LIMITS 1

EXERCISE - 1 : BASIC OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Factorization
x2  3
Sol. Lim
x3  8 x 3 x 2  3 3 x  12
1. lim is
x 2 x2  4

3  Lim
x  3 x  3
(a) 3 (b) x 3  x  3   x  4 3 
2
(c) 1 (d) 0
Ans. (a) 3 3 2 3 2
  
34 3 5 3 5
x 8 3  x  2  x2  2 x  4
Sol. Lim  Lim 1  x 2/3
x 2 x 2  4 x 2  x  2  x  2 4. lim
x 1 1  x 1/3

444 (a) 2 (b) 1


4 12
(c) (d) none of these
=3 3
Ans. (a)
x2 1  x 1
2. lim
x 1 x2 1  x 2 / 3
Sol. Lim
x 1 1  x 1/ 3
1
(a) (b) 2 1
2
 Lim
1  x 1  x 
1/ 3 1/ 3

1
(c) 1 (d) 1 
2
x 1
1  x  1/ 3

Ans. (d) =1+1=2

x2  1  x  1 5. lim
 
x  1  2x  3
is equal to
Sol. Lim 2
x 1 x2  1
x 1 2x  x  3

1 1
x 1 x 1  x 1 (a) (b)
 Lim 10 10
x 1 x 1 x 1
(c) 1 (d) None of these
Ans. (b)
 Lim
x 1  
x 1 1 2 1
 1
1
x 1 x 1 x  1 2 2
Sol. Lim
 
x  1  2 x  3
x 1 2
2x  x  3
x2  3
3. lim
x 2  3 3x  12
x 3

 Lim
 
x  1  2 x  3
 Lim
 
x  1  2 x  3

1 2 x 1  2 x  3  x  1 x 1  2 x  3  x 1 x 1 
(a) (b)
5 5
2x  3 1
3 3  Lim 
(c) (d)
5
x 1  2 x  3  x 1  10
5
Ans. (b)
 2 LIMITS

Rationalization
1 1
(c) (d)
2 x 3 4a a  b b ba
6. The value of lim 2 is
x 7 x  49 Ans. (b)
(a) 2/9 (b) -2/49
xa  ba
(c) 1/56 (d) -1/56 Sol. Lim
x b x2  b2
Ans. (d)
xa  ba xa  ba
2 x 3  Lim 
Sol. Lim x b 2
x b 2 xa  ba
x 7 x 2  49
x  a b  a
2 x 3 2 x3  Lim
 Lim
x 7 2 x3

x 2  49
x b
x 2
b 2
 xa  ba 
4 x3 1 x b 1
 Lim   Lim 
2
x 7 x  49 2 x 3 x b  x  b  x  b  xa  ba  4b b  a

  x  7 1
 Lim  1 2  x  3
x 7  x  7  x  7 2 x 3 9. lim
x2 x2
1 1
  1 1
14   2  2  56 (a) (b)
8 3 3

x2 1 1 (c) 8 3 (d) 3
7. lim
x 0 2
x 9 3 Ans. (a)
(a) 3 (b) 4
1 2  x  3
(c) 1 (d) 2 Sol. Lim
x 2 x2
Ans. (a)
1 2  x  3 1 2  x  3
x2  1  1  Lim 
Sol. Lim x 2 x2 1 2  x  3
x 0 x2  9  3

1 2  x  3
 x 2  1  1  x 2  1  1  x 2  9  3   Lim
 Lim 
x 0 

2 


 2
 
 
  2



x 2
 x  2  1 2 x  3 
 x  1  1 .  x  9  3   x  9  3 
     
 Lim
 2 x 2  
2 x 2

x2  1  1
 x2  9  3 
 
x 2
 x  2  1 2 x  3  2 x 2
 Lim  
x 0 x2  9  9 x2  1  1
 2  x  4
 Lim

33
11
3
x 2
 x  2  1 2 x  3  2 x 2 
x a  ba 1
lim 
8. x b x 2  b2  1 2  3   2  2
1 1 1
(a) (b) 
4b a  b 4b b  a 8 3
 LIMITS 3

Exponential & Logarithmic

3x  2 x
13. lim is equal to
x  0 4 x  3x
etan x  e x
10. Limit 
x 0 tan x  x (a) 1 (b) –1
(a) 1/2 (b) 0 (c) 0 (d) none of these
(c) 1 (d) none Ans. (d)
Ans. (c)
  3 x 
etan x
e x Lim 2 x     1 
Sol. Lim 3x  2 x x0   2  

x 0 tan x  x Sol. Lim 
x 0 4 x  3 x   4 x 
Lim 3x     1
 e tan x  x  1  x 0  3  
 Lim e x    
x 0
 tan x  x 
=1   3 x 
   1
3x  1 x  2  
11. lim is equal to Lim 2
x 0 x  1 1 x 0  x 
 
(a) loge 9 (b) loge 3 
 

 4  x 
(c) 0 (d) 1
    1
Ans. (a) 3
Lim 3x    
x 0  x 
3x  1 x 1 1  
Sol. Lim   
x 0 x  1 1 x 1 1

 3x  1  3
 Lim   . Lim
x 0  x  x 0
 x 1 1  log e
2
  
4
log e
 2ln 3  2 log e 3  log e 9 3

41/ n  1 3
12. lim is equal to  log 4
n  31/ n  1 2
3
(a) log4 3 (b) 1
(c) log3 4 (d) none of these  x 3 
14. The value of l im  l og a  is
x 3  x  6  3 
Ans. (c) 
1 (a) loga6 (b) loga3
4n 1 (c) loga2 (d) None of these
Sol. Lim
n 1
Ans. (a)
3n 1
 x 3 x  6  3
1 Sol. Lim log a  
Let n   n    x  0 x 3  x6 3 x  6  3 
x

4x 1
Lim

 Lim  log a

 x  3 x  6  3  
x
4  1 x0 x log e 4 x 3  x3 
 Lim    
x x
x 0 3  1 3  1 log e 3
Lim
x 0 x  log a 6

 log3 4
 4 LIMITS

ex
2  ax  b
1 (2  x) 40 (4  x)5
18. lim
15. If , are the roots of x – ax + b = 0, then lim
2
x  (2  x) 45
x  x 
is (a) –1 (b) 1
(a) –  (b) –  (c) 16 (d) 32
(c) 2 (d) 2 Ans. (a)
Ans. (b)
40 5
Sol.  ,  are roots of x2 – ax + b = 0 Lim
 2  x 4  x
Sol.
x2 – ax + b = (x – ) (x – )
x   2  x 45
2  ax b
e    1
x  x 40 5
ex 1 2  4 
Lim  Lim x    x 45   1   1
x  x  x   x     x    x  x 
 Lim
x  45
2 
=  x 45   1
x 
2x  1
lim
16. x 0 1
1  x  2  1
=

1 1  1
 1
(a) log2 (b) log4
(c) log 2 (d) None of these Limit
 n + 2 !   n +1! ,
19. nN=
Ans. (b)
n   n  3 !
(a) 0 (b) 1
2x  1
Sol. Lim (c) 2 (d) –1
x 0 1
1  x  2 1 Ans. (a)

 n  2 !   n  1!
2x 1 1 x 1 Sol. Lim
 Lim  n  n  3 !
x 0 1  x 1 1 x 1

 n  2   n  1!   n  1!
 Lim
 2  1 x
1 x 1   Lim
n   n  3  n  2   n  1 !
x 0 x
n3
 2.log e 2  log e 4  Lim 0
n     n  2
n  3
Limit tending to 
 1 2 n 
 x  1 3x  4  20. l im    ...   is equal to
17. The value of xlim
 x 2  x  8 is equal to n   1 n

2
1 n 2
1 n 2 

(a) 0 (b) – 1/2

(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 1/2 (d) None of these
(c) 1 (d) 0
Ans. (b)
Ans. (d)
 1 2 n
 x  1  3x  4  Sol. lim    ....  
Sol. Lim n  1  n 2 1 n 2
1 n  2
x  x 2  x  8

Degree of Dr > Degree of Nr  1  2  3  ........  n 

 Lim  
n   1  n2 
 x  1  3x  4 
 Lim 0
x  x 2  x  8
 LIMITS 5

 1   3 n  4 n 
n 2 1  
n  n  1
 n 1 5n  5       
 Lim  Lim   5   5  
n  2 1  n 2

n  1  
2n 2  2  1 
2  Lim
n  n
2 5 
n
n  9n  27       
  9   9  
1  2  3  ...  n
21. The value of lim is equal
n  n 2  100 n
5
(a)  (b) 1/2  Lim    0
n  9 
(c) 2 (d) 0
1 1 1
Ans. (b) log 5 (    ...to n terms)
4 8 16
24. lim (0.2) is equal to
n 
1  2  3  ...  n
Sol. Lim (a) 2 (b) 4
n n2  100
(c) 8 (d) 0
Ans. (b)
 1
n2 1  
n  n  1  n 1 1 1
 Lim  Lim Sol.  Lim     ..... is infinite G.P..
n  2 n 2  100
 n   
100 
2n 2  1  2  n 4 8 16
 n 
1
1 1 1 1
1     .....  4 
 4 8 16 1 2
2 1
2
1 1 1 1
22. lim    ...  n equals
n  2 2 2 23 2 1 1 1 
Now Lim  0.2  log 5  4  8  16  .... 
(a) 2 (b) -1
n  
(c) 1 (d) 3 1 1
 log 1
Ans. (c) 5  5  2 
2

