AP
Thus, no
HUMAN RIGHTS
 inherent to all human beings,
regardless of race, sex, nationality,
ethnicity, language, religion, or any
other status
 include the right to life and liberty,
freedom from slavery and torture,
freedom of opinion and expression,
the right to work and education, and
many more
KINDS OF RIGHTS
INNATE OR NATURAL RIGHTS
 John Locke, a famous English
Philosopher stated that “all
individuals are equal in the sense that
they are born with certain
"inalienable" natural rights.”
Natural Rights:
 Life and Liberty
 Property and ownership
 Free will and choice
 Independent thought and speech
 Socialization and relationships
 Personal beliefs and values
RIGHTS MANDATED BY LAW
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS
 Mandated, granted and protected by
the Constitution.
 Outlined in a Constitution’s Bill of
Rights
 May be amended, change
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE FILIPINO
CITIZENS
1. DUE PROCESS
 Law that hears before it condemns
 This clause in our fundamental
charter means that no person shall be
deprived of his life, liberty or
property unless due process is
observed.
2. EQUAL PROTECTION BY THE LAW
 This refers to equality in the
enjoyment of similar rights and
privileges granted by law.
reason shall be deprived of the same
protection of laws enjoyed by other
persons in the same place and in
similar circumstance.
3. RIGHT AGAINST SUSTAINABLE
SEARCHES AND SEIZURES
 The right of the people to be secure in
their persons, houses, papers and
effects against unreasonable searches
and seizures of whatever nature and
for any purpose should be inviolable
and that no search warrant or
warrant of arrest shall be issued
except upon probable cause to be
determined personally by judge after
examination under oath or
affirmation of the complainant and
the witnesses he may produce, and
particularly describing the place to be
searched and the persons or things to
be seized (Sec. 2, Article 3)
 however, instances when search and
seizure may be done without warrant
(De Leon, 2003). When there is a
waiver or consent, a search and
seizure can be still considered legal. A
warrantless arrest, however, may be
made by either private citizens or
police officers when the person to be
arrested is a prisoner who escaped
from prison or person to be arrested
has committed, is actually committing
or is attempting to commit an offense.
4. FREEDOM OF SPEECH
 No law shall be passed abridging the
freedom of speech, of expression, or
of press, or the right of the people to
peaceably assemble and petition the
government for redress of grievances
(Sec.4, Article III).
 This is however limited
 the state can punish a person for
speech encouraging people to
engage in illegal action or become
disloyal to the State even if the
danger is quite remote
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  government can punish a person for
speech that presents a clear and
present a danger leading to illegal
acts
STATUTORY RIGHTS
 These are rights provided by the law –
making body of a country or by law,
such as the right to receive a
minimum wage and the right to
preliminary investigation. Ratified
and approved by the Congress or law
makers.
 Legal rights
 Bill and readings
CATEGORIES OF RIGHTS ACCORDING TO
LAW
1. CIVIL RIGHTS
 These are the rights specified under
the Bill of Rights, such as the freedom
of speech, right to information. They
are the rights enjoyed by an
individual by virtue of his citizenship
in a shape or community.
2. ECONOMIC RIGHTS
 These are rights to property, whether
personal, real or intellectual. Some
examples of these rights include the
following: right to use and dispose of
his property, right to practice one’s
profession, and the right to make a
living
3. SOCIAL OR CULTURAL RIGHTS
 Freedom to participate in living out
one’s belief
 Includes the right to establish or join
any organization and our right to
marry.
 Forcibly evicting people from
their homes (the right to adequate
housing)
 Contaminating water, for
example, with waste from State-
owned facilities (the right to
health)
 Failure to ensure a minimum
wage sufficient for a decent living
(rights at work)
 Failure to prevent starvation in all
areas and communities in the
country (freedom from hunger)
 Denying access to information and
services related to sexual and
reproductive health (the right to
health)
 Systematically segregating
children with disabilities from
mainstream schools (the right to
education)
 Failure to prevent employers from
discriminating in recruitment
(right to work)
 Failure to provide for a
reasonable limitation of working
hours in the public and private
sector (rights at work)
4. POLITICAL RIGHTS
 These are rights an individual enjoys
as a consequence of being a member
of a body politic. Some examples of
political rights are the following: right
to vote, right to be voted into public
office
 Right to vote
 Right to be elected
 Right to petition
 Right to form political parties
 Right to criticize
RIGHTS OF THE FILIPINO YOUTH
 The State recognizes the vital role of
the youth in nation-building and shall
promote and protect their physical,
moral, spiritual, intellectual, and
social well-being. It shall inculcate in
the youth patriotism and nationalism,
and encourage their involvement in
public and civic affairs
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
FORMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
 Physical
 Psychological or emotional
 Structural or systematic
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Caucal
oids
Mongo Negroids
loids
Austrol
oids
WHO VIOLATES HUMAN RIGHTS
 Parents and elderly
 Relatives, friends, and other persons
around
 Government leaders, officials and
employees
 Criminals
 Terrorists and organizations against
countries
*Norms- standard of society
*Deviance- when you violated norms
-You are deviant when you go
against norms
*Machismo- strong pride or ego of men
-Hindrance of feminism
