in feed line. One fine-mesh filter
cer. in the tank pick-up unit. ,
Intake airflow
BMW 316. 320
Through flap for automatic intake air pre-
heat opened and closed by vacuum (BMW
316) or expanding element.
BMW 318 i. 323 i
Through intake air silencer. air flow meter.
throttle butterfly manifolds, air collector
and six intake air pipes with injectors.
Fuel supply
BMW 316. 320
Mechanical fuel pump. pressure 0.22 bar
(3.13 Ib/in 2 ) at 4000/min.

•
 ~lJt:::a. . 'II\.....dllUII:;' 110

BMW 316 BMW 318 i

•
Displacement, fiscal 1754 cm 3 (107.0 in 3 ) 1754 cm 3 (107.0 in 3 )
effective 1766 cm 3 (108.8 in 3 ) 1766 cm 3 (1088 in 3 )

Maximum output (DIN 70020) 66 kW (90 bhp) 77 kW (105 bhp)

at engine speed 5500/min 5800/min
Max. torque 140 Nm (103.2 Ib.fl) 145 Nm (106.8 Ib.fl)
at engine speed 4000/min 4500/min
Output per liter 37.4 kW 43.6 kW
(51.0 bhp) (59.5 bhp)

Max. permissible engine speed 6400/min 6400/min

Max. continuous engine speed 6000/min 6000/min

Compression ratio 9.5 10
.f
Stroke/bore (ratio) 71/89 mm 71/89 mm

Mean piston speed 13.7 m/s (2697 fl/min) 13.7 m/s (2697 fl/min)
at engine speed 5800/min 5800/min

Power/weight ratio
Car ready for road, with full tank kg/kW' kg/kW'
(bhp/ton) (bhp/ton)
All seats occupied, with luggage kg/kW' kg/kW'
(bhp/ton) (bhp/ton)

Fuel consumption 6.8 liters/1 00 km' 7.1 liters/100 km'

at 90 km/h (56 mile/h) (34.5 US mile/gal) (33.1 US mile/gal)
(41.4 Imp. mile/gal) (39.7 Imp. mile/gal)
Fuel consumption 9.3 Iiters/1 00 km' 9.1 liters/100 km'
at 120 km/h (75 mile/h) (25.3 US mile/gal) (25.8 US mile/gal)
(30.3 Imp. mile/gal) (31.0 Imp. mile/gal)
Fuel consumption 11.0 liters/1 00 km' 10.4 liters/100 km'
during town driving (21.3 US mile/gal) (22.6 US mile/gal)
(25.6 Imp. mile/gal) (27.1 Imp. mile/gal)

Not available at time of going to press

•
 I I0 ~l-JtH.,IIICdllUllb

BMW 320 BMW 323 i

•
Displacement, fiscal 1977 cm 3 (120.6 in 3) 2291 cm 3 (139.8 in 3 )
effective 1990 cm 3 (121.4 ,"3) 2315 cm 3 (141.3 in 3 )

Maximum output (DIN 70020) 90 kW (122 bhp) 105 kW (143 bhp)

at engine speed 6000/min 5800/min

Max. torque 160 Nm (117.9 Ib.tt) 190 Nm (140.1 Ib.ft)

at engine speed 4000/min 4500/min

Output per liter 45.2 kW 45.4 kW

(61.5 bhp) (61.7 bhp)

Max. permissible engine speed 6400/min 6400/min

Max. continuous engine speed 6000/min 6000/min

Compression ratio 9.2 9.5

.f
Stroke/bore (ratio) 66/80 mm 76.8/80 mm

Mean piston speed 13.2 m/s (2598 ft/min) 15.4 m/s (3031 ft/min)
at engine speed 6000/min 5800/min)

Power/weight ratio
Car ready for road, with full tank 12.4 kg/kW 10.8 kg/kW
(9.1 kg/HPJ (7.9 kg/HPJ
All seats occupied, with luggage 17.2 kg/kW 14.9 kg/kW
(12.7 kg/HPJ (11.0 kg/HPJ

Fuel consumption 7.5 liters/l00 km 7.8 liters/l00 km

at 90 km/h (56 mile/h) (31.4 US mile/gal) (30.2 US mile/gal)
(37.7 Imp. mile/gal) (36.1 Imp. mile/gal)
Fuel consumption 10.1 liters/l00 km 10.2 Iiters/ 100 km
at 120 km/h (75 mile/h) (23.3 US mile/gal) (23.0 US mile/gal)
(28.0 Imp. mile/gal) (27.6 Imp. mile/gal)
Fuel consumption 13.0 liters/l 00 km 12.9 liters/l00 km
in town driving (18.1 US mile/gal) (18.2 US mile/gal)
(21.7 imp. mile/gal) (21.8 Imp. mile/gal)

•
 ::'peCl1lcatlons 117

Engine output and torque

• HP

170

150
kW

120

- B M W 316
I I
I
I
HP

170

150
kW

120

-BMW318i , 100-1',
i

,,
I
100 I-- 100 I--
130 - - - BMW 320 130 ' - - - BMW323i
, I
.., I I ..,
r
,
,"
Ql Ql
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.e-'"
0'"
110 80
I I
I
i i I ~f' i " i '"
P" .e-'" 110 80
'"
P"
I I I
' ¥ I B '"
0 ",.. ~ ~ B
Ql I i I I
I I'" I II I II Ql Ql ! I I,' ~ Ql
I
r
I
C C C C

l/i
,
'0, 90 I, I !, I I -' I i '0, '0, 90 I '0,
c I ,]~ ! ~I c c i .'i C
UJ

70
60
I
I
!
I
I
I
II II
, VI ~.
!
I
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,
I
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70
60
I
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, VI I
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i ,,"/ , V' I I mkp Nm

40
I I i
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i i I
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mkp
19
Nm
190 40 I
,
! I, ~
... 19 190
50
, I. ~
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18 180
50
.. '"IJ'" V
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18
17
180
170
I
17 170 ....
.v
-
ii' ~

30
20
,'l! ' .... - I
16
15
160
150
30
20 ,, /
16
15
160
150

"
'/ ..... I
100...1
14
13
140
130
{/
.. " ..... 14
13
140
130
10 i....o"" "'- 10
"
I I
I
12 120 12 120
11 110 11 110
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Engine speed/min Engine speed/min

E 21 76203 E 21 76204

•
 1 18 Specifications

Road speed - engine speed

• 200

180
Standard 4-speed gearbox

4-
I I
BMW 316
BMW 3181
!
I
I : Iii
:Til
,i
I

II
I

I
I
!

1
I
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I
I

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)/
200
Standard 4-speed gearbox

f-I
I!
i
I !

I_BMW320
1t~1---BMW32;il
i

I I-L I
i i
I
I
11
/! / I
I Ii
/
/

:'
I
i I
I
I I 1
, ill, 180 I' i ! i ' I
,
! I
1 I
I
1
! I
'/ 1 160 I 1 I; I : I /, /
160
/
8 I ---L I If!
I ! i : 1 i I 1 I i) /
I i / ~ l-J I (4--.-_..//
~

: 8±
1 !
1
/ 140
"
E I ,I
1 1
140 ! 1

E I i 1
1/ i !/ I, ~
//
/
::
"0 120
, I i
;
, a; 120 1 I
1 VI //1
---+'---'----c-'--+''-;/+//-+-JL-A--t-__+_-1
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Cll
a. 1 I VI / J_ ~ "~~~~---li~;[ -1;'1'-/',yj----'--o---+---i
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/11 , :/1 ! i ! /1' /1 "yi :
60
!i
'I:
I 1
/ I V I I
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I

40
i 1
VVi I ,
--r I

I/VI Y I I~ 1 i

20
;VVf I ~ 1
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i~ i I I i I I li~' I i 1111

~ .....-r- I I I 1
IL.YI I I ! Iii! I
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

•
Engine speed/min £ 2180 205.1 Engine speed/min £ 21 80205.2
 Road speed - engine speed

•
Optional 'economy' gearbox Optional 'economy' gearbox

I /
I I 111'
200 200
V'
180 +l i
i
BMW 316
BMW 3181
r--+-'~-----'-I-~-'-----
!! I
!
I
•
i

!I ,! !
l-i
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i i
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V 180

160
! i II ; I i, Ii ;,,.L,"7 i 160
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,
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---+----+-,.
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:2 ! ' i/i i / ~
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,w
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al 120
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til 100
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~ 100
0
c:: , I, J;f' A I i i 1/ 0
c::
80
I! I / Y , T , '/
80

60
: i Y/i Xi Y 60
I !/I/i,/I
IV Y .vi ' I i ~r" i
40
! I/V ,~ y: 40

20
'Ni/!~! I I
20
1/"! I
iL,..~ I I 1 I !
1000 2000 3000 4000 SOOO 6000 1000 2000 3000 4000 SOOO 6000 w

•
Engine speed/min E 21 80205.3 Engine speed/min E 21 8020S,4
 Road speed - engine speed

• 200

180
Optional 'sports' gearbox

~
i

I I
!
I
i
I
!
BMW 318; i
i 1/
200

180
Optional 'sports' gearbox

r-:--+
1

Iii
I

f.-.+---+--.J--
H'--SMW 320
. 1--- SMW323,
I

I
i:
i
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l, -......L........L-+---+--'----+--C-/'-r+-I
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I I ! I c---' Iii iT 'V,'7l

160
i i
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160 c--7!---+-t--1
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140
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140 ,i I i / / , /'i'7 /
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0
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Y / iA I I ~ 801--+--+--+--+--,'-;Ij---;///"Y-;;[/ £..: I ~
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60 I I I1A IV i V
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20
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[L- V'I ltv I
1000 200P 3000 4000 5000 6000 • 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

•
Engine speed/min E 21 80205.5 Engine speed/min E 21 80205.8
 ~peclTlcallons IL I
------------_._-_._---

Fuel consumption at steady speeds in 4th or 5th gears Fuel consumption at steady speeds in 4th or 5th gears

•
- - - - , . _ - .- ,
I i I
20
I
1
I I i !
i i
i , I I : ,/,.'
BMW 316 - Consumption curve not available at 18 ,
time of going to press 16
BMW 320 i i----l ,,
I ~
+--1
! i ~I
I
1. I I
i
! ! I
i I~I
12
10
I
i i I~ I I I I
, , ~ i I I !