1 1 1 1 
Sol. Lim     .....   2 1
2 3
n  2 2 2 2n   5 log 5  
2
(Sum of infinite G.P.)
2
1 1
  4
2 2
 1
1
1
2 25. lim 3x  9x 2  x
x 

5n 1  3n  22n 1 1
23. Limit  (a) (b)
n  5n  2n  32n 3 3 6
(a) 5 (b) 3 1 1
(c) 1 (d) zero (c)  (d) 
6 3
Ans. (d) Ans. (b)
n 1 n 2n
5 3 2
Sol. Lim
n n 2 n 3 Sol. Lim  3x  9 x 2  x 
n 5 2 3 x   

 3x  9 x 2  x   3 x  9 x2  x 
  
 Lim   
x   3x  9 x 2  x 
 
 
 6 LIMITS

9 x2  9 x2  x 1
 Lim  lim 1  x  .
x  3x  9 x 2  x x 1  
tan  1  x  
2 
x
 Lim 
x  1 1  x 
3x  | x | 9  2 2
x  lim .
x 1    
tan  1  x  
 x is negative |x| = – x 2 
x
 Lim 2
x  1 
3x  x 9  
x
x  sin x
1 x 28. lim
 Lim  x  x  cos 2 x
x   1  6
x3  9   (a) 0 (b) 
 x 
 (c) 1 (d) none of these
Trigonometric Limit Ans. (c)

2sin 2 3x x  sin x
26. lim 2
 Sol. lim
x 0 x x  x  cos2 x
(a) 6 (b) 9
(c) 18 (d) 3 sin x
1
Ans. (c)  lim x
x  cos 2 x
2 1
2 sin 3 x x
Sol. lim
x 0 x2
 sin x   1, 1 and cos 2 x   0, 1
2
 sin 3 x 
lim 2   .9
x 0  3x  sin x cos 2 x
 lim  lim 0
x  x x  x
= 18

 x  1 0
27. lim (1  x) tan   
x 1  2  1 0
=1

(a) (b)  + 2
2 1
x 2 sin  
2 lim x
29.
(c) (d) none of these x 0 sin x

Ans. (c) (a) 1 (b) 0

x 1
lim 1  x  tan  (c) (d) none of these
Sol.  2
x 1  2 
Ans. (b)
 x
 lim 1  x  cot    x 1
x 1 2 2  Sol. lim . x sin  
x 0 sin x x
 LIMITS 7

1 y
 lim sin     1, 1 sin
x 0 x  lim .
1 2 .
y 0 2  y 2
= 1 × 0 × [-1, 1] = 0
2
30. lim (sec   tan ) 

 
2 
4
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) 2 32. lim (1  cos x) cot 2 x
x 1
Ans. (a)
1
Sol. lim  sec   tan   (a) –1 (b)
 2

2 (c) 1 (d) none of these
Ans. (b)
 1  sin  
 lim  
   cos  

Sol. lim 1  cos  x  cot 2  x
2 x 1

     x cos 2  x
sin 2  cos 2  2sin  cos  lim 2 cos 2 .
 lim 2 2 2 2 x 1 2 sin 2  x

  2 2 
 cos 2  sin 2 
2
  x cos 2  x
 lim 2 cos2 .
x 1 2 x x
4sin 2 . cos 2 .
2 2 2
  
 cos 2  sin 2 
 
 lim cos 2  x 1

         lim 
2 
cos  sin   cos  sin  x 1 2 x 2
 2 2 2 2 2sin
2

      
cos  sin 2  3 sin   h   cos   h  
 lim 2 2 0
6  6 
   33. lim 
 cos  sin
2 2 2
h 0

3h 3 cosh  sinh 
      (a) -2/3 (b) -3/4
31. lim x.cos   sin  
x   4x   4x  (c) -2 3 (d) 4/3

 Ans. (d)

(a) (b)
4 3
    
2  3 sin   h   cos   h  
(c)  (d) 0 6  6 
Sol. lim 
Ans. (a) h 0 
3 h 3 cosh  sinh 
   
Sol. lim x cos   sin  
x   4x   4x   1 3   3 1 
2  3  cos h  sin h    cos h  sin h  
 lim   2 2   2 2  
1
let x 
y
h 0 3h  3 cos h  sin h 
1 1  y   y   3 3 3 1 
 lim . . 2 cos   sin   2 cos h  sin h  cos h  sin h 
y 0 y 2  4   4   2 2 2 2 
 lim 
h 0 
3 h 3 cos h  sin h 
 8 LIMITS

4sin h 1 x
 lim . 2sin 2
1  cos x
h 0 h 3  3 cos h  sin h   lim
x 0 x sin x
 lim
x 0 x
2
x
2 x sin cos
2 2
4

3
x
sin
4   tan   sin    lim 2. 1 1
34. lim is x 0 x x 2
 0
1  cos 2 2 2
 2 cos
2

1 cos  sin x   cosx

(a) (b) 1/2 36. The value of Limit is equal to
2 x 0 x4
(c) 1 (d) 2 (a) 1/5 (b) 1/6
Ans. (b) (c) 1/4 (d) 1/2
4  tan   sin   Ans. (b)
Sol. lim
 0 1  cos 2 2 cos  sin x   cos x
Sol. lim
x 0 x4
4 .sin  . 1  cos  
 lim
 0 cos  .4sin 4   x  sin x   x  sin x 
2 sin 
2  sin  2 
 lim    
 1  cos   x 0 x 4
 lim .
 0 sin  sin 2 
2
 2  x  sin x   x  sin x 
 2sin   sin    x  sin x   x  sin x 
 2   2 .
 lim .
x 0 x  sin x x  sin x 4 x4
1  cos  2 2
 lim
 0 2
x  sin x x  sin x
 2 lim . lim
 
2 x 0 x x  0 4 x3
 
2sin 2 sin
 lim 2  lim 2  2  1
  .
 0 2  0    4  x 3 x5 
 x  x   .... 
 2   3! 5! 
 4. lim 
2 1
x 0 4 x3
 
4 2
 1 x2 
cos ecx  cot x x3   .....
35. lim is equal to
 4 lim  3! 5! 
x 0 x
x 0 4 x3
1
(a) (b) 1 1
2 
6
1
(c) (d) 1 1  cos x
2 37. lim is equal to
Ans. (c)
x 0 x (2 x  1)

cosec x-cot x 1 1
Sol. lim (a) log 2 e (b) log e 2
x0 x 2 2
(c) 1 (d) none of these
Ans. (a)
 LIMITS 9

1  cos x sin x
Sol. lim 
x 0
 x
x 2 1  x

(cos x  1) (cos x  e x )
1  cos x x 40. lim  finite non-zero, then n is
 lim . lim x 0 xn
x 0 x 2 x 0
 2  1
x
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
1 1 1
 .  log 2 e Ans. (c)
2 log e 2 2
 cos x  1  cos x  e x 
Limit

sin e x  2  1  Sol.
x 0
lim
xn
 finite  non  zero 
38.
x 2 l n  x 1

(a) 0 (b) – 1 1  cos x  1  cos x   cos x  e x 

  lim
(c) 2 (d) 1 x 0 1  cos x  . xn
Ans. (d)
2  1  cos x e x  1 
 sin x 
Sol. lim

sin e x  2  1   x 
 
.
 x

x 

1
x 2 ln  x  1   lim
n 3
.
x 0 x 1  cos x

 lim

sin e x 2  1 .e x2
1
.
x2 
1 Form
If limit is finite non-zero then n = 3.

x 2 e x2  1 x  2 ln 1   x  2  
41. lim (2  tan x)log tan x is equal to
x  / 4
=1
(a) 0 (b) 1
x x x  x 
39. The value of nlim cos   cos   cos   ...cos  n  is (c) e (d) e–1
 2
  4
  8
  2 
Ans. (b)
sinx log tan x
(a) 1 (b) Sol. lim  2  tan x 
x x

4
x
(c) (d) None of these lim
sin x 
x  2  tan x 1 . log tan x
Ans. (b)  e 4

Sol. Concept:
lim

n x  1 tan x  . log tan x
sin 2  4
cos  cos 2 cos 22  ...... n terms   e
2n sin 
lim log 1 tan x 1 
x  x  x  x  
lim cos   cos   cos   .....cos   x 1tan x .  tan x1
.  tan x1
n 2 4 8  2n  e 4

 x   lim
sin  2n. n  
x  1 tan x 2  e 0 1
 lim  2   lim sin x  e 4
n  x n x
2n sin sin
n
2 2n . x
x
2n
 10 LIMITS