*Tabu Larasa- Blank Slate
*Writ of Habeas Corpus- right to trial
WAVES OF FEMINISM
 right to vote
 work (fail)
 equality in working conditions
 discrimination and harassment
Protection of Women’s Rights (Article XIII,
Section 14)
“The State shall protect working women by
providing safe and healthful working
conditions, taking into account their maternal
functions and such facilities and
opportunities that will enhance their welfare
and enable them to realize their full potential
in the service of the nation.”
Protecting the Rights of Indigenous People
(Article II, Section 22)
“The State recognizes and promotes the
rights of indigenous cultural communities
within the framework of national unity and
development.”
Protection of Workers Rights (Article II,
Section 9)
“The state shall promote a just and dynamic
social order that will ensure the prosperity
and independence of the nation and free the
people from poverty through policies that
provide adequate social services, promote full
employment, a rising standard of living and
an improved quality of life for all.”
*Philippine Constitution- foundation and
primary law
*Article 3- bill of rights
*Indigenous people- people living out as a
community
*Universal Declaration of Human Rights
(UDHR)- promoted equalities of all citizens
and ban forms of discrimination
Privilege- special consideration bestowed on
a particular person/ group
*Child and Youth Welfare Code- created to
protect the rights of the children
PROSTITUTION
 associated with works like pleasure,
hostess, sex worker, GRO or escort
service
 simple use of a person’s body to earn
money
“Our laws prohibit prostitutions. According to
Anti- Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003,
anyone who participates in prostitution may
be punished up to lifetime imprisonment.”
REASONS WHY PEOPLE ENGAGE IN
PROSTITUTION
 easy money
 business- like
 culture of abuse
 way out of poverty
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CAUSES OF PROSTITUTION
 Poverty
 Lack of job opportunities
 Physical or sexual abuse
 Vices
 Peer Pressure
Other related causes
 Came from a dysfunctional family
 Duped by recruiters
 Pornography
 Tourism that exploit women
HARMFUL EFFECTS
 Sexual violence and physical abuse
 STD’s
 Psychological and mental disorder
 High risk of murder
RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS
 Punishing the wrongdoers
 Legalizing prostitution
GENDER EQUALITY
“Achieving gender equality requires the
engagement of women and men girls and
boys. It is everyone’s responsibility.”
*Patriarchal Society- men over women
SEX
 Natural or biological characteristics of
a person either as male or female
XX (women) XY (men)
GENDER
 Cultural meanings attached to being
masculine and feminine which
influence personal identities.
GENDER STEREOTYPING
 Refers to the practice of ascribing to
an individual woman or man specific
attributes, characteristics, or roles by
reason only of her or his membership
in the social group of women or men.
GENDER DISCRIMINATION IN DIFFERENT
INSTITUTIONS
IN RELIGION
 There is no ordination of women to
higher positions in a certain religion
IN GOVERNMENT
 In several parts of the world, men still
hold higher positions of authority and
power in society
 Women and homosexuals receive
limited social services
IN EDUCATION
 Gender biases and stereotypes are
still in the curricula, instructional
methods, materials and learning
media
AT WORK
 Men are given higher positions and
higher salaries
 Women are relegated to lower
positions and given lower salaries
IN FAMILY
 Under the family code, the father is
considered as the head of the family
GENDER IDENTITY
 Perceived or believed gender of a
person, whether or not is congruent
to his or her biological sex
SEXUALITY
 Sexual identity, experiences and
attraction of a person
 Refers to your total self
COMPONENTS OF TOTAL SELF
PHYSICAL SELF
 the way you look as a man or woman
MENTAL SELF
 the way you think as a man/woman
SOCIAL SELF
 the way you interact with others
EMOTIONAL SELF
 the way you feel about yourself and
others
ETHICAL SELF
 the way you value your relationships
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEXUALITY 2. Problem of Unwanted Pregnancy
HETEROSEXUALITY Worldwide
 sexually attracted to opposite sex
3. The issue of Abortion
HOMOSEXUALITY  The state recognizes the sanctity of
 sexually attracted to people of their family life and shall protect and
own sex strengthen the family as a basic
autonomous social institution. It shall
BISEXUAL equally protect the life of the mother
 sexually attracted to both men and and the life of the unborn from
women conception. The natural and primary
right and duty off parents in the
TRANSGENDER rearing of the youth for civic
 people who are born with typical efficiency and the development of
male or female anatomies but feel as moral character shall receive the
though they’ve been born into the support of the Government (Article II,
“wrong body” Section 12)
 Sexual Reconstruction
4. The influence of the Catholic church on the
ASEXUAL issue of Abortion
 no attraction
 Platonic 5. The role of the government in abortion

PANSEXUAL GENDER SYMBOLS

 attracted to all MALE

*Hermaphrodite or intersex- people with

more than one sex (Rare case)

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LAW FEMALE

 Known as the Responsible
Parenthood and Reproductive Health
Act of 2012
 Republic Act 10354
 This law aims to promote the HETEROSEXUAL
different forms of contraception,
sexual education, and maternal care
in the whole country

Some Analyses of Issues Related to the

Reproductive Health Law BISEXUAL

1. Preventing Pregnancy
 The distribution and receiving of free
forms of birth control
 Cultural hindrances to birth control
 Safe abortion for cases of unwanted
pregnancy

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 ASEXUAL

GENDER EQUALITY

TRANSGENDER

GAY

LESBIAN

PANSEXUAL

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