...
i 1
8 1

i
i
I I i , I
6
i ! i II ,I i I
I , i I I I
i ! I !
60 80 laO 120 140 160 180 200

Fuel consumption at steady speeds in 4th or 5th gears Fuel consumption at steady speeds in 4th or 5th gears

20
i !
I I .
BMW 318 i-Consumption curve not available at 18
i i I I V/
time of going to press 16
! BMW 3231 i ! i i i //'
! I
14
i i i 'Q
i ! I i [......-:::: ~
12
i ~?
10 ,, I k:::: ~ 'I

i ! I !
~:,
]
]
I I I I 1 1
I
I
I

I i I
i I
60 80 100 120 140. 160 180 200

• Standard gearbox

•
•• 'Economy' gearbox
 ILL ::'peclTlcatlons
BMW 318 i, 323 i-fuel injection
system
• Your BMW is equipped with 'K-Jetronic'
continuous-acting mechanical fuel injec-
tion. This system measures the volume of
air drawn into the engine and injects the
correct proportion of fuel to form the
combustion mixture. The fuel and air
combine in the intake tracts to make up
this mixture. The fuel is injected just ahead
of the inlet valves under pressure, and is
thus finely atomised. The normal four-
stroke combustion cycle then takes place
in the cylinder as usual.
1. Fuel delivery
Fuel is drawn from the tank by an electric
fuel delivery pump, and delivered to the
fuel flow distributor by way of a reservoir
and a fuel filter in the pressure line. A
system pressure regulator in the fuel flow
distributor maintains line pressure at ap-
prox. 4.7 bar above atmospheric pressure,
and returns excess fuel to the tank. In this
way, fuel free from vapor bubbles is
always available at the injectors.
From the fuel flow distributor the fuel
passes through the injector lines to the
injectors. The starting valve is linked to the
fuel flow distributor by a hose.
If the tank runs dry, the system does not
need to be bled, but the starter motor
must be run uninterruptedly (max. approx.
20 seconds) until the engine starts.
2. Cold starting and warming up
For cold starting, the engine requires af
much richer mixture than usual. The pro-
portions of fuel and air are controlled by
. pipes, before passing into the cylinder of
the warming-up regulator and an additio-
nal air slide valve which have the effect of
increasing the amount of fuel injected.
In addition, an electromagnetic starting
valve operated by a temperature/time
switch enriches the mixture still further for
actual starting, during a period of time
dependent on engine temperature.
3. Injectors
Each injector opens at a pressure of 3.3
bar above atmospheric presure, and in-
jects fuel into the inlet tract.
4. Intake air supply
Intake air for combustion is drawn in via a
large-capacity air cleaner and silencer, the
airflow meter, the throttle butterfly stub
pipe. the air collector box and the intake air
the engine.
 -
K·Jetronic system
BMW 318 i, 323 i

•
, Fuel tank
2 Fuel delivery pump
3 Fuel reservoir
4 Fuel filter
5 Fuel flow distributor
6 System pressure regulator
7 Warming-up regulator
8 Airflow meter
9 Baffle plate
,0 Throttle butterfly
" Idle adjusting screw
,2 Additional air slide valve
,3 Electric starting valve
,4 Temperature/time switch
,5 Injectors
,
124 Specifications
ZF 3 HP 22 automatic transmission
•
The ZF automatic transmission consists
of a 3-speed planetary gearbox mounted
behind a torque converter. Starting off
from a standstill is performed by the
torque converter which acts as a fluid
coupling and a torque multiplier (conver-
ter range), Once the transmission input
speed approaches that of the engine, the
torque converter operates purely as a fluid
coupling and transmits engine torque
directly, without any multiplication, to the
transmission's input shaft (coupling ran-
gel.
A mechanical planetary gearbox with
three forward gears and one reverse gear
is arranged behind the converter and is
•
operative in all gears. Gear shifts are
effected by hydraulically operated multip-
le disc clutches which are not subject to
wear and require no adjustment.
Gear shifts are performed via two free-
wheels without any interruption in drive
torque. A low loss oil pump is situated at
the front end of the transmission and
supplies oil to the converter, automatic
control unit, gear shift mechanism and for
lubrication. The output shaft of the plane-
tary gear set has external teeth in which a
pawl can engage to stop the car rolling
away (park position).
The automatic control unit with selector
valve, control piston and pressure valves
is accommodated in the base of the
transmission housing. Gear shift points
are dependent on a combination of road
speed and throttle position. A centrifugal
governor on the output shaft gives the
necessary impulses according to road
speed. The whole system operates hy-
draulically.
Gears are changed automatically at preset
points depending on the driving range
selected.
If sudden acceleration and maximum en-
,gine power is required, the accelerator
pedal can be pressed down fully beyond
the pressure point (kick-down), Provided
the car is travelling below a certain road
, speed, the transmission then changes to a
lower gear and only changes up again at a
speed much higher than usual.
 .... ,.... ........ , ........ ~, ..... , ....

ZF 3 H P 22 automatic transmission

•
1 - Flywheel with starter ring
gear
2 - Torque converter
3 - Oil pump
4 - Multiple disc clutches
3 4
5 - Planetary gear set
6 - Centrifugal governor
7 - Throttle cable
8 - Selector lever shah
9 - Automatic control unit
10 Speedometer drive

E 23 80211.2

•
 ',,-U ...,If-/C\..o'(I\..oQ ltUII"

~,:

i
c~
;-J,:;

ZF 3 HP 22 automatic transmission
Power flow diagrams

• 1st gear (1)

Clutch 3 is applied. The planet carrier
drives through freewheel 10 during acce-
leration, which is by-passed on overrun. 1
~ I

•
I

2nd gear (2)

Nl
Clutch 3 and brakes 5 and 6 are applied.
'~
Freewheel 10 is overriden. The ring gear
2
l1]Ip~
(annulus) and sun wheel are locked.

3rd gear (0)

Nl
Clutches 3 and 4 as well as brake 6 are
.~
applied. Freewheels 10 and 11 are
D
11J+~
overriden. The whole planetary gear set
rotates as a bloc.k to produce a drive ratio
of 1:1.

Nl
Reverse (R) ~.

R
tlH~
Clutch 4 and brake 7 are applied. The
direction of rotation of the output shaft is
reversed via the locked planet carrier.
The bold lines show the power flow in the E 23 80 211.3

•
individual gears.
 Carburetors BMW 316 BMW 320

•
Type 1 Zenith 2 84 1 Solex 4A 1
two stage downdraft duplex two-stage

Carburetor settings Stage I Stage II Stage I Stage II

Air venturi 34 34 20 44

Intake pipe diameter 32 44

Main jet 97,5

Air correction jet 90

Electromagnetic idle
shutoff valve No. PE 20 273/2.5
"

Idle jet 42.5

Float needle valve 2.5

Thickness of float needle

valve gasket mm (in)

Weight of float g (oz) 6.8 ± 0,35

(0.24 ± 0.012)

Pump injection volume (cm 3 / stroke) O.q ± 0.15

Jet needle 85

• Figures not available at the time of going to press

•
 oJ~C''-' Iii\..0 llLlII~ i L::::J

COOLING SYSTEM CLUTCH PROPELLER SHAFT

Single dry plate with diaphragm spring Two-piece, centered at front end by joint

•
and hydraulic withdrawal mechanism: disc in guide journal, needle roller bearing
Radiator type torsional vibration damper fitted. Automa- universal joints at rear and center; resilient
BMW 316. 3Hi i tic adjustment of clearance. Automatic center bearing mounting,
Gilled tube; Automatic models with addi- transmission; fluid coupling with torque
converter. FINAL DRIVE
tional transmission oil cooler in lower
coolant box of radiator. Pressure and Klingelnberg or Gleason type hypoid bevel
vacuum relief valves in filler cap. GEARBOX gearing with taper roller bearings.
a) Manual gearbox
BMW 320. 323 i Finai drive ratio
Four-speed gearbox (five-speed sports
Cross flow gilled tube radiator with sepa- Pinion/ No.
gearbox optional extra on BMW 318 i, crown of
rate header tank; Automatic models with 320. 323 i), or five-speed 'economy' wheel teeth
additional transmission oil cooler in right gearbox (optional extra). Borg-Warner
coolant box of radiator. Pressure and synchromesh on all forward ratios; 1 8MW 316, 318 i 3.91 : 1 43 : 11
vacuum relief valves in header tank filler reverse ratio. 8MW 320 3.64 : 1 40 : 11
cap. 8t<1w 323 i 3.45 : 1 38 : 11
b) Automatic transmission
Opening pressure ZF 3 HP-22 Optional: ZF disc-type limited-slip diffe-
of cap valves: rential (Lok-O-Matic), app. 25% locking
Gear ratios
Pressure relief: action.
Gear 4- 5-speed 5-speed Automatic
+0.15bar speed
1.0 _ 0.10 bar sports 'economy' trans- Rear axle drive
mission
Left and right double universal joint hatf-
(142 ~ t~ Ib/in 2 ) 1st 3.764 3.764 3.682 2.478 shafts with maintenance-free homokine-
Vacuum: max. 0.1 bar (1.4 Ib/in 2 ) 2nd 2.043 2.325 2.002 1.478 tic universal joints,
3rd 1320 1.612 1.330 1.000
Fan - BMW 320, 323 i 4th 1.000 1.229 1.000
9-bladed. with Holset system viscous fan 5th 1.000 0.805
coupling; auxiliary electric fan when air Rev. 4,096 4.096 3.682 2.090
conditioning (optional) is installed. Torque converter ratio
Coolant thermostat BMW 316 A, 318 i A, 320 A 1-236:1
Thermostatic control of engine coolant in BMW 323 i A 1-2.06:1
output flow to engine coolant in output
flow to engine with automatic equaliza-
tion of engine load and outside tempera-
oue variations (BMW system).