1/ x
    x 1 
lim  1  .  x  2 
42. lim  tan   x   is equal to x    x 1 
x 0
  4   e
(a) 1 (b) e
2
  2 
(c) e (d) e–2   2 x  2   lim   2 x  1  
 x 
Ans. (d) lim    e x  
x   x 1    1 
 x  1 x  
1  e    
   x
Sol. lim  tan   x  
x 0  4   e2
5/ x
    1
lim  tan   x  1 .
45.
x 0 

Limit 1 tan 2 x  
 4   x
 e x0 5 2
(a) e (b) e
 1 tan x  1 (c) e (d) none
lim  1 .
 e x  0  1 tan x  x Ans. (a)
5

 e x0
 2 tan x
lim  
x
.
1
1 
tan x 
Sol.
x 0

lim 1  tan 2
x  x

= e-2

1/ x 2
lim
 ex0
 
1 tan2 x 1 .
5
x 
 1  5x 2 
43. lim   is equal to
x  0 1  3x 2
  2
 
lim  tan x  .5  e 5
(a) e (b) e1/2  x 
 e x0 
(c) e–2 (d) none of these 1/sin x
46. The limiting value of (cos x) as x  0 is
Ans. (d)
(a) 1 (b) e
1 (c) 0 (d) none
 1  5 x2  x2
Sol. lim   Ans. (a)
x 0  1  3 x 2 
 
1
Sol. lim  cos x  sin x
 1 5 x 2  1 x 0
lim  2
1  .
 x 2
1 3 x
 e x 0 
lim  cos x 1 . 1
 x
e 0 sin x
 2 x2  1
lim   e2
1 3 x 2  x 2 1 cos x  1 cos x 
 e x 0   lim
 e x 0 1 cos x  sin x
x2
 x 1 
44. lim   is equal to
x  x  1
  s in 2 x
 lim  e 0 1
 e x 0  s in x  1  c o s x 
(a) e (b) e–1
(c) e–2 (d) none of these cot x
Ans. (c) 47. The xlim
0
 cos x  is

x2 (a) - 1 (b) 0

 x 1 
Sol. lim   (c) 1 (d) None of these
x   x  1 
Ans. (c)
 LIMITS 11

cot x 1
Sol. lim  cos x 
x 0 h
ln L  lim (By L’ Hopital rule)
h0 cosech cot h
lim
 e x  0
cos x 1 . cot x
sinh
 lim  .tanh  0
1 cos x  1 cos x  cos x h0 h
 lim
 e x0 1 cos x  sin x L = e° = 1
LHL = RHL = 1

 lim
 
sin 2 x co s x
 e  1  lim | x |sin x  1
e x 0 
sin x  1  co s x  x 0

Existence of Limit
sin x
48. Limit x =
x 0 x 2  9x  20
49. Limit where [x] is the greatest integer not
(a) 0 (b) 1 x 5 x  x
(c) –1 (d) none greater than x
Ans. (b) (a) is equal to 1 (b) 0
(c) 4 (d) none
Sol. lim | x |sin x
x 0 Ans. (d)
LHL
x 2  9 x  20
Put x = 0 – h Sol. lim
x 5 x   x
 sin h
L  lim | h | . LHL :
h 0

ln L  lim   sin h  ln h  x  5  x  4 
h 0
lim 0
x 5 x4
ln h RHL
  lim
h0 cosech
 x  5  x  4 
lim 1
1 x 5 x5
  lim h (By L’ Hopital rule)
h 0 cosech cot h
LHL  RHL Limit does not exist.

50. l im  x  3  3  x   x  , where [.] denotes the greatest

x 3
1
sin h integer function, is equal to
  lim h  lim .tan h
h 0 cos h h 0 h (a) 4 (b) –4

sin 2 h (c) 0 (d) Does not exist
Ans. (b)
 0  L  e  1
RHL Sol. lim
x 3
 x  3  3  x  x 
Put x = 0 + h
  x    x  1 when x  I 
L  lim | 0  h |sin h
h 0
 lim  1  x   4
x 3
ln L  lim  sin h  ln h
h 0

ln h
 lim
h 0 cosech
 12 LIMITS

51. Limit 1 x   x 1  1 x   = where [x] denotes greatest 

1
x 1
e h 1
integer function lim  1
h 0  1
(a) 0 (b) 1 e h 1
(c) – 1 (d) does not exist
Ans. (c) 1

1 
e h 1  e h
1 
Sol. lim 1  x   x  1  1  x  1

eh

x1 lim  lim   1
RHL : Put x = 0 + h h0 1 h 0 1  1
 
  x    x  1 when x  I  e h 1 e h 1  e h



 
 lim 1  x  1  1
x 1
LHL  RHL Limit does not exist.
52. lim {[x] + |x|}, where [.] denotes the greatest integer
x 1
 sin  x 
function,  , x  0
54. If f  x     x  , where [.] denotes the greatest
(a) is 0 (b) is 1  0 , x 0
(c) does not exist (d) none of these   
Ans. (c)
integer function, then xlim f  x  is equal to
0
Sol. x 1
 x  | x |
lim
(a) 1 (b) 0
LHL : Put x = –1 – h
(c) -1 (d) Does not exist

h 0
lim  1  h  | 1  h | Ans. (d)
Sol. LHL at x = 0
 lim  2  1  1
h0 sin  0  h  sin  1 sin1
lim  
RHL Put x = –1 + h h 0 0  h  1 1

h 0
lim  1  h  | 1  h | RHL at x = 0

= –1 + 1 = 0 sin  o  h sin o
lim  (Indeterminate)
LHL  RHL Limit does not exist. h 0 o  h o

Limit does not exist.

1 L. H. Rule
ex 1
53. lim  2
x 0 1 e x  log 1  x   1  x 
ex 1 55. The value of lim is equal to
x 0 x2
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) 0 (b) -3
(c) -1 (d) Does not exist
(c) -1 (d) infinity
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b)
1
2
ex 1 e x  log 1  x   1  x 
Sol. lim Sol. lim
1
x 0 x 0 x2
ex 1
Apply L’H Rule
LHL : Put x = 0 – h
 LIMITS 13

1 3
ex    2 1  x   x3 
lim 1 x  sin x  x  
x0 2x lim  6 
5 
58. x 0
 x 
Again apply L’H Rule.  
2
 1  4
ex    6 1  x  (a) 1/120 (b) -1/120
 1  x 
lim
x 0 2 (c) 1/20 (d) None of these
Ans. (a)
1 1  6
  3
2  x3 
 sin x  x  
lim  6 
56. lim x log sinx is equal to Sol.
x 0 x 0  x5 
 
(a)  (b) Zero  

(c) 1 (d) Cannot be determined

x2
Ans. (b) cos x  1 
 lim 2 (L’ H Rule)
Sol. lim x log sin x x 0 5x4
x 0
 sin x  x
cos x  lim (L’ H Rule)
log sin x
x 0 20 x3
 lim  lim sin x
x 0 1 x 0 1
  cos x  1
x x2  lim (L’ H Rule)
x 0 60 x 2

 x  sin x
 lim     x cos x   0  lim
x 0  sin x  x 0 120 x

lim 1
 
57. x (tan x) log sin x = 120
4

(a) 0 (b) 1 x cos x  log 1  x 

59. The value of lim is
(c) -1 (d) None of these x 0 x2
Ans. (a) (a) 1/2 (b) 0
Sol. lim  tan x  log sin x (c) 1 (d) None of these

x
2 Ans. (a)

log sin x x cos x  log 1  x 

 lim Sol. lim
 cot x x 0 x2
x
2
1
cos x  x sin x 
1  lim 1  x  L ' H Rule 
.cos x
x 0 2x
 lim sin x (By L’H rule)
 cosec2 x
x
2 1
 sin x  sin x  x cos x 
1  x 2
1
.cos x
 lim L 'H Rule 
x 0 2
 lim sin x   lim  sin x   cos x   0
 1 
x  x 1
2 2 2 
sin x
2
 14 LIMITS

3 f x
60. If f (9) = 9 and f ' (9) = 1, then lim is equal to
x 9 3 x

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) –1 (d) None of these
Ans. (b)

3 f  x
Sol. lim
x 9 3 x

f '( x )
f ( x)
 lim
x 9 1 (By L’H Rule)
x

1
 3 1
1
3
 15 LIMITS

EXERCISE - 2 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE MAINS QUESTIONS

x
1  cos 2x  x 3 
1. lim is (2002) 3. For x R, xlim 
 x  2
 is equal to (2002)
x 0 2x  

(a)  (b) –1 (a) e (b) e–1

(c) zero (d) does not exist (c) e–5 (d) e5
Ans. (d) Ans. (c)
x
 x3 
Sol. lim
1  cos 2 x
 lim
| sin x |
x
Sol.
lim  
x   x  2 
1

form 
x 0 2x x 0

LHL Put x = 0 – h
 x 3   5 x 
lim  1  . x lim  
| sin  o  h  | sin h  e x   x  2   e x   x  2 
lim   lim  1
h 0 oh h 0 h
 
