Lesson 02

PRO-MAN
(PAGKAMAKA-TAO)

Created by: ____________ Present by: ___________________

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons. A.Y. 2022-2023
 OLVE
*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 EEDMROF
*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 ECPAE
*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 ECITJSU
*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 UTTRHT
*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
  The universal values related to these are
love, freedom, peace, truth and justice

 Though we cannot really define love the

way that would be universally
acceptable to everyone, we know what
is not love

 Typically, love is an intense feeling of

deep affection to something or someone
*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
  Freedom refers to the power or right
to act, speak or think as one wants
without hindrance or restraint from
anything or anyone.

 In article 3 of the 1987 constitutions,

the following Bill of Rights is
articulated:

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 1
Right to Life, Liberty and Property

Judgement will only be rendered after trial. If a person will be deprived of his life, liberty and property, there must be
.a due process

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
  Due process here denotes a trial or a
hearing that measures that argument
for or against a certain issue (issues
about life, liberty or even property).
 Without being drawn to the mundane
legalese lingua franca, it is sufficient
to say that before a person is
deprived of life, liberty or property, a
trial must first be staged.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 2
Right against unreasonable searches and seizures.
No person can be arrested without a warrant of arrest and no search of his person or property could be conducted without a search warrant.

Typically, there is an exemption- for a warrant of arrest an exemption would be in fraglante delecto (or caught in the act), an escaped prisoner personal
.knowledge of an arresting officer and if there is continuing crime being committed by the alleged perpetrator

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 3
Right to privacy
During the 2004 presidential elections, a wiretapped conversation between former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and a Comelec
Commissioner, long in their conversation was about cheating, massive cheating. The former president apologized but the cloud of suspicion was
.already up on her next term of presidency. Ironically the president claimed her right to privacy as a defense against the wiretapped material

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 4 
Freedom of speech, of expression and of the press.
Every Filipinos is free to say whatever, to express it in any manner and the press is free as well in its job of reporting
events in anu manner it sees fit. Such could be challenged, but one must go to the process and procedure of the court.
.If there is an abuse, anyone could to go to the court and file appropriate charges (libel cases)

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 5
Religious freedom
Everyone is free to pick any religion and it is unconstitutional to legislate automatic membership to any religion or to declare a certain religion
as illegal. The state will not endorse an official religion.

.The right to believe is absolute

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 6
Liberty of abode and travel
 
When Andres Bonifacio and his Katipuneros declared freedom and independence from the yoke of the Spanish Colonizer, the first act of defiance they made was to
.tear their individual "cedulas" because during that era, Filipinos were only allowed to travel if they have individual "ceduals" permitting them to travel
 
.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Cedulas nowadays, are used in contracts and affidavits and if you want to go
to any part of the Philippines, no permit is necessary as long as you could
afford the cost of travel. Exceptions here are bracketed under national
security, public safety and/or public health

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
  Section 7
Right to information on matters of public concern
 
The right of the people to information on matters of public concern shall be recognized. Access to official records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to official
acts, transitions, or decisions, as well as to government research data used as basis for policy development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to such limitations
as may be provided by law.
 

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 8
Right to unionize, to form association
The right of the people, including those employed in the public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies
for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged.
Fraternities and sororities are not illegal, what is illegal is hazing that is usully pre-requisite in joining a fraternity or a sorority.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
  
Section 9
Right to private property
 
As long as such property is not stolen or acquired through illegal means, everyone is free to own properties. Private property shall Not be taken for public use
without just compensation.
 

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 10
Non-impairment of the obligation of contract This simply refers to anything that diminishes the efficacy of the contract is prohibited.
 
Section 11
Free to access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies
 
Everyone is free to attend and witness court trials.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 12
Rights of person under investigation
 
Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to remain silent and to have competent and
independent counsel preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot afford the services of a counsel, he/she must be provided with one.
These rights cannot be waived except in writing and in the presence of counsel.
 

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 No torture, force, violence threat, intimidation or any other means which violate the free will shall be used against him.
Secret detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or other similar forms of detention are prohibited.

Any confession or admission obtained in violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be inadmissible in evidence against
him.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 13
Right to bail
 All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by Reclusion Perpetua when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before
conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may be provided by law.
The right to bail shall not be impaired even when privilege or the writ of habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 14
Right to due process of law in criminal cases
 
In criminal prosecutions, the accused shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by himself and counsel, to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation against him, to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses and the production of evidence in
his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial may proceed notwithstanding the absence of the accussed provided that he has been duly notified and failure to appear is unjustifiable.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 15
Privelege of the writ of habeas corpus
 Conceptually, writ of habeas corpus denotes a court order that requires producing the body. This means that when
one is charged in court, one must be bodily present hear the accusations and charges against himself. The privilege of
the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended except in cases of invasion or rebellion when the public safety
requires it.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 16
Speedy disposition of cases
 All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
 
Section 17
Right against self-incrimination
 No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
  
Section 18
Right against involuntary servitude
 Involuntary servitude is slavery and slavery in any decent, moral and ethical society is illegal. No person shall be detained solely by reason of
his political beliefs and aspiration and no involuntary servitude in any form shall exist except as a punishment for a crime whereof the party
shall have been dully convicted.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 19
Right against cruel, degrading and inhuman punishment
 Excessive fines shall not be imposed nor cruel degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted. Neither shall death penalty be imposed, unless
compelling reasons involving heinous crimes, the Congress shall hereafter provide for it. Any death penalty already imposed shall be
reduced to Reclusion Perpetua ( life imprisonment).

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
  
Section 20
Non-imprisonment for debt
 
During the middle ages, people who owed money were put to prison because they owed money. But the 1987 constitution declared that "no
person shall be imprisoned for debt..."

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 21
Right against double jeopardy
No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by law and an
ordinance, conviction or acquitted under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 Section 22
Ex post facto law and bill of attainder
Ex post facto law refers to a law enacted that aggravates the penalty for a certain offense.
 
Bill of attainder refers to a punishment without a judicial trial.

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.
 THANK YOU
AND
GOD BLESS!

*Information & Images taken from various sites on the internet and is under OER Commons.