•
Opens: 80 ± 1.5°C(176 ± app.3°F)
 I.:jV ::>peclTlcations

SUSPENSION

•
Front suspension
Front suspension
Independent, with lower wishbones and
spring struts with double-acting telesco-
pic hydraulic dam pers; offset castor angl e
and lateral force equalization.
High-mounted coil springs off-center in
relation to strut axes, with rubber auxiliary
springs. Total travel at wheel 192 mm
(7.6 in). Torsion-bar stabilizer (anti-roll
bar) in maintenance-free rubber bushings.
Toe in" 1 5 + 1.0 mm
. -0.5 mm
(0 .06 + 0.04. )
_ 0.02 In

equivalent to

Camber angle" 00 ± 30'

0
Castor angle" 8 20' ± 3D'
Kingpin inclination" 100 54' ± 30'
Toe-out on turns"
at 20 0 inside
wheel lock 00 45' ± 30'
Max. wheel lock"
Inner wheel
Outer wheel

In normal load position: car with full tank and 2 )( E2176212

68 kg (2 x 150 Ibl on front seats. 1 x 68 kg (1 x
150lbl on rear seats and 21 kg 146 Ib! in luggage

•
compartment.
 ::>pecltlcatlons 1::1 1

Rear suspension
Independent. with semi-trailing arms and

•
maintenance-free rubber bushings. Box Rear suspension
section semi-trailing arms and final drive
bolted to bodyshell at three points through
rubber mountings. Asymmetric rear rub-
ber mounting acting as selfaligning sup-
port.
Spring/damper struts with double-acting
telescopic hydraulic dampers, coil springs
and rubber auxiliary springs; total wheel
travel 220 mm (B.7 in). BMW 320. 323 i:
anti-roll bar with maintenance-free rubber
bushings.

Toe in" 2 ± 0.8 mm

(0.08 ± 0.03 in)
equivalent to 0019'±7'

Camber angle" 2° ± 30' negative

tn normal load position: car with full tank and 2 x

68 kg (2 x 150 Ib) on front seats, 1 x 68 kg 11 x E2176213
150 Ibl on rear seats and 21 kg (46 Ib) in luggage

•
compartment.
 _ ~,' • "4:.
1JL SpecifIcations

Steering Protect valves with screw-on dust caps. Winter tires: BMW 320, 323 i

•
ZF rack and pinion, with flexible rubber Dirt entering the valve may cause a slow 165 SR 13 winter-tread tires may only be
mountings. leak. installed on 5' /2 J x 13 H 2 rims.
Overall ratio: 21.1 : 1 Winter tires: BMW 316, 318 i BMW fine-link snow chains may be
Steering damper: BMW 320, 323 i Same sizes as summer tires for rims used on the drive wheels only (with 5 or
specified. 5' /2 J x 13 H 2 wheels)
Hydraulic single tube damper
Steering column
Safety steering colum n with divided shaft,
2 universal joints and 1 rubber disc joint.
Power steering
Optional The following BMW wheels and tire dim~nsions have been officially approved:
Four-spoke steering wheel Radial ply Pressed steel Offset Light alloy Offset
380 mm (15 in) dia. tires rims rims
I

Track rods: left and right BMW316,318i

165 SR/HR 13 5 Jx13H2 29m m 1114in) 5 Jx13H2' 29mm(1.14in)

5 1 /2 J x 13 H 2· 18 mm (0.71 in) 5'/2Jx13H2' 18 mm (0.71 in)

185/70 SR/HR 13 5'/2Jx13H2' 18 mm (0.71 in) 5' /2 J x 13 H 2' 18 mm (0.71 in)

6 Jx13H2' 13 mm (0.51 in}

BMW 320, 323 i .

165 SR 13 M + S 5' /2 J x 13 H 2 18 mm (0.71 in) 5 1/2Jx13H2' 18 mm (0.71 in)

Wheels and tires
Important: When renewing or removing 185/70 HRIVR 13 5' /2 J x 13 H 2 18 mm (0.71 in) 5' /2 J x 13 H 2' 18 mm (0.71 in)
6 Jx13H2' 13 mm (0.51 in)
tubeless tires, always renew the rubber
valve (43GS/11.5DIN 7780) at the • Optional (factory-fitted) or accessory item.
same time as a safety precaution. Note that subsequent fitting may necessitate an official entry in the car's registration documents.

•
 power steering (optional)
•
Today's traffic often calls for vehicles to
be positioned accurately in lanes or par-
ked In confined spaces, particularly in our
city centers. The driver has to turn the
steering wheel almost from one full-lock
position to the other, often two or three
times in succession, at very slow speeds.
Furthermore, sudden hazards can occur
on the roads which demand an immediate
change of direction at high speed in order
to avoid a collision. If one front wheel
should then stray on to a soft shoulder,
high lateral forces will suddenly confront
the driver.
With power steering, the driver in both
cases senses only the need for very slight
extra effort, since the force he exerts at the
steering wheel rim is automatically boo-
sted by the hydraulic power assistance.
The hydraulic power support is effective
independent of speed i.e. at high speeds
and when the steering force is low, the
power assitance goes down, so that the
driver feels he has more control and better
road grip. When more steering effort is
needed at a high speed, the full power
assistance then becomes available.
Power assistance thus not only makes
driving effortless but also makes a major
cont,ibution towards road safety.
Ifthis BMW is your first car equipped with
power steering, please remember that it
takes a little time to grow accustomed to
the light action of the steering under
•
no'tmal driving conditions.
Construction:
The ZF rack and pinion steering box
contains control valves, actuating rams
and also a complete mechanical steering
gear assembly. Oil pressure for the power
assistance is supplied by a ZF vane-type
high pressure pump driven by V-belt from
the engine. The oil reservoir and oil filter
are attached to the pump.
The design of the steering gear means
that in the event of a hydraulic failure, or
when the car's engine cannot be run and
the car has to be towed away, full manual
control is provided, although the steering
then naturally calls for considerably more
effort at the wheel rim.
Check oil level in the power steering
reservoir during all engine oil level
checks and maintenance work (See 'CA-
RE AND MAINTENANCE'). Only the oils
listed on page 149 must be used for initial
filling or refilling of the power steering
circuit, together with restoring level (un-
der 1/4 liter).
Every 60 000 km (40 000 miles). the
filter element should be renewed and
subjected to a detailed operational check.
This work, and all other attention which
the power steering system requires,
should always be entrusted to a BMW
service station.
Disc-type limited-slip differential
(special equipment)
In very unfavorable driving conditions the
conventional form of differential may be
unable to transmit torque to the road
wheels without one of them slipping. The
limited-slip differential largely prevents
this undesirable wheel slip.
The locking action is produced by lined
discs and is dependent on the load exer-
ted. The differential gear shafts, thrust
rings and symmetrically located inner
plaftls tend to move apart and brake the
wheel generating the greater accelerative
force.
Thtl friction between the discs then comes
increasingly into effect and hinders or
entirely inhibits wheelspin on that side of
t~e -car.
A major advantage of the limited slip
differential is that it comes into action
automatically when needed, and does not
need to be operated by the driver, who
may well be fully occupied with traffic
problems when wheelslip sets in.
Sports suspension rates
(Optional on BMW 316, 31 B i and 320)
For the enthusiastic owner the suspension
can be set up harder so that vehicle can be
driven in a forceful style.
The modifications include the anti-roll
bars, the shock absorbers and possibly the
springs, and are individually matched to
your car.
 134 .Specifications

BRAKES

•
Diagram of hydraulic
Foot brake
dual-circuit brake system
(dual-circuit system)
-BMW 316, 318 i, 320
Hydraulic, acting on all 4 wheels, with
booster servo. Tandem master cylinder,
20.64 mm (0.8125 in) diameter. Trans-
parent fluid reservoir in engine compart-
ment, brake system warning light in in-
strument cluster.
Front
Two piston fixed caliper disc brakes with __--i
.. I
automatic pad wear compensation and
lining wear detector on left pads. ••
I
Disc diameter 255 mm (10.04 in) •I
Pi.stan diameter 48 mm ( 1.99 in)
BMW 323 i-ventilated front discs. :•
•
Rear
••
BMW 316, 318 i, 320
Drum brakes with self-centering shoes.
~ . . J..---......
Brake drum 250 mm (9.34 in)
diameter
Cylinder diameter 19.05 mm (0.75 in)
Lining width 40 mm (1.57 in)
BMW 323 i
Floating caliper disc brakes with automa-
tic pad wear compensation and lining
wear detector on right pads.
Disc diameter' 258 mm (10.16.in)
Piston diameter 33 mm ( 1'.3 in)
Handbrake
BMW 316, 318 i, 320
Operates mechanically on rear wheels.
Adjust at handbrake lever after lifting E2176214

•
rubber sleeve. Cable to each rear wheel
adjustable separately.
 Overall stopping distance related to road speed and retardation
Handbrake
200

•
BMW 323 i
Duo-Servo drums on rear wheels, opera- 190 I / io'
./
ted mechanically. Adjustment nuts on
brake shoes and under rubber gaiter of
180 / ./
handbrake lever. Separate adjustment for 170 / ./
each cable to rear wheels.
Brake drum diameter 160 mm (6.30 in) 160 / /'
5
V /
V
Brake lining width 25 mm (0,98 in)
Brake force limiter (for rear axle): cut-in
150 '----
,,7/
pressure 25 ± 2 bar (356 ± 28 Ib/in 2 ). 140 "" / ~y
~