RHL Put x = 0 + h  5  5
 e
| sin  o  h  | lim  1 2 
sin h
lim  lim 1  e x   x 
h 0 oh h 0 h

LHL  RHL Limit does not exist.

xf (2)  2f (x)
4. Let f (2) = 4 and f’ (2) = 4. Then, lim is given
x x 2 x2
 x 2  5x  3 
2. lim  2  is equal to (2002) by (2002)
x 
 x x2 
(a) 2 (b) –2
(a) e4 (b) e2 (c) –4 (d) 3
(c) e3 (d) e Ans. (c)
Ans. (a)
xf  2   2 f  x 
x Sol. lim
 x2  5x  3  x2 x2
Sol. lim 


x   x 2  x  2 

1 
form  Apply L’H Rule

f  2   2 f '( x)
 x2 5x3  lim  f  2  2 f '  2

lim  2 1  . x x2 1
x  x2 
 e x  
= 4 – 2 (4) = – 4

 4 x 1 
lim  2  . x   x 
 e x  x  x2  1  tan  2   (1  sin x)
 
5. lim  is (2003)
 
x
2 1  tan
 x  3
    (  2x)
 1   2 
x2  4 
 x
e4
2  1 2 
lim x  1  2  1
x x (a) (b) 0
 e x   8

1
(c) (d) 
32
 16 LIMITS

Ans. (c)
33 6 2
 lim  
 x
x 0 3  x  3  x  9 3
1  tan 2  1  sin x 
Sol. lim   2x
  x   a b 
x 1  tan    2 x 
3 7. If xlim 1   2   e 2 , then the values of a and b are
2  2 
 x x 

(2004)

 x  (a) a R, b R (b) a = 1, b R

tan    1  sin x 
 4 2 (c) a R, b = 2 (d) a = 1, b = 2
 lim
x

2
  2 x 3 Ans. (b)

2x
 a b 
 Sol. lim  1     e2
Put x  h x   x x2 
2
 a b  2
  h lim  1   2  1  . 2 x  e
tan     1  cos h  x x
 e x   
 lim  4 4 2
h 0     2h 3  b
2 lim  a    e 2
x    x
 e
 h h
tan    . 2 sin 2
 lim  2 2  e2a  e2  a  1, b  R
h0 3
8h
8. Let and be the distinct roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, then

h  h
2
 1  cos (ax 2  bx  c)
tan sin lim is equal to (2005)
1 2 . lim  2  1 x  (x  ) 2
 . lim   
4 h 0 h h 0  h  4
2 
2  2  1 a2
(a) (  ) 2 (b)  (  ) 2
2 2
1 1 1 1
    a2
4 2 4 32 (c) 0 (d) (   ) 2
2
log (3  x)  log (3  x) Ans. (d)
6. If lim  k, the value of k is
x 0 x
(2003) Sol. ax 2  bx  c  a  x     x   
(a) 0 (b) –1/3
(c) 2/3 (d) –2/3
lim

1  cos ax 2  bx  c 
Ans. (c) x   x   2
log  3  x   log  3  x 
Sol. lim
x 0 x 1  cos  a  x     x    
 lim
Apply L’H Rule
x   x   2
1 1
  a  x     x    
 lim 3  x 3  x 2sin 2  
x 0 1  2 
 lim
x   x   2
 LIMITS 17

2 1  cos 2  2  h  2 
  a  x     x      lim
 sin   2 2 h 0 2h2
 
 lim 2 
2   . a  x   
x  a x    x     4
  1  cos 2h
 2   lim
  h 0 h

2
2 | sin h |
a 2      lim
 h 0 h
2
LHL:
9. Let f : R  R be a positive increasing function with
2   sin h 
f (3x) f (2x) lim  2
lim  1 . Then, xlim is equal to (2010) h 0  h
x  f (x)  f (x)
RHL
2
(a) 1 (b)
3 2 sinh
lim  2
h 0  h
3
(c) (d) 3 LHL  RHL limit does not exist.
2
Ans. (a) 11. Let f : R  [0, ) be such that lim f (x) exists and
x 5

Sol.  f(x) is increasing function

[f (x)]2  9
x < 2x < 3x lim  0 . Then, lim f (x) equals to (2011)
x 5 x 5
| x 5|
f (x) < f(2x) < f(3x)
(a) 3 (b) 0
f ( x) f (2 x) f (3 x)
 lim  lim  lim (c) 1 (d) 2
x  f ( x) x f ( x) x  f ( x)
Ans. (a)
f (2 x)  lim f ( x) exists and
 1  lim 1 Sol. x 5
x  f ( x)

By Sandwich theorem
lim
 f ( x) 2  9  0
f (2 x) x 5 | x5|
lim 1
x  f ( x)
It is only possible when

 1  {cos 2(x  2)}  2

lim  f ( x)   9  lim f ( x)  3
10. lim   (2011) x 5 x 5
x 2  x2 
 
12. If function f (x) is differentiable at x = a, then
(a) equals 2 (b) equals  2 x  f (a)  a 2 f (x)
lim (2011)
x a xa
1
(c) equals (d) does not exist (a) 2a f (a) + a2 f’ (a) (b) –a2 f’ (a)
2
(c) af (a) – a2 f’ (a) (d) 2af (a) – a2 f’ (a)
Ans. (d)
Ans. (d)
Sol. Let x = 2 + h
x 2 f ( a)  a 2 f ( x)
Sol. lim
xa xa
 18 LIMITS

lim
2 xf ( a )  a 2 f '( x )
(L’H Rule) 15. If lim

tan  x  2  x 2  (k  2) x  2 k   5, then k is equal
x a 1 x2 x 2  4x  4

= 2a f(a) – a2 f’(a) to: (2014/Online Set–2)

(a) 0 (b) 1
(1  cos 2x) (3  cos x)
13. lim is equal to (2013) (c) 2 (d) 3
x 0 x tan 4x
Ans. (d)

1 1
(a) 
4
(b)
2 Sol. lim

tan  x  2  x 2   k  2  x  2k  5
x2 2
(c) 1 (d) 2 x  4x  4

Ans. (d)

 lim
2

tan  x  2  x   k  2  x  2k  5
lim
1  cos 2 x   3  cos x  x 2  x  2  x  2
Sol.
x 0 x tan 4 x

2x   k  2

 lim
 
2sin 2 x  3  cos x   lim
x2 1
5 (L’ H Rule)

x 0 tan 4 x
4 x2 . 4 + k – 2 = 5 k = 3
4x
1  cos 2x  3  cos x 
2 16. lim is equal to: (2015)
1  sin x  x 0 x tan 4x
 lim .   .  3  cos x 
x 0 2  x 
1
(a) 2 (b)
1 2
 4  2
2 (c) 4 (d) 3
Ans. (a)
sin ( cos 2 x)
14. lim is equal to : (2014)
x 0 x2 1  cos 2 x   3  cos x 
Sol. lim
x 0 x  tan 4 x

(a)  (b)
2
(c) 1 (d) –   lim
 2sin x  3  cos x 
2

x 0 tan 4 x
Ans. (a) 4 x2 .
4x

Sol. lim

sin  cos 2 x  1 sin 2 x
x 0 2  lim .  3  cos x 
x 2 x 0 x 2

 lim
sin  1  sin 2 x 
    
1
2
4  2
x 0 2
x
2
e x  cos x 
17. lim is equal to : (2015/Online Set–1)
 lim

sin  sin 2 x  .  sin 2
x
x 0 sin2 x
x 0  sin 2 x x2 (a) 2 (b) 3
 5 3
(c) (d)
4 2
Ans. (d)
 LIMITS 19

1
x2 x2 2 2x
e  cos x e  cos x 19. Let p  lim (1  tan x) then log p is equal to :
Sol. lim  lim x 0 
x 0 2 x 0 2
sin x sin x
. x2 (2016)
x2
1
(a) 1 (b)
x2 x2 2
e  cos x e .2 x  sin x
 lim
2
 lim  L ' H Rule  1
x 0 x x 0 2x
(c) (d) 2
4
2
e x .2 x sin x Ans. (b)
 lim  lim
x 0 2x x 0 2 x 1

1 3
Sol. P  lim 1  tan
x  0
 2
x  2x

 1 
2 2
lim
 1
18. lim
x tan 2x  2x tan x
is (2015/Online Set–2)
 e x 0 1  tan 2
x 1 .  2x
x 0
1  cos 2x 2
lim 2 1
(a) 2 (b) -2   tan x  1
P  e x 0   .  P  e 2
(c) 1/2 (d) -1/2  x  2
Ans. (c)
1
x tan 2 x  2 x tan x  log P 
lim 2
Sol. x 0 1  cos 2 x 2
2x
 a 4 
20. If lim 1   2   e3 , then ‘a’ is equal to:
x  tan 2 x  2 tan x  x   x x 
 lim
x 0 4sin 4 x (2016/Online Set–1)

