UNIDAD EDUCATIVA SAN PIO X

CITIZENSHIP

PARTIAL #2

Name: Suemy Pérez

Date: 2021-12-20

Class: 1 BGU “C” Classwork #: 3

Topic: Ecuadorian constitution and equality.

1. Read the ideas of the following philosophers about equality and then complete the
organizer.

John Locke
He believed that men were born free and equal but he didn´t imagine them
as bad or violent humans, instead he imagined them living in peace and
making an effort to obtain their facilities and making use of their natural
rights such as equality, life and liberty. The problem was that if they had a
problem, there was no one with authority to help them solve it but they
had to defend their rights with their own strength.

Thomas Hobbes
He believed that men in their “natural state” were free and equal since
they were born and they had all rights. However, they were violent and
selfish which made them live in a permanent war with the only intention
of achieving self-benefits.

Nicolas Machiavel
He believed that a government can be above the moral norms that people
have. For example, it can not only make the laws but also apply physical
violence to punish the ones who don´t obey them. Until now, only the
State has the legitimate right to obligate, persecute, judge, putting in jail
and even killing to defend people´s life in a war or applying death penalty
in countries where it is accepted.
SMILARITIES.
The similarity is that the three of them thought that we humans fight for our benefit.
And that we are all equal

DIFFERENCES.
John Locke
He said that humans were all the same but not violent or aggressive.

Thomas Hobbes
He said that humans are the same as natural, but that we became aggressive and used our
strength in order to get our benefits.

Nicolas Machiavel
He said that humans were all equal but also violent and aggressive, so the state is the only
one with the right to kill or retain these behaviors for the good of society.
2. Write characteristics of:
POSITIVISM
 Positivism aims to give a causal
explanation of facts through
general and universal laws.
 Objectivity in the knowledge
gained from positivism is essential.
 I t is characterized by promoting
as unique and valid the knowledge
that scientific with the support of
the scientific method.
IUSNATURALISMO
 It places human rights above any
law.
 This is a universal thing.
 Its purpose is to define which laws
can be configured as part of rights,
as ethical and moral guides.

3. Write a short paragraph to explain with which of the 2 previous ideas you feel more
identified and why.

I identify with positivism because according to how it is defined, it is that

knowledge goes according to how it has been formed, that it was taught
and today the manners, rights and even values are different from the
ancestors and are evolving.