~~Y- :Y
Stopping distances 130
The stopping distance is made up of the
120 '1
;.~
distance covered during the approx. 1
second reaction time (at 100 km/h [62
110 I / \~
-~
mile/h] about 28 meters (92 feet), the If

time needed for the brakes to act and the 100 J / /

actual braking distance.
90 I / V ..;~
The best possible brakes can only attain
an efficiency corresponding to the availa- 80 // V- ..;
ble friction between tires and road surfa-
ce. As the graph shows, the maximum 70 I/ /'
possible retardation of a vehicle travelling
on an icy surface is only in the region of 60 /V V
./
1.5 m/sec 2 (4.9 ft per sec 2 ).
This implies that your car's speed is 50
1/ /
reduced by only 1.5 m (4.9 ft) per second; 40 II /
in other words, every second the speed
drops by only 5.4 km/h (3.375 mile/h). 30
rtf /
If you had, for example, been travelling at
54 km/h (34 mile/h) it would therefore 20
V/
take you 10 seconds to stop. As the graph
shows, you would cover almost 100 10
meters (330 ttl in that time. The lowest o
curve (1.5 m/sec 2 ) shows you your bra- 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
king distance related to road speed under

•
the conditions just described. Overall stopping distance (m) including 1 sec. reaction time (s) E 21 75215
 I.:SO ::.peclTlcatlons

In contrast, the uppermost curve (8

•
m/sec 2 ) refers to the shortest braking
distances generally obtainable in ideal
conditions. Heating system
The middle curve (4.5 m/sec 2 ) applies to
a damp road not entirely devoid of grip for
the tyres, and thus represents an average
set of values for normal-strength braking
during everyday driving on dry roads as
well.
All the values on the graph can vary for
better or worse depending on the state of
your brakes, tire condition and the road
surface itself.
The braking distance quoted include a
proportion'S' covered during one se-
cond's reaction time on the part of the
driver.
Most effective braking takes place not
with locked wheels, but when the wheels
are still just turning.
Locking the wheels can be dangerous, as
locked front wheels can no longer be
steered, and locked rear wheels cause the
car to slide sideways or spin.

BODYWORK
Load-bearing all-steel bodyshell welded
W Warm air

to floor section to form a torsion-resistant

complete unit.
Safety occupant compartment with built-
in roll bar. Impact absorbing front and rear
body sections.
E 2180216

•
Two doors and engine compar1ment lid
hinged at front.
 ~pecltlcatlOns l::l /

Windows
Toughened glass (windshield: laminated).

•
Special equipment: tinted heat-insulating
glass. Ventilation system
luggage 'compartment:
Capacity 460 liters (16.2 ft 3 ) - absolute
404 liters 114.3 ft3) - German
VDA method
Fuel tank:
Capacity 58 liters (12.8 Imp. gal., 15.3 US
gaLl.
Heating and ventilation:
Fresh-air heating system with heater con-
trolled by water valve and four-flow,
three-speed radial blower (160 W). 270 0
cam form valve or 1500 tap valve, and
circular tube matrix with baffle plates.
Simple .and accurate temperature selec-
tion by slide operated Bowden cable with
check lever (for fresh air supply). by two
rotary controls (air distribution, tempera-
ture). and by a blower switch.
Max. heater output: 9.5 kW /h (31000
btul. Independently of the warm air supp-
ly, fresh air can be supplied as desired to
the right or to the left of the car's interior
through variable-direction grilles in the
sides and center of the instrum ental panel. • Fresh air
This ensures stratified interior temperatu-
re for fatigue-free driving.
The air supply emerges through 2 footwell
outlets, 2 defroster nozzles, 1 central
nozzle, 2 side window nozzles, 2 central
and 2 side grilles.
Stale air extraction through slots below E21S0217
the rear window leading to ducts in the

•
rear roof pillars.
 Air conditioning (special equipment on

•
BMw 318 i, 320, 323 i)
Your BMW can be fully air conditioned by
a unit integrated into the standard heating
and ventilation system. This enables the
car's interior to be either raised or lowered
in temperature.
The air conditioning operates by the same
principle as a domestic refrigerator. The
refrigerant (Frigen 12) is raised to a high
pressure in the compressor and then
passed in gas form to the condenser,
which is located in front of the car's
radiator. The air drawn in by cooling fan
and ram air which enters when the car is
moving cools the Frigen vapor, which thus
liquefies again. The liquid refrigerant then
flows to the evaporator, passing through
the dehumidifier flask on the way. This
absorbs any traces of moisture which it
still contains. In the evaporator the refrige-
rant is released through an expansion
valve and vaporized again. The heat nee-
ded for this change of state is taken from
the airflow round the unit, which is produ-
ced by the blower. The gaseous refrige-
rant is then drawn into the compressor
again and recompressed to start the
circuit a second time.
1 Compressor with magnetic clutch
The compressor is equipped with an 2 Charging valve
electromagnetic clutch which cuts in or
out as required. It is controlled by a 3 Condenser
thermostat switch on the evaporator. 4 Dehumidifier flask
5 Evaporator with blower
The electric auxiliary fan starts automati-
cally when the compressor cuts in or E 3 76 225

•
when refrigerant temperature reaches a
certain upper limit.
 :::ipeclt,catlOns 139

Evaporator housing Dehumidifier

The air conditioning evaporator is integra-
ted into the heating system. The air drawn
in for cooling is supplied by the blower and
cooled by the evaporator. The air is then
delivered to the car's interor and distribu-
ted as on cars without air conditioning.
Air recirculation: four-channel radial blo-
wer.
Airflow: 7.0 m 3 (247 ft3)jmin.
Fusing: 25 Amp (blue I fuse in fusebox.
Min. air outlet temperature 2 - 3° C (36-
37° F).
Maximum cooling rate: 5.23 kW.
Compressor
Bosch swashplate type.
No. of cylinders: 6
Running speed: 500-6 OOO/min
Displacement: 152 cm 3
Oil content: max. 0.35 kg (0,77 Ib)
Power consumption: app. 4.4 kW (6 bhp)
at max. running speed.
Steel vessel with inspection window
Content: 0,54 dm 3
Refrigerant
Grade: Frigen 12 (CF 2 CI 2 )
(difluor-dichlormethane)
Max. capacity: 900 g
V-belt (narrow-section)
12.5 x 835 mm
Electric auxiliary fan
Bosch 1 1 -blade axial fan with shroud,
diameter 282 mm (11.1 in)
Power consumption: 150 W at 13 V
Fuse: 1 x 25 Amp (blue)
Located ahead of condenser and control-
led by magnetic clutch according to coo-
lant temperature.

Electromagnetic coupling
Bosch, 127 mm (5 in) dia.

Condenser
Surface area 15.6 dm 2
Block depth: 40 mm (1.57 in)
 1 40 ~pecltlcatlons

Ignition advance centrifugal vacuum BMW 320

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

•
Advance
Centrifugal advance Begins' approx. 167. mbar
Battery: BMW 316 Ends: approx. 240 mbar
BMW 316 12 V 36 Amp/h Begins: approx. 1250/min
BMW 318 i, 320 12 V 44 Amp/h M ax. adjustment range:
Ends: approx. 5500/min 10° at crankshaft
BMW 323 i 12 V 55 Amp/h Max. adjustment range:
Ignition coil: 24° at crankshaft Retard
Begins: approx. 93 mbar
BMW 316, 318 i Bosch 0 221 119035 BMW 318 i Ends' approx. 133 mbar
BMW 320 Bosch0221122010 Begins: approx. 1ODD/min Max. adjustment range:
Distributor: Ends: approx. 3000/min 10° at crankshaft
BMW 316 Bosch 0 237 011 004 Max. adjustment range: r
BMW 318 Bosch 0237005003 15° at crankshaft BMWS:t:i.:,
BMW 320 Bosch 0237302023 Advance
BMW 320 Begins: approx. 200 mbar
BMW 323; Bosch 0237302024 Begins: approx. 1000/min Ends: approx. 320 mbar
Dwell angle: Ends: approx.3500/min Max. adjustment range:
Max. adjustment range: 14° at crankshaft
BMW 316-323 i 21 °_25° at 900/min 22° at crankshaft
Firing order: Retard
BMW 323 i Begins: approx. 240 mbar
BMW 316, 318 i 1-3-4-2 Begins: approx. 1000/mln
BMW 320, 32:il i 1-5-3-6-2-4 Ends: approx. 460 mbar
Ends: approx. 2200/min
Max. adjustment range:
Ignition timing: Max. adjustment range: 16° at crankshaft
BMW 316 25° BTDC at 2500/min 31 ° at crankshaft
BMW318i 28° BTDC at 3500/min Alternator
Vacuum advance/retard
BMW 320, 22° BTDC at 1500/min BMW 316 BMW 316
323 i Advance Bosch 0 120 4~9 645 (45 A 630 W)
Check: dynamically, with vacuum advance/re- Begins: approx. 200 mbar with built-in regulator
tard inoperative, engine running at normal Ends: approx. 300 mbar Bosch 0 192 052 004
operating temperature. Use TDC indicator on Max. adjustment range: Bosch 320
engine (BMW 6-cylinger engines) and BMW 11 ° at crankshaft Bosch 0 120489 686 (55 A 770 W)
Digital Tester. Retard with built-in regulator
Begins: approx. 360 mbar Bosch 0 192 052 004
Ends: approx 500 mbar BMW 318 i, 323 t
Max. adjustment range: Bosch 0 120489718 (65 A 910 W)
8° at crankshaft
with built-in regulator
BMW 318 i Bosch 0 192 052 004
Advance only
Begins: approx. 200 mbar
Ends: approx. 300 mbar

