Health protocol

Izabela Kochan 2021, Naturally, a situation in which thousands of teachers are forced to switch to online
teaching without proper preparation, training, and often limited equipment will have an effect on the
student evaluation of their abilities. Reading a few press articles or Internet users’ comments on
distance learning uncovers the challenges of online teaching in Poland during the pandemic. One quote
highlights the unfamiliarity some Polish schoolteachers have with technology.» I have been explaining to
my sixty-year-old [teacher] mom for three days what Messenger is, how to send a corporate mail, and
how to institute a group on Facebook «(A teacher’s… 2020), states one teacher’s daughter.

Izabela Kochan 2021, Distance learning in Polish secondary schools: Students’ opinions during the Covid-
19 pandemic. Journal of Contemporary Educational Studies/Sodobna Pedagogika 72 (138), 342-
353Covid-1

Paulauskaite, Laura & Farris, Olayinka & Spencer, Helen & Hassiotis, Angela. (2021). Eighty-eight parents
who are participants in an ongoing clinical trial (EPICC-ID) reported a broad range of challenges they
faced during the pandemic: lack of information specific to children with DD; difficulties following social
distancing and isolation rules; disruption or pause of health and social care services; deterioration in
parental mental health and regression of the child’s skills. Future access to services, negative long-term
impact of school closures, parental unemployment were the parents’ main post-COVID-19 concerns

Paulauskaite, Laura & Farris, Olayinka & Spencer, Helen & Hassiotis, Angela. (2021). My Son Can’t
Socially Distance or Wear a Mask: How Families of Preschool Children with Severe Developmental
Delays and Challenging Behavior Experienced the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Mental Health
Research in Intellectual Disabilities. 1-12. 10.1080/19315864.2021.1874578.

Manullang, Tryastuti & Rochyadi, Endang & Sunardi, Sunardi & Suryadi, Ace & Haerudin, Dingding.
(2022). Teachers encounter challenges that include the disturbance in teaching and learning regarding
accessibility, learning quality, school-home relationship, and technology awareness. Teachers also
changed their ways of teaching by sending the learning materials via Google Classroom, WhatsApp
(cross-platform messaging), and a few still conducted face-to- face meetings with strict policies.

Manullang, Tryastuti & Rochyadi, Endang & Sunardi, Sunardi & Suryadi, Ace & Haerudin, Dingding.
(2022). Teachers’ Challenges During COVID-19. IJDS Indonesian Journal of Disability Studies. 9. 67-74.
10.21776/ub.ijds.2022.009.01.05.

Agayon, A. J. D. ., Agayon, A. K. R. ., & Pentang, J. T. . (2022). 1Themed findings showed that these
teachers are greatly challenged in terms of learning quality transfer, module distribution and retrieval,
students’ difficulties in following instruction, power disruption, internet connection, and health risks
posed by the pandemic.

Agayon, A. J. D. ., Agayon, A. K. R. ., & Pentang, J. T. . (2022). Teachers in The New Normal: Challenges
and Coping Mechanisms in Secondary Schools. International Journal of Humanities and Education
Development (IJHED), 4(1), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.4.1.8

PUPILS HABIT
Majid Asgari, Saeed Ketabi, Zahra Amirian 2019, (1) personalizing the materials could make a significant
contribution to the development and enhancement of students’ interest level in L2 learning;(2) selecting
the instructional materials based on learners’ interest areas could improve their performance in L2
reading comprehension; and (3) in using IBLT, there was no significant difference between learners with
different levels of reading proficiency in learning the course materials.

Majid Asgari, Saeed Ketabi, Zahra Amirian 2019,Interest-Based Language Teaching: Enhancing Students’
Interest and Achievement in L2 Reading.Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research 7 (1), 61-75,
2019

Pagal, Christy & Mirafuentes, Jhon Kevin & Ypanto, Quennie. (2017). Reading attitude does not always
affect reading practices. In terms of the relationship between student’s reading attitudes and practices
and their levels of reading comprehension skills, student’s reading attitudes and practices have no
significant relationships to all levels except between their reading attitudes and their comprehension
skills in the Inferential Level

Pagal, Christy & Mirafuentes, Jhon Kevin & Ypanto, Quennie. (2017). School Age Gender Gap in Reading
Comprehension. Journal of Asian Development. 3. 78. 10.5296/jad.v3i2.11079.

I Mohammed, Ofori Amponsah 2018, The following to be the factors contributing to the low reading
abilities of the pupils: their lack of confidence to practice how to read in class, poor motivation from
teachers and parents to help develop the interest of the pupils in reading, lack of pre-reader books in
school and at home, lack of library, teachers inadequate knowledge on phonemic awareness strategy of
teaching reading, lack of reading clubs and lack of reading competition among the pupils in the school.

I Mohammed, Ofori Amponsah 2018, Predominant Factors Contributing to Low Reading Abilities of
Pupils at Elsie Lund Basic School in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana.

