ARTICLE III: BILL OF RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS - These are rights inherent to all
human beings, whatever our nationality, place of
residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour,
religion, language, or any other status. We are all
equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. These rights are all interrelated,
interdependent and indivisible.
Indivisible - cannot be divided or separated
BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS
• Universal human rights are often expressed
and guaranteed by law, in the forms of treaties,
customary international law, general principles
and other sources of international law.
International human rights law lays down
obligations of Governments to act in certain
ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to
promote and protect human rights and
fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups
• Universal and inalienable (or cannot be taken or
given away)
• The principle of universality of human rights is
the cornerstone of international human rights
law. This principle, as first emphasized in the
Universal Declaration on Human Rights in
1948, has been reiterated in numerous
international human rights conventions,
declarations, and resolutions. The 1993 Vienna
World Conference on Human Rights, for
example, noted that it is the duty of States to
promote and protect all human rights and
fundamental freedoms, regardless of their
political, economic and cultural systems
ARTICLE III: BILL OF RIGHTS
➢ Declaration of rights
➢ Lists the important rights to the CITIZENS of a
country
➢ The Constitution guarantees these rights, and
ensures these rights are protected agains
infringement (violation)
➢ The Philippine Constitution lists 22 Sections
Article III: Bill of Rights (excerpts)
Principles
SEC. 1.
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process of law, nor shall any
person be denied the equal protection of the laws.
SEC. 2.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable
searches and seizures of whatever nature and for
any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search
warrant or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon
probable cause to be determined personally by the
judge after examination under oath or affirmation of
the complainant and the witnesses he may produce,
and particularly describing the place to be searched
and the persons or things to be seized.
SEC. 3.
(1) The privacy of communication and
correspondence shall be inviolable except upon
lawful order of the court, or when public safety or
order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or the
preceding section shall be inadmissible for any
purpose in any proceeding.
SEC. 4.
No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of
speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of
the people peaceably to assemble and petition the
Government for redress of grievances.
SEC. 5.
No law shall be made respecting an establishment
of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.
The free exercise and enjoyment of religious
profession and worship, without discrimination or
preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious
test shall be required for the exercise of civil or
political rights.
SEC. 6.
The liberty of abode and of changing the same within
the limits prescribed by law shall not be impaired
except upon lawful order of the court. Neither shall
the right to travel be impaired except in the interest
of national security, public safety, or public health,
as may be provided by law.
SEC. 7.
The right of the people to information on matters of
public concern shall be recognized. Access to official
records, and to documents, and papers pertaining to
official acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
government research data used as basis for policy
development, shall be afforded the citizen, subject to
such limitations as may be provided by law.
SEC. 8.
The right of the people, including those employed in
the public and private sectors, to form unions,
associations, or societies for purposes not contrary
to law shall not be abridged.
SEC. 9.
Private property shall not be taken for public use
without just compensation.
SEC. 10.
Any person under investigation for the commission
of an offense shall have the right to be informed on
his right to remain silent and to have competent and
independent counsel preferable of his own choice. If
the person cannot afford the services of counsel, he
must be provided with one.
The Bill of Rights is a list of the most important rights
to the citizens of a country. But who are the citizens
of the Philippines?
ARTICLE IV: THE FILIPINO CITIZEN AND
SOCIETY
ARTICLE IV: CITIZENSHIP
SECTION 1. The following are citizens of the
Philippines:
(1) Those who are citizens of the Philippines at the
time of the adoption of this Constitution;
(2) Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of
the Philippines;
(3) Those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino
mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon
reaching the age of majority; and
(4) Those who are naturalized in accordance with
law
SECTION 2. Natural born citizens are those who are
citizens of the Philippines from birth without having
to perform any act to acquire or perfect their
Philippine citizenship. Those who elect Philippine
citizenship in accordance with paragraph (3),
Section 1 hereof shall be deemed natural born
citizens
SECTION 3. Philippine citizenship may be lost or
reacquired in the manner provided by law.
SECTION 4. Citizens of the Philippines who marry
aliens shall retain their citizenship, unless by their
act or omission they are deemed, under the law, to
have renounced it SECTION 5. Dual allegiance of
citizens is inimical to the national interest and shall
be dealt with by law . (inimical harmful)
Being a Filipino citizen entails duties and
obligations.
Hereunder are the important duties and obligations
of every citizen in a democratic society:
1. To be loyal to the Republic
2. To defend the State
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of
the State
4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws
5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities
6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due regard
for the rights of others
7. To engage in gainful work
8. To register and vote
How can we become Good Citizens?
We can become good citizens by living in
accordance with good citizenship values which we
can derive from the preamble of the Constitution:
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the
aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society and establish a Government
that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve and
 develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves • The heraldic items and devices shall seek to
and our posterity the blessings of independence manifest the national virtues and to inculcate in
and democracy, under the rule of Law and a the minds and hearts of our people a just pride
regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, in their native land,
and peace, do ordain and promulgate this • fitting respect and affection for the national flag
Constitution and anthem, and the proper use of the national
motto,
• coat of arms and other heraldic items and
The Good Citizenship Values of the Filipino devices.
People • Approved in February 12, 1998
The Filipino people possess certain values, shared Highlights of the Code • Prohibitions
perceptions on what we hold dear, what we regard
as important to us. These 16 values are enshrined • Design of the National Flag
in the Preamble: • Hoisting and Display
• Conduct of Flag Raising • The National Anthem
Unity Work Faith in Almight God Ceremony • The National Motto
• Half Mast • The National Coat-of-
Truth Freedom Promotion of the common good
• Casket Arms
Justice Love Respect for law and government • Pledge to the Flag • The Great Seal
• Flag Days • Penalties
Patriotism Order Concern for the environment
• Specification of the National
Peace Equality Respect for life Flag
Concern for the family and future generations Burning of the Philippine Flag