•
Max. adjustjTlent range:
11 ° at crankshaft
 ::'pecltlcatlons 141

Starter BMW 320, 323 i Automatic windshield washer

Main beam: 2 halogen units (inner) lens,

•
BMW316,318i Electric gear type pump with delaying
Bosch 0 001 208204 (0.85 kW) diameter 135 mm (5.3 in) and 2 low- relay for wipers, operated by wiper/wash-
beam halogen units (outer) operating to- er lever on right of steering column.
BMW 320, 323 i gether.
Bosch 0 001 311 125 (1.1 kW) Heated rear window
Spark plugs Dipped beam: 2 asymmetric-beam halo- with 14 electrodeposited heating ele-
gen units also containing the parking
Beru 145/1 4/3A or 14/8D ments; power rating 150 Watts.
(side) lights; lens diameter 135 mm (5.3
Beru W 145-175 or RS/35 in).
Bosch W 145 no
or W 8 D
Bosch W 145-175 or W7 DC Headlight cleaning equipment (optional)
Champion N 10 Y
Fog lights (optional~
Electrode gap 0.6 + 0.1 mm
(0.024 + 0.004 in) 12 Volt bulbs
Warning: See 'DRIVING HINTS, MINOR DEFECTS'
Transistorized coil ignition Fusebox
This is a high-performance ignition sys- in the engine compartment, on the left-
tem, and it is dangerous to touch any live hand wheel arch.
componentes when the engine is running.
Socket for rechargeable hand lamp
Horns
in glove box
BMW 31 6, 318 i
Cigar lighter and plug socket on facia
1 high-intensity single-tone horn behind
grille, protected against dirt and correctly Can also be used for plugging in an
positioned for maximum audibility. inspection lamp or razor with standard
plug; max. 200 Watt, 12 Volt rating.
BMW 320, 323 i
Wipers
Two intensive single tone horns installed
in favorable tone direction protected from Twin blades, with preselector lever on
dirt behind radiator grille. right of steering column for 2 speeds,
intermittent action or automatic wash/
Headlights wipe.
BMW 31 6, 318 i
Asymmetric dipped beam, halogen bulbs,
including parking lights, diameter 170

•
mm (6.7 in).
 I "'tL ':'lJt=U"IL.OlIUII~

Dimensions BMW316 BMW 318 i BMW 320 BMW 323i

length 171.5 In (4355 mm)

•
Width 63.4 in (1610 mm)
Height (unladen) 54.3 In (1380 mm)
Wheelbase 100.9 in (2563 mm)

Ground clearance (laden) 5.7 in ( 145 mm)

Front overhang 30,7 in ( 781 mm)
Rear overhang 39.8in(1011 mm)
Front track (at perm, axle load) 53.8 in (1366 mm) 53.8 in (1366 mm) 54.6 in (1387 mm) 54.6 in (1388 mm)
Rear track (at perm, axle load) 54.1 in(1373mm) 54.1 in (1373 mm) .550 in (1396 mm) 55.2 in (1401 mm)
Min. turning circle dia. (wheels) 31 ft 2 in ( 9,5 m)
Min. turning circle dia. (overall) 33 ft 10 in (10.3 m) ,
Vehicle weight unladen 2249 Ib (2271 Ib)· 2266 Ib (2293 Ib)· 2403 Ib (2425 Ib)· 2447 Ib (2470 Ib)·
(in road trim with full tank, 1020 kg (1030 kg)· 1030 kg (1040 kg)· 1090 kg (1100 kg)· 1110 kg (1120 kg)·
excluding special equipment)
Max. permitted gross 3197Ib(1450kg) 32191b (1460 kg) 3352 Ib (1520 kg) 3396 Ib (1540 kg)
weight
Permitted front axle load 1565 Ib (710 kg) 1588 Ib (720 kg) 1698 Ib (770 kg) 1720 Ib (780 kg)
Permitted rear axle load 1786 Ib (810 kg) 1808 Ib (820 kg) 1808 Ib (820 kg) 1852 Ib (840 kg)
Permitted trailer load
unbraked 1102 Ib ( 500 kg)
Braked, max, gradient 2645 Ib (1200 kg)
12% (1 in 85) 2205 Ib (1000 kg)·
max. gradient 2645 Ib (1200 kg)
8% (1 in 12.5) 2645 Ib (1200 kg)··
Permitted nose weight (trailer) 110 Ib (50 kg)
Permitted roof load
(When fully laden, the per- 165 Ib (75 kg)
mitted axle loads must'not
be exceeded)

•
• Automatic models
•• Automatic models - may necessitate an official entry in the car's registration documents.
 ::>peCIIICatlOns J4~
-

80 d y dimensions
. ('n
I millimeters)

1373
320' 1396
323 I ; 1401

E 21 80218
 144 Specifications

Performance BMW 316 BMW 318 i BMW 320 BMW323i

• Top speed (manual gearbox)

(automatic transmission)

Max. gradients
in 1st gear
101 mph
(163 km/h)
98 mph
(158 km/h)

52%
(1 in 1.9)
106 mph
(1.71 km/h)
103 mph
(166 km/h)

58%
(1 in 1.7)
112 mph
(181 km/h)
109 mph
(176km/h)

58%
(1 in 1.7)
118mph
(190 km/h)
115 mph
(185 km/h)

58%
(1 in 1.7)

Acceleration through gears

mile/h (km/h) sec. sec. sec. sec.

0--31 (0-50 3.8 3.6 3.4 , 2.8

0-50(0--80 7.9 7.3 7.2 6.4

0--62 (0-100) 12.5/14.7* 11.5/13.2 * 10.7;;3.0* 9.5/11.7*

0--75 (0-120) 18.3/22.4* 16.3/19.9* 15.8/18.8* 13.6/15.8*

0-87 (0-140) 29.0 24.4 22.7 18.5

0--99 (0.:..160) 39.1 36.0 27.3

Standing start
kilometer in sec. 34.3/36.3* 33.0/34.9* 32.4/34.6* 30.9/33.2*

* Automatic transmission cars

•
 I""tU 0etvlL-e ill':'lIUL-liUII L-llall

1st BMW BMW BMW

Service instruction chart Inspection Oil Service Inspection

•
at 600 miles every every
(1000 kml 5000 miles 10 000 miles
(7500 km) (15000 km)
Engine Check oil level regularly
Change oil x x X
Brand-name HD oil for spark-ignition engines (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE')
Engine oil filter Change filter X X X
Hydraulic Check oil level regularly X X X
power steering (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE')
For oil grades, see page 149
Change filter X2)
Manual gearbox Check oil level X
Change oil X Xl)
Brand-name SAE 80 gear oil (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE'). In an
emergency, HD engine oil.
Automatic Check oil level regularly X
transmission Change oil Xl)
For oil grades, see page 148
Rear axle Check oil level X
(final drive) Change oil x Xl)
Brade-name running-in hypoid oil, SAE 90
(your BMW dealer knows the approved oil grades)
Wheel bearing Grease: Shell Retinax A
Carburetor linkage Oil X
Engine oil
Throttle butterfly Grease x X,
lever and gate Multi-purpose grase
Door and front Oil X
lid hinges Engine oil
Front and rear lid Grease X
catches, door lock Multi-purpose greaS8
latches and strikers
Fuel tank Premium (Super) grade fuel to DIN 51600 standard; inin, octane number 98 (RM), 88 (MM)

•
 :::.ervlce instruction cha rt 147

lsI BMW BMW BMW

Inspection Oil Service Inspection

•
al 600 miles every every
11000 km) 5000 miles 10000 miles
17500 kml {15 000 kml

Radiator Check coolant level regularly (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE') Renewanti-
Only factory-approved long life antifreeze and corrosion freeze every
inhibitors may be used - your BMW dealer can advise you, 2 years

Brakes, Check fluid level regularly; Always

clutch your BMW dealer knows the factory- renew fluid
approved brake fluids, once a year

Battery Check acid level regularly x

Windshield washer Check fluid level regularly
and headlight Antifreeze: to DIN 51421 standard
cleaning system (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE'I

Fuel system
Mesh strainer in fuel pump
316,320 Clean (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE') x
Main fuel filter
BMW 318 i, 323 i Replace (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE') x
Screen filter in carburetor
feed line (BMW 320) Clean (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE') x
Screen filter in fuel
level sensor Clean (see 'CARE AND MAINTENANCE')

Intake air cleaner Replace

element x
1) Every 20000 miles (30000 km)
2) Every 40000 miles (60000 km)

Lifting points for car hoists with 4 pickup Warning: If the car is jacked up directly beneath the
arms: front a"xle beam or the final drive, use suitable hoisting
Outer extremity of body, under the equipment or place a suitable piece of material between
seam directly adjacent to the reinforced the jack pad and the housing to prevent damage to the

•
points used for the car's own jack. final drive.
 14l:i UII grades tor automatic transmisSion