Abeer Khalil, Nagat Elmulthum 2021, Cognitive performance includes a wide range of mental functioning
that recruits basic processes such as attention and alertness, remembering, problem solving, reading
and mathematical skills. The review analysis showed that food insecurity can affect cognitive
performance through direct relationship of nutritional factors such as animal source protein (milk and
meat) with mental functioning. Further, psychosocial factors which include socioeconomic status, is
expected to have an indirect effect on students’ cognitive performance. The analysis also proved
developmental effect of food insecurity, if it occurs in early stages of education (kindergarten) it will
affect the later cognitive performance of school children

Abeer Khalil, Nagat Elmulthum 2021, Can Food Insecurity Affect Cognitive Performance of School
Children? International Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences 2021, 11(3): 41-46

DOI: 10.5923/j.ijpbs.20211103.01

Fahriany, Fahriany & Fitriani, Fitriani & Farhan, Lulu & Husna, Nida & Hidayat, Didin & Mahlil, Mahlil.
(2022). Many challenges emerged from three sides: instructional activity, time management, and
student assessment. Challenges of instructional activity cover students’ motivation, English levels of
student proficiency, communication, cooperative learning, and teaching writing. Time management
challenges include having a limited amount of time and providing feedback.
Fahriany, Fahriany & Fitriani, Fitriani & Farhan, Lulu & Husna, Nida & Hidayat, Didin & Mahlil, Mahlil.
(2022). Teachers’ Challenges in Teaching Online English to Young Learners: A Case Study in Pandemic
Era. Jurnal Basicedu. 6. 5533-5541. 10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.2876.

READING

Tshering, Gembo & Cox, Peter. (2017). Teachers’ demographic profiles, characterized in terms of sex,
age, educational attainment, and experience are known to relate to students’ performance. However,
teachers’ demographic profiles, excepting the educational attainment, often fail to attract policy
decisions.

Tshering, Gembo & Cox, Peter. (2017). Interaction between Teachers’ Demographic Profile and Student
Performance. Rabsel-the CERD Educational Journal. 18. 1-10.

Diana, Nana & Suhendra, Suhendra & Yohannes, Yohannes. (2020). Difficulties faced by teachers in
implementing the distance learning are mostly related to technological devices ownership and ability to
utilize the devices, parents’ involvement during online learning, inadequate facilities and internal factor
from teachers

Diana, Nana & Suhendra, Suhendra & Yohannes, Yohannes. (2020). Teachers’ Difficulties in
Implementing Distance Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic. 105-109. 10.1145/3436756.3437029.

PUPILS ENVIRONMENT

Rosalyn Gunobgunob Mirasol, Katrina Ninfa Topacio 2021, reading is important for their children’s social
development, and that they are aware that reading starts at home. However, their needs and practices
contradicted their perceptions because reading seemed to be not their priority probably due to the
limited access and budget for reading materials. This poses a challenge to the educative sector of the
community including the teachers who are considered to be backbones of literacy.

Rosalyn Gunobgunob Mirasol, Katrina Ninfa Topacio 2021,Reading Perceptions, Needs, and Practices
among Parents of an Urban Poor Community in the Philippines. Reading Psychology 42 (7), 777-787,
2021.

Mayhall-Andrews, Florence Ann,(2018), Data analyzed using the Pearson product-moment correlation
analysis yielded no significant relationship between parent involvement and students’ reading scores.

Mayhall-Andrews, Florence Ann, “The Relationship of Parental Involvement and Reading Achievement
of Ninth-Grade Students” (2018). Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies. 5222.

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS

Mladenka Vukojević, Ana Zovko, Ivana Talić, Merima Tanović, Biserka Rešić, Ivana Vrdoljak, Bruno
Splavski 2017, Parental socioeconomic status is a multidimensional concept of special importance for
the growth, development, health outcomes and education of children. Its definition generally refers to
the amount of parents ‘income, their employment status and level of education. Hence, lack of
economic resources and poverty of parents affect all aspects of the child‘s life, health outcomes and
education, as well as his/her social inclusion. Accordingly, the consequences of a reduced parental
socioeconomic status leave long-term effects on their children.

Mladenka Vukojević, Ana Zovko, Ivana Talić, Merima Tanović, Biserka Rešić, Ivana Vrdoljak, Bruno
Splavski 2017,Parental socioeconomic status as a predictor of physical and mental health outcomes in
children–literature review Mladenka. Acta Clinica Croatica 56 (4.), 742-748, 2017.

Faith Comeau 2021, Home Literacy Environment (HLE) includes all aspects of the child’s environment
provided by the parents/guardians that would facilitate the child’s acquisition of reading skills. Despite
knowing that children with enriched HLEs achieve greater levels of reading proficiency, the potential
influence of HLE remains overlooked. Another factor that is thought to influence the reading skills of
children is their parent’s level of educational attainment and occupational status

Faith Comeau 2021, The Role of Home Literacy Environment and Parental Education in Reading Skill
Development Among Grade Two and Three Children

Haddabi Abubakar & Usman Musa, (2019), The first hypothesis stated

That there is no significant relationship between parents income and academic performance of students
in Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola. The study revealed that there was no significant relationship
between parents’ income and academic performance of students in Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola
Adamawa State, Nigeria.

Haddabi Abubakar & Usman Musa, (2019), Relationship Between Parents’ Occupational Status and
Academic Performance of Students in Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
International Journal of Scientific Research in Educational Studies & Social Development p-ISSN: 2579-
1052 | e-ISSN: 2579-1060 Volume 3 Number 1 July, 2019