2 tan x 3
 2 tan x (a) 2 (b)
x 2 2
 lim . lim 1  tan x
x 0 sin x x 0 sin 3 x
4. 3 .x3 2 1
x (c) (d)
3 4
Ans. (b)
1 tan x 1  1  tan 2 x 
 . lim  
2x
2 x 0 3
x 1  tan x 2
  Sol.
 a 4 
lim  1  
x  

x x2 
 e3

1 tan x tan 2 x 1  a 4 
 . lim . lim . lim lim  1   2  1  . 2 x  e
3
2 x 0 x x 0 x 2 x 0 1  tan 2 x
x    x x 
e
1
  4
2 lim 2  a    e 3
e x   x 

3
 e 2 a  e3  a 
2
 20 LIMITS

(1  cos 2x)2 tanh  sinh sinh 1  cosh

21. lim is : (2016/Online Set–2)  lim  lim . lim
x 0 2x tan x  x tan 2x h 0 3 h 0 h h0 8h 2 cosh
8h

1 1 1 1  1  cosh 1 
(a) – 2 (b)   .   lim  
2 8 2 16  h0 h 2 2

1 3x  3
(c) (d) 2 23. lim is equal to : (2017/Online Set–1)
2 x 3 2x  4  2
Ans. (a)
1
2 (a) 3 (b)
Sol. lim
1  cos 2 x  2
x 0 2 x tan x  x tan 2 x
3 1
(c) (d)
4sin 4 x 2 2 2
 lim
x 0  2 tan x  Ans. (b)
x  2 tan x  
 1  tan 2 x 
3x  3
Sol. lim
x 3 2x  4  2

 lim
sin x
. lim
4 sin 3 x
. lim .
x3 1  tan 2 x  
x 0 x x 0 x3 x 0 2 tan 3 x 1
3
2 x
 lim
2
 L ' H Rule 
 1 x 3
 1  4      2
 2 2 2x  4

cot x  cos x 1
22. lim 3 equals : (2017)

x
2
   2x   lim 2 
1
x3 1 2
1 1 2
(a) (b)
24 16
24. For each t  R, let [t] be the greatest integer less than or
1 1 equal to t. Then
(c) (d)
8 4
1  2 15  
Ans. (b) lim x        .....     (2018)
x  0 x
    x  x 
 (a) does not exist (in R) (b) is equal to 0.
Sol. Put x  h
2 (c) is equal to 15. (d) is equal to 120.
Ans. (d)
   
cot   h   cos   h 
 2   2  1 2
lim  15  
3 Sol. lim x        .....    
h 0     2h  x 0    x   x   x 

We know x = [x] + {x}

 tanh  sinh
 lim
h 0 8h3 1 2 15  1   2  15  
 lim x    ...         ..    
x  0  x x x x x  x 
 LIMITS 21

 1  2  ....  15  1 2 15   1

 lim x 
x 0   x   lim x        ....    
 x 0   x   x 
  x  lim
 27 + x  - 3 3

26. x0
2 equals : (2018/Online Set–3)
9 -  27 + x  3

15  16
 0
2
1 1
(a) (b) -
 1  2 15   3 3
 0   x  1  0        ...     15
 x x x  1 1
(c) - (d)
= 120 6 6
Ans. (c)
x tan2x - 2x tanx
25. lim 2 equals: (2018/Online Set–2)
x0
 1 - cos2x  1
 27  x  3  3
Sol. lim
2
1 x 0
(a) (b) 1 9   27  x  3
4

1 1 1 2
(c) (d) -  27  x  3
2 2
 lim 3  L ' H Rule 
x 0 2 1
Ans. (c) 
  27  x  3
3
x tan 2 x  2 x tan x
Sol. lim
x 0 1  cos 2 x 2 
2 1
1  27  3 1 9 1
 .   
2 1 2 1 6
 2 tan x
x

 2 tan x 
 27  3 3
2
1  tan x
 lim  
x 0 4
sin x
4 4 . x4
x

1 tan x tan 2 x 1
 . lim . lim . lim
2 x 0 x x 0 x 2 x 0 1  tan 2 x

1

2
 LIMITS 22

EXERCISE - 3 : ADVANCED OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS

3
ex  e x  2 x  4x 1 
1. lim is equal to   . x3
x 0 x  sin x  x 
 lim  
(a) 1 (b) –1 x 0   x2 
 x  ln 1  
 sin p  x   3   x2
(c) 2 (d) 0  . .   .
2 
Ans. (c)  x  p  x  3
 p   
  3
 
e x  e x  2 x
Sol. lim
x 0 x  sin x

 ln 4 3 .x3 3
 x x 2
  3
x x 2 3  lim  3 p  log 4 
x 0 3
1  x    ...    1  x    ...   2 x x
 2! 3!   2! 3! 
 lim     3p
x 0  x3 x5 
xx   ... 
 3! 5! 
  cos  sin x   cosx
3. The value of Limit is equal to
x 0 x4

 1 x2  (a) 1/5 (b) 1/6

2 x3    ...  2
 3! 5!  (c) 1/4 (d) 1/2
lim    3!  2
x 0 1 x 2  1 Ans. (b)
x3    ...  3!
 3! 5! 
  cos  sin x   cos x
Sol. lim
x 0 x4
3

Limit
 4 1
x

  x  sin x   x  sin x 
2. 2 sin   . sin  
x 0  x   x2   2   2 
sin   l n 1   lim
p  3  x 0 x 4

3
(a) 9 p (log 4) (b) 3 p (log 4)  x  sin x   x  sin x 
3 2 2sin   sin  
(c) 12 p (log 4) (d) 27 p (log 4)  lim  2  . lim  2  . lim  x  sin x   x  sin x 
x 0 x  sin x x 0 x  sin x x 0 4x4
Ans. (b) 2 2

3 1 x  sin x x  sin x
lim
 4  1
x
 lim
2 x 0 x
. lim
x 0 x3
Sol.
x 0 x  x2 
sin   ln  1  
 p   3   x3 x5 
xx   ... 
1  3! 5! 
  2  lim  
2 x 0 3
x

 1 x2 
x3    ... 
 3! 5!  1 1
 lim   
x 0 3 3! 6
x
 LIMITS 23

3 f x sin  a  3h   3sin  a  2h   3sin  a  h   sin a

4. If f (9) = 9 and f ' (9) = 1, then lim is equal to Sol. lim
x 9 3 x h0 h3

(a) 0 (b) 1 sin  a  3h   sin a  3 sin  a  2h   sin  a  h 

 lim
(c) –1 (d) None of these h0 h3
Ans. (b)
 2a  3h  3h  2a  3h  h
2 cos   sin  3  2 cos   sin
3 f ( x)  2  2  2  2
Sol. lim  lim
x 9 3 x h 0 3
h

f '( x) h h
sin 3    3sin
f ( x)  2a  3h  2 2
 lim
1
 L ' H Rule   lim 2 cos   . lim 3
x 9 h 0  2  h0 h
x
h h h
3sin  4sin3  3sin
1  2cos a. lim 2 2 2
h0 3
h
 3 1
1
3 3
 h
 sin 2  1
2x   2 cos a  . lim  4   
5.
 a b 
If l im 1   2   e2 , then the values of a and b, are
h 0  h  8
x   x x   2 

(a) a  R, b = 2 (b) a = 1 and b  R

 1
(c) a  R, b  R (d) a = 1 and b = 2   2 cos a       cos a
 2
Ans. (b)

 a b 
2x x 3

 27 l n  x  2 
Sol. lim  1  
x  

x x2 
e 2
1
form  7. Limit
x 3 x 2
9 


 a b  (a) – 8 (b) 8
2
lim  1   2  1  . 2 x  e
 e x    x x  (c) 9 (d) – 9
Ans. (c)
 b
lim 2  a    e 2
 e x    x
Sol. lim
x 3

 27 ln  x  2 
x 3 x2  9
2a 2
e  e  2a  2  a  1, b  R

sin  a+3h  – 3sin  a+2h  +3sin  a+h  – sina  lim

x 3
 

 27  ln 1   x  3  

6. lim is x 3  x  3 
 x 3 
h 0 h3 

(a) sin a (b) –sin a

27  27
(c) cos a (d) –cos a  9
6
Ans. (d)
 24 LIMITS

8. If ,  are the roots of the quadratic equation

2 x 2  9 x  20
ax + bx + c = 0 then, Sol. lim
x 5 x   x

Limit

1  cos ax 2  bx  c  LHL :
2
x 
x  
x 2  9 x  20  x  5  x  4   0
lim  lim
1 x 5 x   x x 5 x4
(a) 0 (b)   2
2
RHL

a2 a2
(c)    2 (d)     2 x 2  9 x  20  x  5  x  4   1
2 2 lim  lim
x 5 x   x x 5  x  5
Ans. (c)
LHL  RHL Limit does not exist.
Sol. ax 2  bx  c  a  x     x   

Limit

sin e x  2  1 
10.

