a) Write an equation to represent the first law of thermodynamics.

State the meaning of

EACH symbol used.
[2 marks]

b) Table 2 shows the variation of pressure, P, and volume, V, for a fixed mass of an
ideal gas as it expands in a cylinder. The temperature of the gas is fixed at 300 K.

TABLE 2: VARIATION OF PRESSURE AND VOLUME

(i) On the grid provided in, plot a graph of pressure, P, against volume, V. [4 marks]
(ii) Use the graph, determine the work done by the gas during expansion. [3 marks]

c) Use the ideal gas equation to determine the number of moles of gas present
[3 marks]
d) Comment on the change in the internal energy of the gas. [2 marks]

e) Determine the quantity of heat that is absorbed by the gas during expansion.
[2 marks]

2. The diagram below shows a quantity of gas in a cylinder with a piston in thermal
equilibrium at a temperature of 305 K. The initial volume of gas in the container was
2.80 x 10-4 m3 and its pressure was 1.03 x 105Pa.

a) Use the equation of state for an ideal gas to determine the number of moles of the
gas in the cylinder. [3 marks]
b) The gas is then compressed adiabatically to 3.4 x 10 -5 m3 and its temperature rises
to 795 K. explain this rise in temperature

i. On a macroscopic scale, using the first law of thermodynamics. [3 marks]

ii. On a macroscopic scale, using the kinetic theory of gases. [3 marks]

c) Calculate the pressure of the gas after compression in (b) [2 marks]

d) The work done on the gas during the compression is 85J. Use the first law of
thermodynamics to determine the increase in the thermal energy of the gas
during compression. [1 marks]

e) Rather than compression the gas as in (b), the same mass of the same gas is
heated in the same cylinder at constant volume, starting with the same initial
conditions.
Determine its molar heat capacity, Cv , if the heat supplied is 85J and its final
temperature is 795K. [3 marks]