Approved oil grades for automatic transmission

• Initial filling of new and exchange transmissions, restoring fluid level

Aero-Line ATF Dexton

Agip F 1 AT F Dexron
Antar Dexron R II
Aral Getrtebe61 ATF 22
Aseol Dexron It
A5e01 Dexron II·
Prinz-Schulte, Frechen
Agip, Roma/I
Antsr, Paris/F
Aral, Bochum
Aseol, Bern/C'"
AsecH, Bern/CH
0·20101
B·" 297
0·20600
0·20749
0·20 137
0·16712
rp Dexron Fluid
Kompressol-Fluid Matic D 52
lubro Dexron II
MAC Dexron II
Mihag ATF Dexron
Mobil AT F 220
IP, Genua/I
Kompressol, KOln
Chemico, luipaardsvlei S,A.
Shell. Hamburg
Mihag, Diisseldorf
Mobil Oil, Hamburg
B·11297
0·20739
0·20694
0·20 137
0·20739
0·20104
Autol GetriebeOi De)l;ron C Autol, Hannover 0·20383 OMV·Austromatic: Daxron /I OMV, Wien/A 0·20 768
Avia Fluid ATF 77Dexron Avia, Munchen 0·20760 Orvematic Orvema, Maaruen/Nl 0·20725
BayWa ATF Dexron BayWa, MUnch.n 0·20739 Pamatic Fluid Dexron II PAM,Asdlaffenburg 0·20137
Severol Dexron II Severol, Beverwijk/Nl 0·20727 Pazbo Dex Fluid" , paz Oil, Haifa/ll 0·20137
SP Autr.n OX II SP. Hamburg 0·20335 PN· Fluid-Getrlebebl Duron II Neuling, Berlin 0·20137
Castrol TO Dexron II Cltstrol. Swindon/GB 0·20180 Renoftuid Dexron Fuchs. Mannheim 0·20739
Castrol TO Dexron II Castrol, Swindon/GB 0·20691 Shell ATF Dexron II Shell, H"mburg 0·20137
Castrol TO Dexron II Castrol Swindon/GB 0·20366 Shell ATF Dexron II Shell, Hamburg 0·20207
Castrol TQ Dexron II Castrol:" Swindon/GB 0·20354 Shell ATF Dexron II , SheU, Hamburg 0·20719
Castrol TQ Dexron II Castrol, Swindon/GS 0·20182 0·20115
Shell Donax T6 Shell, USA
Castrol TQ Dexron II Castrol. Swindon/G B 0·20·815 Shell ATF Dexron Shell, Hamburg B·10 709
Caramatic: OX II Cera, Broksburg/SA 0·20137 Sunamatic 149 Sun Oil, Antwerpen/B 0·20101
Chevron ATF Chevron,Frankfurt 0·20 824 Teboil Automatic Fluid 0 f1 Oy Teboil, Helsinki/SF 0·20111
Deluxol Transmatic Fluid Dexton II Deluxol, Rotterdam/Nl 0·20726 Texamatic Fluid !Dexron R II) Caltex, london/GB 0·20139
Deutz Del Dexron II Oeutzar Oel, Kaln 0·20137 Texamatic Fluid tDexron R II) Caltex, london/GB 0·20329
Elan Austromatic Dextran II Elan, Wien/A 0·20768 Texamettc Fluid (Dexron R II) Caltex, london/GB 0·20576
Elfmatic G2 Elf·Union, Paris/F 0·20211 Texamatic Fluid 9226 Texaco, Hamburg 0·20112
ESA A TF Dexron ESA, Bu'lldorf/CH 0·20739 Texaco lastona Fluid II ~ Texaco, Hamburg 0·20112
Esso ATF Dexron Esso,Hamburg B·l0 696 Total Oexron Total, Paris/F ~ 0·20356
Esso ATF Oexron Esse,Hamburg [).20277 Trek Dexron II Trek, Johannesburg /SA 0·20530
Esso ATF Dexron Esso,Hamburg 0·20 347 Turbo Getriebe61 ATF Dexron Basche u. Bodeker, Bremen 0·20383
Fina Oexron II Fina, Frankfurt 0·20668 Unil Matic: Dexron II Unil Intern. Beauvais Cedex/F 0·20740
Frontal Getriebeol DXS Dexron C Schindler, Hamburg 0·20383 Valvorine Valvomatic Type Duron II Valvoline, Hamburg 0·20739
GilA Dexron II Fiat, Torino/I 0·20782 Vee:dol ATF Dexron II Veedollntem.,England/GS 0·20816
Giromatic Oexron C Martin, Nurnberg 0·20383 Veedol ATF Dexron II Veedol Intarn.,England/GS 0·20366
GOlden Fleexe Dexron II Golden Fleexe, Melburne/Austr, 0·20352 Veedol AT F O.xron II Veedot Intem.,England/GS 0·20808
Gulf ATF Dexron II Gulf, Rotterdam/Nl 0·20 "1 Westfalen-Getriebeflussigkeit ATF Du, Sauerstoffwerk Westfalen,Miinster 0·20 739
Hansa Dexron Oel-Hansa, Hamburg 0·20739 Wiesolub ATF Oexron Wiesol, Wiesbaden 0·20739
Homber9 Getriebe Fluid Homberg. Wuppertal 0·20739 Vacco ATF II Vacco, Caudebec les Elbeuf/F 0·20 806

•
 IJII Y'dU~S lOr power steering 14~

Approved oil grades for power steering

• Initial filling, refilling:

Avia Fluid ATF 77 De)(ron

BP Autran OX II
CastrOI TO Dexron II
Ess.o ATF Dexron
Frontal Getriebebl DXS Dexron Clo
Shell ATF Dexron II
Texamatic Fluid 9226
Avia Mineralol, Munchen
BP, Hamburg
Castrol, Swindon/GB
Esso AG, Hamburg
()Iwerke Schindler, Hamburg
Deutsche Shell AG. Hamburg
Deutsche Texaco, Hamburg
0·20760
0·20335
b·20 815
0·20277
0-20383
0-211. 137
0·20112
Restoring level onlv:

AERO-Line Denan
Antar Dexron II
Arel GatriebeOl ATF 22
Autol GetriebeOl Dexron
BayWa ATF Dexron
8eYerol Dexron II
BP Autran G 3 P 770810
Prjnl Schulte, Koln·Frechen
Antar SA et C, hris/F
Aral, Bochum
Autol-Werke, Hannover
.~ BayWa, MUnchen
r Beverol, Beverwijk/NL
BP, Hamburg
0-20 101
.-0-20 600
0'20749
0·20 383
0·20 739
0·20 727
Veedol A TF Dexron II Veedol GmbH, Hamburg 0·20816 Castrol TO Dexron II Castrol, Swindon/GB i)·20 lao
Deluxol Transmatic Fluid Dexron H Deluxol, Rotterdam/Nl 0-20726
Deutz Del Dexron II Deutter 01 GmbH, Kaln i)·20 137
Duckharm ATF Duron Duckhams, London/GB 0-20801
Elan Austromatic Duron II Elan, Wien/A 0·20768
Elfmatic G 2 Elf, Paris/F 0·20211
ESA ATF Oexron ESA, BurgdorllCH 0·20 739
Giromatic Duron C .I Martin, Nlirnbefg 0-20383
Golden Fleece Dexron II Golden Fleece, Melbourne/AUS 0·20362
Gulf ATF Dexron II Gulf, Rotterdam/NL 0·20 HI
Hafe Transmatic,B-D II Safra, Paris/F 0·20 781
Hens Dexron 01 Hansa, Hamburg 0·20 739
Homberg Getriebe fluid Homberg, Wupperul 0-20739
Kompressol Fluid Matic 052 Kompressol, Kaln 0·20 739
Mihag ATF Dexron Mih8g, DUsseldorf 0-20 739
Mobil ATF 220 Mobil Oil AG, Hamburg 0·20104
Mobil ATF 210 2P 721005 Mobil Oil AG, Hamburg
Orvematic Orvema, Maarssen/NL 0·20725
OMV Austromatic Dexron II OMV, Wien/A 0-768
Renofluid Dexron Fuchs, Mannheim 0·20 739
-Shell Dona. TF 3 P 731 113 Deutsche Shell AG, Hamburg
Sunametic 149 Sun Oil Campanv, Antwerpen/B 0·20 101
Teboil Automatic Fluid Oy Teboil, Helsinki/SF 0·20 III
Totar Dexron Totat, DUsseldorf 0·20 366
Trek Dexron II Trek, Johannesburg/ZA 0-20630
Turbo Getriebe61 ATF. Dexron 80sche u. BOdeker, Bremen 0·20383
Unil Metic Dexron II Unir Beauv8is/F 0·20740
Valvoline Valvomatic TVpe Denon II Valvoline, Hamburg 0-20739
Veedol ATF Dexron II Veedol, England 0-20808
Veedol ATF Du;ron R II Veedol, England 0·20 366
Weidalen GetriebeflUssigkeit
.. ATF Dexron Seuentoffwerk Westfalen, Munster 0-20 739
Wiesolub ATF Duron Wiesal, Wiesbaden 0·20739

•
 I:>U vvny LJenulne tllVIVV t'ans!
Service -
•
All the Way!
High quality engineering· inspires confi-
dence. You need not drive your new BMW
very far to discover this.
A high quality automobile should be given
expert attention and care, so that your
driving pleasure remains undisturbed for
many years.
Try to have your BMW serviced or repai-
red at an authorized BMW workshop -
always. All the equipment and facilities
are specially tailored to BMW and the
workshop is required by contract to install
only genuine BMW parts on your car.
You should be suspicious when offered
other parts of allegedly equivalent quality,
since we are unable to test them and
vouch for their suitability.
•
Furthermore, our warranty terms _. in
particular Item 7 - may be affected.
Genuine BMW parts protect you against Quality Guarantee
all such difficulties and reduce the risk to
which you are exposed on the roads.
Genuine. BMW parts are not merely 'spa-
res' but identical with the parts originally
fitted to your car.
Genuine BMW Parts
Replacement of one 'original part' by are entirely identical with
another ensures that the superior design
and engineering concept of every BMW the equivalent parts used
is maintained, so that you can make full on new BMW vehicles.
and safe use of your car's performance.
Every BMW dealer is required to keep full ' The Bayerische
stocks of the following Genuine BMW Motoren Werke AG
parts:
I
guarantee that these parts
All parts frequently needed as replace- are genuine and free from
ments or exchange on BMW cars. defects in materials or
Genuine BMW accessories (the full factd-
workmanship.
ry-approved rangel.
Genuine BMW parts which are less fre-
quently called for - from a range excee- BMW - Pei-tection in Detail
ding 30 000 items - are obtained by
smaller dealers from their larger associa-
tes in the BMW dealer network or from
the national BMW importer's stock.
Genuine BMW parts are all those parts,
accessories and assemblies which are
supplied by the Bayerische Motoren Wer-
ke AG, regardless of whether they are
'_G~e_n_u_;ne_../~.
manufactured by BMW or obtained from
approved outside suppliers.
For safety reasons you are recommen-
'-_BMW
__ Parts " ' "
ded to install only Genuine BMW Acces-
sories. Look tor this sign