• worn out flags shall not be thrown away but shall

Filipino Values
For an adult, his basic values can be seen in outward
manifestations and decision making.
Every Filipino child needs to be helped to form his
own values consistent with basic Filipino values to
grow up to be:
MAKA DIYOS MAKA BAYAN
MAKA TAO MAKA KALIKASAN
RA 8491: FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE
• RA 8491, an act prescribing the Code of the
National Flag, Anthem, Motto, Coat-of-Arms and
other Heraldic Items and devices of the
Philippines
• Declaration of policy. Reverence and respect
shall at all times be accorded the flag,
anthem, and other national symbols which
embody the national ideals and traditions and
which express the principles of sovereignty and
national solidarity.
be solemnly burned to avoid misuse or
desecration.
• “the disposal of worn out Philippine flags is
preferably held in conjunction with the flag
lowering ceremony.”
• The worn-out flag is lowered from the pole,
folded, and placed on a table beside the flagpole.
Patriotic songs are played to set the appropriate
mood for the ceremony. A guest speaker then
talks about the significance of the rites. A lady
official should be present during the ceremony,
and stands not far from the burning flags. She
represents Inang
• Bayan (Motherland), and her presence serves as
a reminder that a woman made the first Filipino
flag.
• The flags to be burned are handed first to the
lady official, then to the guest of honor who
prepares the flag for burning.
• After the burning, the ashes are then placed in
an urn, which is laid to rest in a burial ground at
least 1.5 feet deep.
Trivia:

• Pambansang Watawat
• The first Philippine flag was conceptualized by
Emilio Aguinaldo during his exile in Hong Kong
in 1897
• First flag was sewn by Marcela Agoncillo with the
help of her daughters
• Formally unfurled during the proclamation of
Independence on June 12, 1898 in Kawit,
Cavite. But there was a claim and record that it
was first raised on May 28, 1898 also in Cavite.
This first flag is being preserved at the Aguinaldo
Museum in Baguio City.
• Emilio Aguinaldo presented the flag’s symbolism
during the Malolos Congress
Coat of Arms/ The Great Seal