lim
 2
1  cos ax  bx  c  x 2 l n  x 1

x   x   2 (a) 0 (b) – 1
(c) 2 (d) 1
Ans. (d)
 ax 2  bx  c 
2sin 2  
 2 
 lim
x   x   2
Sol. lim

sin e x  2  1 
x 2 ln  x  1

 a  x     x    
2sin 2 
2

 lim

sin e x 2  1 .e x2
1
.
x2
 
 lim
x   x   2
x 2
e x2
1  x  2 ln 1   x  2  

=1
2
  a  x     x       x 3 
 sin   2 2 11. The value of l im  l og a  is
 
 lim 2 
2    a  x    x 3 
 x  6  3 
x  ax   x     4
 
 2  (a) loga6 (b) loga3
 
(c) loga2 (d) None of these
Ans. (a)
a2
    2 x 3
2 lim log a
Sol.
x 3 x 6 3
x 2  9x  20
9. Limit where [x] is the greatest integer not
x 5 x  x  x  3  x6 3 
 lim log a
greater than x x 3  x 6 3  x6 3 
(a) is equal to 1 (b) 0
(c) 4 (d) none
 x  3   x  6  3
Ans. (d)  lim log a
x 3  x  3
 log a 6
 LIMITS 25

   ay     by     ax 2
 exp  x l n 1+    exp  x l n 1+    . ax
  x    x   2 ax 
12. Limit  Limit   lim a  x . lim
y0  x y  xa x a  ax
  tan
  2 ax

(a) a + b (b) a – b 2 4a
   2a  
(c) b – a (d) – (a + b)  
Ans. (b) 14. If [x] denotes the greatest integer  x, then
1


 ay 
x ln  1  x ln 1  
 by  Limit
n  n4   

13 x    23 x   ...   n 3 x  equals
   
e  x 
 e  x  
Sol. lim  lim
y 0  x  y  (a) x/2 (b) x/3
  (c) x/6 (d) x/4
 
Ans. (d)

1
 ln 1 ay 
  x  .ay
 by 
ln 1  
 x  . by 
Sol.
n
lim 
13 x    23 x   ...   n3 x 
n4       
 ay by 
1
 lim . lim e x e x 

We know x = [x] + {x}
y 0 y x 
 
1



 n 
lim
n4
1 x  2 x  3 x  ...  1 x  2 x  ...  n x
3 3 3 3 3 3

1  ay by   ln 1  x    lim
x.n 2  n  1
2
 lim
1 x  2 x  ...  n x
3 3 3

 lim . e e
   lim  1 n  4.n 4 n n4
y 0 y  x0 x 

2
 1
x.n 4 1  
 lim
e by
 e   1
a b y
 . a  b  lim  n    quantity between o and n 
y 0 a  b y n  4n 4 n4

=a–b x
 0
4
 ax
13. The value of l im a 2  x 2 cot is
x a 2 ax x

4
2a 2a
(a) (b) 
   sin  x 
 if x  0
4a 15. If f  x     x  where [x] denotes the
(c) (d)  4a  0
   if x  0
Ans. (c) greatest integer less than or equal to x, then Limit f (x)
x 0

 ax equals
Sol. lim a 2  x 2 cot
x a 2 ax (a) 1 (b) 0
(c) –1 (d) none
ax ax
 lim Ans. (d)
x a  ax
tan
2 a x
 26 LIMITS

Sol. LHL:
    
Put x = 0 – h 2  3 sin   h   cos   h  
6  6 
Sol. lim 
lim
sin  0  h 
 lim
sin  1

sin1 h 0 
3h 3 cosh  sinh 
h 0  0  h h 0  1 1

RHL :  1 3   3 1 
2  3  cosh  sinh    cosh  sinh  
Put x = 0 + h
 lim   2 2   2 2  

lim
sin  o  h 

sin o
 indeterminate
h 0 3h  3 cosh  sinh 
h 0 o  h o

Limit does not exist.  3 3 3 1 

2 cosh  sinh  cosh  sinh 
 lim  2 2 2 2 
 tan  x  

If f (x) =   x 
,  x   0 h 0 3h  3 cosh  sinh 
16.  where
 0,
  x   0 
2  2sinh 4
 lim 
[x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, h 0 3h  3 cosh  sinh  3
then l im f  x  equals
x 0
cos 2  cos 2 x
(a) 1 (b) –1 18. Limit 
x  1 x2  x
(c) 0 (d) Does not exist
(a) 2 cos 2 (b) – 2 cos 2
Ans. (d)
(c) 2 sin 2 (d) – 2 sin 2
Sol. LHL :
Ans. (c)
Put x = 0 – h
cos 2  cos 2 x
tan  o  h  tan1 Sol. lim
lim  x 1 x2  | x |
h 0 o  h 1

RHL : cos 2  cos 2 x

 lim
Put x = 0 + h
x 1 x2  x

tan  o  h  tan o 2sin  x  1 sin  x  1

lim   indeterminate  lim . lim
h 0 o  h o x 1 x 1 x 1 x

Limit does not exist. sin  2 

 2  2sin 2
1
    
2  3 sin   h   cos   h  
6  6   is equal to
17. l im  19.
     
Limit n cos   sin   has the value equal to
h 0

3 h 3 cos h  sin h  n   4n   4n 
(a) /3 (b) /4
(a) 4/3 (b) – 4/3
(c) /6 (d) none
(c) 2/3 (d) 3/4
Ans. (b)
Ans. (a)
 LIMITS 27

1 sin 2 x  a sin x
Sol. let n   as n  , x  0 Sol. lim
x x 0 x3

1 x x 1 x x 2sin x cos x  a sin x

lim sin cos  lim  2 sin cos  lim
x 0 x 4 4 x 0 2 x 4 4 x 0 x3

x sin x  2 cos x  a  a  2 cos x

sin  lim  lim
2    2
 lim x 0 x x x  0 x2
x 0 x 4 4
2
 x2 x4 
a  2 1   ....... 
 2! 4! 
20. The value of l im
 a  h 2 sin  a  h   a 2 sin a is  lim  
x  2
h 0 h x

(a) 2a sin a + a2cos a (b) 2a sin a – a2 cos a

 2 2 x2 
(c) 2a cos a + a2sin a (d) None of these a  2  x2    .... 
 2! 4! 
Ans. (a)  lim  
x 0 x2
 a  h 2 sin  a  h   a 2 sin a  0 
Sol. lim  0 form  for limit to be finite
h 0 h  
a + 2 = 0 a = –2
Apply L’H Rule
 2 2 x2 
2
2  a  h  sin  a  h    a  h  cos  a  h  x2    ... 
 2! 4! 
lim    1
h 0 1 value of limit 
x2
= 2a sin a + a2cos a
23. The value of
21. If f (a) = 2, f ' (a) = 1, g (a) = –1, g' (a) = 2, then
2 2 2 cos 2 x
g  x  f a   g a  f  x  l im 11 / cos x  21 / cos x  ... n1 / cos x 
lim is equal to 
  is
x a x a x
2

(a) 3 (b) 5 (a) 0 (b) n

(c) –3 (d) 0
n  n 1
Ans. (b) (c)  (d)
2
g ( x ) f (a )  g (a ) f ( x )  0  Ans. (b)
Sol. lim  0 form 
x a xa  
cos2 x
apply L’H Rule  2 2 2 
lim 11/ cos x  21/ cos x  ...  n1/ cos x 
Sol. 
g '( x) f (a )  g (a ) f '( x) x  
lim 2
xa 1
= 2 (2) – (–1) (1) = 5  1 1 1 
 1  cos2 x  2  cos2 x  n  cos2 x 
sin 2 x + a sin x  lim  n       ...   
22. If l im be finite, then the value of a and  n n n
x  
x 0 x3 2 
the limit are given by
=n
(a) –2, 1 (b) –2, –1
(c) 2, 1 (d) 2, –1
Ans. (b)
 28 LIMITS

n 1
Solving (1), (2), (3) we get a = 1, b = 2, c = 1
1 1 2 
24. lim  1 e n  e n  ... e n
 is equal to
n  n   sin x –  sin x 
sin x
  26. lim equals
 1 – sin x + l n sin x
x
(a) e (b) –e 2

(c) e – 1 (d) 1 – e (a) 1 (b) 2

Ans. (c) (c) 3 (d) 4
Ans. (b)
 1 2 n 1 
1
Sol. lim 1  e  e  ...  e n 
n n
sin x
n n   sin x   sin x  0 
  lim
Sol.  1  sin x  ln sin x  0 form 
x  
2
n
 1  Apply L’H rule
en  1
 
sin x
 lim    e 1 cos x   sin x  .cos x 1  ln sin x 
n 1 lim
 cos x
en 1 x  cos x 
2 sin x
1
n
sin x
1   sin x  1  ln sin x   0 
 lim  0 form 
25. The values of a, b and c such that  cosec x  1  
x
2
ae x  b cos x  ce  x
l im  2 are
x 0 x sin x sin x cos x sin x
  sin x    sin x   cos x 1  ln sin x 2
 lim sin x
(a) a = 1, b = –2, c = 1 (b) a = 1, b = 2, c = –1  cosecx . cot x
x
2
(c) a = 1, b = 2, c = 1 (d) a = –1, b = 2, c = 1
Ans. (c)
 sin x sin x 1   sin x sin x 1  ln sin x 2
 lim
ae x  b cos x  ce x  cosec2 x
Sol. lim x
x 0 x sin x 2

=2
 x 2 x3   x2 x4   x 2 x3 
 lim a 1  x    ...   b 1     c 1  x    
x 0  2! 3!   2! 4!   2! 3!  2/2
      e x  cos x
 x 3  27. Limit 3

x x   ....  x 0 x sin x
 3! 
 