Personalized
•
equipment for
your BMW
Car radios
Specially recommended: the 'new gene-
ration' of BMW Bavaria car radios with
automatic traffic report transmission indi-
cator. Also available in stereo with inte-
grated cassette recorder.
BMW floor mats
For front and rear, cut to exact size,
nonslip, to protect and enhance the ap-
pearance of your car. Choose between
velour carpets, hard wearing synthetic
and rubber floor mats.
BMW light-alloy wheels
These wheels have been tested by BMW
on BMW vehicles under all driving condi-
tions, even the most arduous. Constantly
tested, individually X-rayed - the only
original BMW sports wheels in the world.
BMW halogen fog lights
Your BMW ist already programmed for
the installation of these fog lights. In many
countries there is a risk of fog all the year
round.
BMW traiklr coupling
For caravans, boat trailers or horseboxes.
Available with detachable ball head.
•
BMW headlight cleaning system
Special nozzles clean the headlight lenses
while on the move, and the dirt is wiped
off immediately afterwards by special
blades.
BMW air conditioning
A high-performance BMW air conditio-
ning unit can be specified for your BMW or
installed subsequently jf required.
BMW mudflaps
These show the BMW driver's considera-
tion for other road users when overtaking,
and protect your own car from dirt and
flying stones.
BMW First Aid Kit
Available in box or cushion form. On
certain models, the first aid kit can be
stowed in the center armrest of the rear
seat. In Germany and in many other
countries, a first aid kit must be carried by
law.
BMW gear lever knob
Attractive accessories - in real wood or
leather, with a recessed BMW emblem.
BMW children's restraint systems
BMW child's seat for babies capable of
sitting up; maximum weight of child 18 kg
(40 Ibl, maximum height 105 em (3 h 5
in).
BMW JUNIOR child restraint system,
consisting of child's shoulder-strap auto-
matic seat belt and seat pan.
With seat pan for small children - approx.
3 to 8 years of age.
Without seat pan for older children, up to
t:X<.:'uslve DIVI VV Accessones t::> I
max. 36 kg (80 Ib) body weight. Above
this limit, use adult seat belts.
For illustrations and detailed information,
see'SAFETY'.
BMW roof rack/ski carriers
Rigidity, attachment points, fastenings
and safety to BMW's own high quality
standards. Roof rack: one-piece or sectio-
ned versions available,
BMW snow chains
Edge-track pattern, designed to suit BMW
cars. Optimum material quality and work-
milnship. High mileage without excessive
wear is doubled by ability to run on either
side of chains.
O)her car accessories from the Genuine
B'MW Accessory range
Towrope, BMW paint spray aerosols and
touch-in pencils, spare bulb pack, fire
extinguisher, hand lamp with or without
lead, aerials, loudspeakers, headlight lens
coyers, sports steering wheels, sports
seats, 'Touring' cases, warning triangle,
wind deflector. •
Please note:
Depending on the BMW model you own,
many genuine BMW accesories may al-
ready form part of the standard specifica-
tion or have been ordered when the car
was new. In addition, certain items from
the accessory range may not be approved
'or available for all BMW models. Your
BMW dealer will gladly advise you and
also provide details of new items in the
genuine BMW accesories range.
 I::lL Inoex
Index
•
Acceleration 144
Accessories range 151
Acid level 96, 147
, Air cleaner 101, 102, 114
Air cleaner element 98, 147,
Air conditioning 108, 138, 139
Air ,distribution slide control 10, 27
Air' extraction 28
· Airflow meter 122, 123
Aifflow, rotary control 10,27"28,29
· Air'outiet grilles 10,27
Alternatqr 140
ATltimna'22,83
Antifreeze 60, 147
Ashtrays 10.21
Automatic choke 32, 106, 107, 122, 123
Automatic transmission 30, 31,124-126 '
, ';-01'- change 87, 92, 146
--oil content 93, 159
.:.. <'i~ cooler 129
- oil gradl;1s 148
-'ratio 129
Allxilraty etectric fan 129
Axle Icad$. permissible 66, 142,'
"aacJ\~p'lights 17, 19, 78'
£tal.a,iC~'Wheels:96· -O!romium, care of 61. 83
· Battery 6t),96, 140,147
"Battery ,acid-level 96, 147 . . ..J
Battery-cti!IrQ& telltale 10, 12, 15, 33- .
·41:'7174"76 '"
Batt~~ng& 0 ' , ',iCpktsiartii'ig 32
,BfcMerC'lJlfrol.l0,28
BMW"a~:of aCl;essories 1'51 ....
•
. 8'M'N Pans. and Ex'change Service 150 •. '
Body 136
Body cavity sealing 61 , 83
Body dimensions 142, 143
Body overhang 142, 143
Brake adjustment 104, 105, 134
Brake booster servo 56, 134
· Brake discs 134
Brake fluid 94,147
Brake fluid renewal 94
Brake lights 17, 76
Brake pressure limiter 135 , Cooling system. filling 97
Brake pad wear indicator 10, 1 5, 41, 71,
· 74, 76, 134 .' • Crankshaft 1 12
Brake warning light 10, 15, 41, 71, 74,
76,9~ 134' ' ,
Brakes 34, 56, 57, 71, 134
Braking distanc.es 135, 136
·Braking- efficiency. 136
Bulb changing 75, 79
Bul,bs 75-79
' Camber angle 1;30, 131
Capacities 159
l!:arburen>r 106, 107, 128
Cafe- of car 60, 61, 82, 83
. . Ca!sene player radio 25-
;.' Castor angle 124
'. . Centrifugal ignition advance 140
C~ssisnumber 8 . Door locks 9, 61
C~iId'sseat40,41 .
Cigar light'" 10,21,141
,;··CloclC....-digital 10, 20, 76
Clutch 46, 95,T29, 147
··CoiI140.
,.Cold&tartlngvalve 32.122,123
. :. Cold weather operatIon 4!): 50
.Compression 'ratio 115, 116
Connecting rods 113
Controls 10, 12
Coolant 60
Coolant level, checking 5,5
Coolant temperature 71, 74
Coolant thermometer 10, 12, 15, 17, 76
Coolant thermostat 129
Cooling system 60,96,97.98, 129. 147,
159
Cooling system capacity 60. 96. 159
Corrosion protection 61, 83
Cylinder block 112
'Cylinder head 112
Cylinder head studs, tightening 100
Differential 129
- oil change 85, 86, 87, 93,146-
- oil content 93, 159
- oil grades 93, 146, 159
- ratio 129
Digital clock 10, 20, 76
Dimensions 142, 143
Dipped beams' 1.0, 12,77,141
. Dipstick 54, 92
Disc brakes 56,57, 134
·O~placement (engine) 11 5, 116
Distributor 94, 140, 158
Downhill gradients 56
Driver's seat 18, 38
Driver's seat adjustment 18, 38
Driving hints 45-68
. Dual circuit brakes 56, 57, 71, 134
Dust caps (tire valves) 58, 132 .
Dwell angle 100, 140, 158 .
Econom~ 46-53 .
Electric fuel pump 114, 122, .l23',
 Electric fuel pump 114,122,123
Electrical system 140, 141
•
Emergency Service 71
Engine breather 114
Engine capacity 115, 116
Engine compartment lock 10, 14
Engine lubrication 113
Engine oil change 54, 91, 146
Engine oil content 92, 159
Engine oil cooler 129
Engine,oil consumption 54, 114
Engine oil filter 54', 92, 114, 146
Engine oil grades 54, 91, 146
Engine power output 117
Engine specifications 112
Engine speed - continuous 115, 116
Engine speed - maximum 115, 116
Engine speed -road speed graph 118
Engineering modifications 59, 61
Fan 129
Faun tracing 74
Filling capacities 159
Final drive 129
- oil change 85, 86, 87,93,146
..:. oil content 93, 159
- oil grades"93:148, 159 "
- ratio 129 - Handbrake 19, '\.34, 135
Firing order 102,J 4'1:
Flat battery, 72:
Floor mats 83
FlyiAg stoneS 82
Fog light SWItch 10,15
Fog.light telllale't-o, l5~ 76
Fog light'15, 42; 141
Foot brake 7'J"ffi4 .
Foreigtltr;tvst 55. •
Fresh air grill.es 10; 27 .
Front lid 14
Front suspension 130
Fuel 35, 46, 146, 159
Fuel consumption 46, 115, 116, 121
Fuel economy 46
Fuel filler 17
Fuel filters 99, 114, 147
Fuel gauge 10, 12, 15, 16, 76
Fuel injection system 122, 123
Fuel pump 99; 114, 122, 123
Fuel reserve 10, 15, 16, 76
Fuel tank-capacity 137, 146, 15S'
Fuels and lubricants 146, 147
Fuses 15, 14r
Gearbox 129
Gearbox gate pattern 19
Gearbox oil capacity 92, 159
Gearbox oif change 85, 86, 87, 146
Gearbox oit grades '92, 146, 148, 159
Gearbox ratios 129
Glove box 10, 20, 76'
Gradients 144
Gross weight, permhSible 42, 142
Ground clearance 142
Halfshafts93
'Hand lamp, rechargeable 20, 141
Handbrake adjustment 104, 105 . ,
Hazard warning push-button switch 10,
1"5~76
Hazard warniriQ flas hars1 5, 68
f.tead and.side light switch 10, '\.2
. • ~r tank, coolant 97
, . Headligbt beam settin& 77'
... Headlight cleanlng-sys~m 13,42,00,'98
'14l, f.47 .'
Headlight flashe"r.1 0, 12
Headligl'1ts 1'2, 16, 77; 141
Headrests 18, 38
Heated rear window 16, 42, 76, 141
Heater rear window push-button switch
10, 16, 76
Heater 10,27,28,137
Height 142, 143
High beam headlights 12,77,141
High beam headlight telltale 10, 12, 15, 76
Hill climbing 144
Ho~n pushes 10, 16
Horns 10, 16, 141
Ignition advance and retard 140
Ignition/starter switch 9, 12
Ignition timing 100, 140, 158
Imitation leather 83
Ipjection system 122, 123
Injectors 122, 123
Inspection 85-88
Instrument lighting 10, 12
"ristruments 15, 76
Intake airflow 114
If)take air preheat 102
Interchanging. road wheels 83
Interior light 20, 79 •
Interior mirror 10, 19, 38
Intermittent wiper action 13
International symbols 75
Jack 68
Keys 8, 9
Kick-down 31, 34
Kingpin inclination 130
, . '.. ;
leather 83
. Left-hand traffic 55
Length 142, 143
License plate liSJhts 79
.'f' .
 Lifting points for vehicle hoist 147 Operating instructions 8-35 Road speed - engine speed graph 118
Light switch 10, 12 Operating temperature 70, 74 Road speed, max, permitted 34,144

•
Lights 38 Output per liter 11 5, 11 6 Roof load, permissible 142
Limited slip differential 129, 133 Overhang 142, 143 Rotary controls (heating) 10,27,28,29
Locks 9, 61 Rubber components 61, 83
Loudspeaker 10, 22 Paintwork, care of 82 Running gear 130, 131
Loudspeaker front/rear balance control Paintwork damage 82 Running in 34
24 Parking 61 Running in brakes and tires 34
Low beam headlights 10, 12,77,141 Parking lights 13, 76, 78
Lubrication 146 Parts and Exchange Service 150 Safety 37-43
Luggage compartment 137 Pe.rformance 144 Safety Test 43, 83, 86
- lid 9, 55 Performance graph 117, 118 Seat adjustment 18, 38
- light 17 Piston speed, mean 115, 116 Seat belts, automatic-reel 18, 38, 83
- lock 9 Pistons 112 Service 85-88
Playback head, cleaning 83 Service booklet 84
Main beam 12,77,141
Power output 11 5, 116 Service instruction chart 146, 147
Main beam telltale 10, 12, 15, 76
Power socket 10, 21, 141 Side lights 12, 76, 77, 141
Maintenance 85-88
Power steering 72, 74, 93, 94, 132 .I Ski rack 43
Maintenance routines, description of Slide for airflow distribution 10,27
- oil content 94, 159
91-108
- oil grades 149 Sliding/vent roof 26
Maker's plate 8
- ratio 132 Snow chains 60, 132
Minor defects 68-80
Power/weight ratio 1 15, 11 6 Socket 1 0, 21, 141
Mirror, outside 10, 16, 19,38, 66, 83 Spark plugs 100, 141, 158
Propeller shaft 129
Mirrors 10, 16, 19,38,66
Punctures 58 Spare wheel 68
Modifications 59, 61
Specifications 112-11 6
Number plate lights 79 Radial ply tires 42, 58, 59, 60, 132 Speedometer 16, 1 5
Radiator cap 55, 71, 97,129 Spinning rear wheels 61
Octane number 35, 46, 146, 159 Radio 10,22-25 Sports running gear 133
Oil additives 54 Reaction times 135 Stains 82, 83
Oil service 83, 86 Rear fog guard light 15, 17,42,76,141 Starter 12, 70, 140
Oil changes 54, 91, 92, 93, 146 Rear lights 17,38,78 Starting aids 70, 72
Oil consumption 54, 114 Rear suspension 131 Starting difficulties 70, 74
Oil content 92, 93, 159 Rear window shelf 41 Starting the engine 32, 41
Oil cooler 129 Reflectors 17,38,78 Starting valve 70, 122, 123
Oil filter 54, 92, 114, 147 Regulator (voltage) 140 Starting with flat battery 72
Oil grades 54, 91, 92, 93, 146, 148, Reservoir, brake and clutch fluid 94 Steering 72, 74, 93, 9.4, 132, 133, 146
149, 159 Reverse gear, selecting 19 - oil content 93, 159
Oil level, checking 54, 91, 92, 93 Reversing lights 17, 19, 78 - oil grades 149
Oil pressure telltale 10, 12, 15, 32,

•
Revolutio~ counter 10, 15, 34 - ratio 132
41,71,74,76 Rims 132
 IIlue" 100

Steering lock 12 Transmission oil cooler 129 Winter operation 60, 61

Steering wheel 38, 132 Travel Service 71 Winter tires 60, 132, 160

•
Stereo loudspeakers 10, 22 Trip distance recorder 10, 14 Wipe/wash lever 10, 13
Stereo reception 24 Turn indicator lever 10, 12, 13 Wiper arms 73
Stop lights 17, 78 Turn indicator telltale 10, 13, 15, 76 Wiper blades 42, 73,83
Stopping the engine 33 Turn indicators 17,38,78 Wipers 73,141
Sun visors 19, 38 Turning circle 142
Suspension 130, 131 Type plate 8
Tar sta ins 83 U nderseal 61, 83
Telltale lamps 76
Temperature, rotary control 10, 27 Vacuum ignition control 140
Therm ostat 129 Valve clearances 101, 102, 113, 158
Thermometer 10,12,15,17,76 Valves 113
. Tire dimensions, changing 59, 60 V-belts 102, 158
Tire pressures 42, 58, 60, 66, 160 Vehicle hoist lihing points 147
Tire repairs 58, 69 Ventilation 10,27,28,137
Tire treads 58
Tires 42, 58, 59, 60, 132 Warm starting 32
Toe-in 130, 131 Warming ur 46
Toe-out on turns 130 Warning triangle 15
Toolkit 69 Water patches on paintwork 82
Top speed, maximum permitted 34, 144 Weight, gross 142
Torch, chargeable 20, 141 Weights 142
Torque 1 15, 116 Wheelbase 142, 143
Torque converter 129 Wheel bearings, lubricating 146
Torque graph 117 Wheel changing 68, 95
Towbar downthrust, permissible 64, 142 Wheel chock 64, 68
Towing 70, 72 Wheel lock 130
Towing a trailer 63 - 67 Wheel stud wrench 68
Towing away 72 Wheel 132
Towing eyes 70, 72 Wheels, balancing 96
Track 142 Wheels, interchanging 95
Track rods 132 Width 142, 143
Trailer load, permissible 64, 142 Window defrosting 27, 28
Trailer nose weight 64, 142 Windows 38, 137
Trailer towing 63-67 Windshield washer 13,60, 97, 141, 147
Transistorized coil ignition 43, 74, 94, Windshield washer fluid tank 13

•
102, 141, 158 Windshield washer jets 14
 " 158

At a glance

•
Dwell angle
BMW 316-323 i 21 °_25° at 900/min
Ignition timing
Check dynamically without vacuum ad-
V-belt
vance:
BMW 316 9.1 x 870 or 25°BTDCat2500/m~
BMW 316
9.5 x 875 LA DIN 7753 28° BTDC at 3500/min
BMW 318 i
BMW 316 A 9.5 x 850 LA DIN 7753 BMW 320,
BMW 318 i 9.5 x 975 LA DIN 7753 22° BTDC at 1500/min
323i
BMW 318 i A 9.5 x 950 LA DIN 7753
BMW 320,
323i 9.5 x 950 (narrow angle) Warning:
9.5 x 825 DIN 7753 Transistorized coil ignition
(To drive the high-pressure vane type This is a high-performance ignition sys-
pump on cars with power steering) tem, and it is dangerous to touch any live
components when the engine is running. I
Spark plugs
Valve clearances
Beru 145/14/3A or 14/8D BMW 316, 318
Beru W 145-175 or RS/35 Inlet and exhaust 0.15 - 0.20 mm'
Bosch W 145 no or W 8 D (0.006 - 0.008 in)
Bosch W 145-175 or W7 DC
Champion N 10 Y BMW 320, 323 i
Inlet and exhaust 0.25 mm
Electrode gap 0.6 + 0.1 mm (0.010 in)
(0.024 + 0.004 in)
measured with engine stopped and cold
(coolant temperature max. 35° C/.

•

-.,---'------------------------------------------------
Capacities
Fuel tank
• 98 RM, 88 MM
---~--------,---~-
Cooling system incl. heater
Engine oil
Manual gearbox
Automatic transmission
Quantity for oil change
Total content of new or exchange
transmission when initially filled
Final drive
Power steering (optional)
(
159
Notes
58 liters (12.8 imp., 15.3 US gal); Super (premium) grade fuel to
DIN 51600 standard, octane number,
7.2 liters (12.7 Imp. pints, 7.6 US quarts) For details, see pages 96 and 97
- BMW 316, 318 i
12 liters (18 Imp. pints, 12.5 US quarts)
- BMW 320, 323 i.
3.75 liters (6.6 Imp. pints, 4.0 US quarts) Brand-name HD spark ignition engine oil
+ 0.25 liter (0.44 Imp. pint, 0.26 US quart) Fo' oil grades, see page 91
I
if filter is changed - BMW 316, 318 i
4.0 liters (7.0 Imp. pints, 4.0 US quarts)
+ 0.25 liter (0.44 Imp. pints 0.26 US quarts)
if filter is changed - BMW 320, 323 i
1 liter (1 .75 Imp. pints, 1.1 US quarts) Brand-name SAE 80 gearbox oil;
- 4-speed gearbox specification MIL-L-21 05 or API-GL-4;
1.5 liters (2.6 Imp. pints, 1.6 US quarts) in an emergency, HD engine oil; see
- 5-speed gearbox page 92
app. 2.0 liters (3.5 Imp. pints, 2.1 US For oil grades, see page 148
quarts)
app. 2.2 liters (3.9 Imp. pints, 2.3 US
quarts)
0.95 liter (1.7 Imp. pints, 1.0 US quart) Brand-name SAE 90 hypoid gear oil
(your BMW Service Station knows the
factory-approved grades)
1.2 liter (1.8 Imp. pints, 1.2 US quarts) For oil grades, see page 149
(permanently filled, no drain plug)
r
160

F-o r you row n 5 a f e t y - c h e c kt ire p,r e s sur e s reg u ~ a rl y

•
2 2
Tire pressures in bar (lb/in ) - radial ply tires, cold; when warm, add 0.3 bar (app. 4 Ib/in ):

BMW Standard tires up to 4 persons great loads Winter tires· up to 4 persons 'lreater loads
'Model (tubeless) front rear front rear (tubeless) front rear front riilar
.,

316, 165 SR 13 1.9 1.9 2,0 2,2 165 SR 13 Q M+S 1.9 1.9 2,0 2.2
318i 185/70 SR/HR 13 (27) (27) (28.5) (31.3) (27) (27) (28,5) (31.3)

32.0 185/70HR13 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.4 185/70~R 13 Q M+S 2,0 2.0 2.2 2.4
323i (28.5) (28.5) (31.3) (34.1 ) 165 SR 13 Q M+S (28.5) (28.5) (31.3) (34.1)

185/70 HR 13 T M+S 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.5

I (30) (30) (33) (35.5)

• Max. speed for SR winter tires, speed class Q - 160 km/h (100 mile/h)
HR winter tires, speed class T - 190 km/h (118 mile/h) I