(a) 1/4 (b) 1/6

a b c (c) 1/12 (d) 1/8

 a  b  c   x  a  c   x 2      ....
Ans. (c)
 lim 2 2 2 2
x 0
2
 x2 
x 1 

 ... 
 x2
 3! 

e 2  cos x
Sol. lim
x 0 3
a – b + c = 0 ... (1) x sin x

a–c=0 ... (2)

 x 2 x4   x2 x4 
a b c 1   ....   1   .... 
  2 ... (3)  2 4.2!   2! 4! 
2 2 2  lim 
x 0  x3 
x3  x   .... 
 3! 
 
 LIMITS 29

 1
x4 
1  1
  x6  
1
   ... 1 x3
 . lim 1
 lim  4.2! 4!  8.3! 6!  a x 0  x3 
x 0 4 bx   x   ... 
x  3! 
 

1 1 1
  
8 24 12 1 x3
 . lim 1
a x 0 x3
x  b  1  .....
28. Limit sin 1  sec x  3!
x 0

(a) is equal to /2 (b) is equal to 1 for limit to exist and non-zero

(c) is equal to zero (d) none of these b – 1 = 0 b = 1

Ans. (d)
1 x3
 . lim 1
3
Sol. lim sin 1  sec x  a x 0 x
....
x 0
3!
 as x  0, sec x  1
3!
but domain of sin–1x is [–1, 1]   1  a  6  a  36
a
Limit does not exist.
a + 2b = 36 + 2 = 38
 cos 2x 
29. Lim x  x – 1 , where [.] denotes greatest integer
x 0 sin x 4 – x 4 cos x 4  x 20
31. l im is equal to
function, is equal to
(a) 1 (b) 0
x0
 4
x 4 e2x –1– 2x 4 
(c) e (d) Does not exists (a) 0 (b) –1/6
Ans. (a) (c) 1/6 (d) does not exist
Ans. (c)
Sol. as x  0, cos 2 x  0   cos 2 x   0
sin x 4  x 4 cos x 4  x 20
 cos 2 x  Sol. lim
 lim x  x  1 x 0  4 
x 0 x 4  e2 x  1  2 x 4 
 
= (approaching to zero)0
=1
 4 x12 x 24  4  x8 x16  20
3 x   ...   x  1   ...   x
x  3! 6!   2! 4! 
30. If Lim  1, a > 0, then a + 2b is equal to  lim  
x 0 a  x  bx – sin x  x 0  4 x8 
x 4 1  2 x 4   ......1  2 x 4 
(a) 36 (b) 37  2! 
(c) 38 (d) 40
Ans. (c)
 1 1   1 
x12      x8  1   ....
x3  lim  3! 2!   4!  
Sol. lim 1 x 0 4 
x 0 a  x  bx  sin x  x12   ...
 2! 

1 1

1
 2 6 
2 6
 30 LIMITS

sin x
1  9  lim 
(L’H Rule)
32. If f (n + 1) =  f n   , n  N and f (n) > 0 for all  e x 0 cos x
2  f  n  
= e0 = 1
n  N then l im f (n) is equal to
n 
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
(a) 3 (b) – 3 35.
1/x 2
If lim (cos x + a sin bx) = e , then the values of a and b
x 0
(c) 1/2 (d) None of these
are
Ans. (a)
(a) a = 1, b = 2 (b) a = 2, b = 1/2
1 9 
Sol. f  n  1   f ( n)   1
2 ( n)  (c) a  2 2 , b  (d) a = 4, b = 2
2
as n  , f(n + 1)  f(n) Ans. (a,c)

1 9  1
 f  n   f ( n) 
2

f ( n)  Sol. lim  cos x  a sin bx  x  e2 1 form
x 0
 
9 1
 2 f ( n)  f ( n)  lim  cos x  a sin b x 1 .
f ( n) e x  0 x
 e2

2 cos x 1 a sin bx
  f (n)   9  f  n   3  f  n   0 lim  lim .b
 e x 0 x x 0 bx  e2
 100 x   99sin x  
33. The value of lim      , where [.]  cos x  1 
x0
  sin x   x    lim  0
 x  0 x 
represents greatest integral function is
(a) 199 (b) 198  eo  ab  e2  ab  2
(c) 0 (d) None of these
/ x
Ans. (b)  a x  bx  cx 
36. If lim   , (a, b, c, > 0) is equal to
x 0
 3 
sin x x
Sol. as x  0,  1 and 1
x sin x (a) 1, if  = 1 (b) abc, if  = 1
2/3
(c) abc, if  = 3 (d) (abc) , if  = 2
 100 x   99sin x  
 lim      x  Ans. (c,d)
x 0   sin x   

= 100 + 98 = 198.  ax  bx  cx x
34. The limiting value of (cos x)
1/sin x
as x  0 is Sol. lim 
x 0 
 3



1 
form 
(a) 1 (b) e
(c) 0 (d) none  a x b x c x  
 1  .
Ans. (a) lim  3  x
 e x 0 
1
Sol.
x 0
lim  cos x  sin x 1 
form   a x 1 b x 1 c x 1  
 
lim  x  x  x  . 3
 e x  
1
lim  cos x 1 . lim cos x 1
sin x
 e x 0  e x0 sin x
 LIMITS 31

 (c) c = –2 (d) c = 0
 ln a  ln b ln c  .
e 3 Ans. (a,b)


ln  abc   ae x  b cos x  ce x
 e3   abc  3 Sol. lim 2
x 0 x sin x
If = 3 then limit = abc
If = 2 then limit = (abc) .
2/3  x2 x3   x2 x4   x2 
a 1  x     b 1     c 1  x  ...
 2! 3!   2! 4!   2! 
lim  2
x0  3 
x
37. The value of a for which x  x   ... 
 3! 
 
4

lim
 e –1 x

 8, is a
b c a c
x 0  x2   x2   a  b  c   x  a  c   x2     x3     ...
sin  2  l og e 1   lim 2 2 2 6 6 2
a   2 x0
2
 x 2 
x 1   ... 
 3! 
 
(a) –2 (b) –1
(c) 1 (d) 2  a  b  c  0 ... 1 a  c  0 ...  2 
Ans. (a,d)
a b c
  2 ... (3)
4 2 2 2
Sol. lim
 ex 1  8 Solving (1), (2), (3), a = 1, b = 2, c = 1.
x 0 x 2   x2 
sin   log e 1  
 a2   2  x 1+ a cos x  – bsin x
   39. If lim  1, then
x 0 x3

4 –3 5
 ex 1  4 (a) b  (b) a 
2 2
  .x
 x 
lim   8 –1 –5
x 0  x2  (c) b  (d) a 
x2 log e  1   2 2
sin 2  2  x 2
a x2 
2
. 2. . Ans. (a,d)
x a x2 2
a2 2 x 1  a cos x   b sin x
Sol. lim 1
x 0 x3

x4
lim 8  x2 x 4   x3 
x 0 x4 x  ax  1 

 ...   b  x   ... 
 2! 4!   3! 
 1
2a 2 lim
3
x 0 x

 2a 2  8
 a b
x 1  a  b   x3      ...
 a  2  2 6
lim 1
x 0 3
x
ae x – b cos x  ce – x
38. If lim  2 , then
x 0 x sin x a b
 1  a  b  0 and   1
2 6
(a) a = 1 (b) b = 2
 32 LIMITS

5 3 1
Solving we get a   , b   as n  , 0
2 2 2n
40. If x is a real number in [0, 1] then the value of limit of sequence = 21 = 2
2m
lim lim [1 + cos (n!x)] is given by, where [x] Using the following passage, solve Q.42 to Q.44
m n 

represents greatest integer < x. Passage –1

(a) 2 if x is rational
(b) 1 for all x
(c) 1 if x is irrational
Ans. (a,c)
Sol.  n! is always an integer
n/will be integral multiple of for x = any rational
number (cos (n! x))2 = 1
AP is a diameter of a unit circle with centre at O. Let AC be
an arc of this circle, which subtends angle  radian at centre
O. A tangent line is drawn to the circle at the point A and a
(d) 2 for all x segement AB on this tangent is laid off whose length is
equal to that of the arc AC. A straight line BC is drawn to
intersect the extension of the diameter AP at Q. CD is the
perpendicular let fall from the point C upon the diameter AP.
42. The area of the trapezoid ABCD is

1 – cos  
 lim lim 1  cos 2m  n ! x    2 (a) (b) ( + sin ) sin2
m  n    – sin  2
But if x Q

(cos (n! x))2 [0, 1) (c) 2 cos2 ( – sin ) (d) ( + sin )
2
 lim lim 1  cos 2 m  n ! x    1 Ans. (b)
m  n  

41. The limit of sequence 2 , 2 2 , 2 2 2 ....... is

(a) a rational number (b) 2

(c) is an irrational number (d) 2 2

Ans. (a,b)
Sol.
Sol. given sequence

1 3 7
22 , 24 , 28

1 1
T1   1
2 21 in OCD,
OD = cos , CD = sin 
3 1
T2   1 AD = 1 – cos 
4 22
AC = = AB
7 1
T3   1  1
8 23 Area of ABCD   CD  AB   AD 
2
1
Tn  1  1
2n   sin     1  cos 
2

1 
  2sin 2   sin  
2 2
 LIMITS 33

  2sin  
  sin 2    sin    lim  lim .cos 
 2   0   0 sin 

43. The length AQ equal to =2+1=3

Using the following passage, solve Q.45 to Q.47
 1 – cos  
(b) 
 1 – cos  
(a) Passage –2
 – sin   + sin 
n
 x 
 1 + cos    1 + cos   Consider two functions f (x) = l im  cos  and
(c) (d) n   n
 – sin   + sin 

Ans. (a) g(x) = –x4b where b = xl 

im  
x 2  x 1 – x 2 1 Then.

Sol. QCD ~ QBA

45. f (x) is
CD QD – x2
  (a) e–x2 (b) e 2
AB QA
x2

sin  AQ  AD (c) ex2 (d) e 2

 
 AQ Ans. (b)

AQ  1  cos   n
sin   x 


AQ Sol. f ( x)  lim  cos
n 

n
1 
form 
 1  cos    x 
 AQ  lim  cos 1  . n
  sin   en   n 

44. The value of the Lim AQ is

  0  x 
lim   2 sin 2 .n
n   2 n 
(a) 0 (b) 1  e
(c) 2 (d) 3
Ans. (d) 2
 x  x
 sin 2 n  x2 
2  . e 2
 1  cos    0   lim  x  4
Sol. lim  form   2 n 
n 
 0   sin   0   e
Apply L’H Rule
46. g(x) is
1  cos    sin   0  (a) –x2 (b) x2
 lim  form 
 0  1  cos  0  (c) x4 (d) –x4

Apply L’H Rule Ans. (a)

sin   sin    cos  Sol. b  lim  x 2  x  1  x 2  1 

 lim x   
  0 sin 

 x2  x  1  x2  1   x2  x  1  x2  1 
  
 lim   
x   x2  x  1  x2  1 
 
 
 34 LIMITS

(C) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is false.

x 2  x  1  x2  1
 lim (D) If ASSERTION is false, REASON is true.
x  x2  x  1  x2  1
(E) If Both ASSERTION and REASON are false.
48. Assertion : If a and b are positive and [x] denotes
x
 lim greatest integer < x, then
x   1 1 1 
x  1  2  1 2 
 x x x  x b b
l im 
x  0 a  x  a
1
 x
2 Reason : l im  0 where {x} denotes
x x
g  x    x 4b   x 2 fractional part of x.

47. Number of solutions of f (x) + g (x) = 0 is (a) A (b) B

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) C (d) D

(c) 0 (d) 1 (e) E

Ans. (a) Ans. (a)

Sol. Number of solutions of

x b  x  b b 
f (x) + g(x) = 0 Sol. lim  x   lim a  x   x  
x  0 a   x 0   

x2
 b
e 2  x2  0  x  b 
 lim  lim  
x  0 a x 0  a   x 
x2
  0   x  1
e 2  x2

b b
 0 
a a
Assertion is true, reason is also true.

f x
49. Assertion : For the existence of lim . It is
x a g x

f  x 
necessary that lim exists.
x a g  x 

Reason : If f (a) = g(a) = 0 then

f x f  x 
Clearly 2 solutions. lim  lim .
x a g  x  x a g  x 
ASSERTION/REASON
(a) A (b) B
(A) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is a
correct explanation for ASSERTION. (c) C (d) D
(B) If ASSERTION is true, REASON is true, REASON is (e) E
not a correct explanation for ASSERTION. Ans. (e)
 LIMITS 35

Sol. Assertion is false and reason is also false.

Match the Following sin x cos x
2 
 lim x x  2  Q 
50. Column–I Column–II x  cos x sin 2 x
2
1 
 x x
(A) Lt x cos  .sin   (P)
x  8x 8x 8
1
2 2
tan  –   x –  –   x 2 2  x n  1  x 1 
(B) Lt  (Q) 2
(D) lim  
x 1  n  x  1 
1 form  
x 0 sin 2  x   

8 lim  n  1
2x – sin x + cos x x 1
(C) Lt  (R)  e x 1   1 .
x  x + cos 2 x  sin 2 x   n  x  1  x  1

1
lim  n
 x n – 1  x –1 n –1
x  1  nx  n 
(D) Lt    (S) e 2  e x1 
x 1  n  x – 1   n  x  12 
   

(T) 0
lim 
n.x n1  n 
Ans. (A  P, B  T, C  Q, D  S)  e x 1   [By L’H Rule]
 2n  x  1 
 
Sol. (A) lim x cos sin
x  8x 8x lim  n  n  1 x n  2 
 e x1   [By L’H Rule]
1  2n 
let x   y0
y
n 1
y y y y e 2  S 
cos sin 2sin cos
lim 8 8  lim 8 8
Subjective
y 0 y y 0 2y
sin x – tan x
51. The value of Lim is
y x 0 tan –1 x – sin –1 x
sin
4 .  
 lim    P Ans. (0001)
y 0 y 8 8
4 sin x  tan x
Sol. lim
x 0 tan 1 x  sin 1 x
2 2
(B)   9.88      10

 x3 x5   x3 2 x5 
2 2 x  ...    x    ... 
tan  10  x  10 x  3! 5!   3 15 
lim lim  
x 0 sin 2 x 2 x 0  x3 x5   x3 3x5 
.x x  ...    x    ... 
x2  3 5   6 40 
 

 tan10 x 2 10 x 2
 lim  10  lim
x 0 10 x 2 x 0 x2  1 1  1 2 
x3      x 2     ...


 lim  6 3   5! 15  
= –10 + 10 = 0 = (T)
x  0 3  1 1  21 3  
x      x     ...
2 x  sin x  cos x  3 6   5 40  
(C) lim
x  x  cos2 x  sin 2 x
=1
 LIMITS 36

EXERCISE - 4 : PREVIOUS YEAR JEE ADVANCED QUESTIONS

Single Answers Questions  sin [x]

 , [x]  0
1. If f (a) = 2, f’ (a) = 1, g (a) = –1, g’ (a) = 2, then the value of 3. If f (x)   [x] where [x] denotes the
 0, [x]  0
g(x) f (a)  g(a) f (x) 
lim is (1983)
x a xa greatest integer less than or equal to x, then

1 lim f (x) equals (1985)

x 0
(a) –5 (b)
5
(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) 5 (d) None of these (c) –1 (d) None of these
Ans. (c) Ans. (d)

g  x f a  g  a f  x Sol. LHL:

Sol. lim put x = 0 – h
x a xa

Sin  o  h  sin  1 sin1

g ' x f a  g  a f ' x  lim  lim 
 lim (by L’H rule) h 0  o  h h o  1 1
x a 1
= g’(a) f(a) – q(a) f’(a) RHL:
= 2 × 2 - (–1)(1) = 5 Put x = o + h

 1 2 n  Sin  o  h  sin  0 
2. l im    ...  is equal to : (1984)  lim  = indeterminate
n  1  n 2
1 n 2
1  n2  h 0  o  h 0

1 = Limit does not exist.

(a) 0 (b) –
2
1
(1  cos 2 x)
1 2
(c) (d) none of these 4. The value of lim (1991)
2 x 0 x

Ans. (b) (a) 1 (b) –1

(c) 0 (d) None of these
 1 2 n 
Sol.  lim    .......   Ans. (d)
2 2
n 1  n 1 n 1  n2 

1  2  3  ....  n  1  cos 2 x
 lim   Sol. 2
n  1  n2  lim
x 0 x

 1
n2 1    lim
| sin x |
n  n  1  n   1
 lim  lim x0 2x
n  2
1  n2  n  1  2 .
2n 2  2  1
n  sin x sin x 1
LHL : lim  lim  
x0 2x x0 2x 2

sin x sin x 1
RHL : lim  lim  
x 0 2x x  0 2x 2

LHL RHL limit does not exist .

 LIMITS 37

1  cos 2 (x  1) tan3 x 1
5. lim (1998)  lim . lim
x 1 x 1 x0 3
x x0 2
1 tan2 x
(a) exists and it equals 2
1
(b) exists and it equals – 2  .
2
(c) does not exist because x – 1 0
x
(d) does not exist because left hand limit is not equal to  x 3 
7. For x R, xlim 
 x  2
 is equal to (2000)
right hand limit  
Ans. (d) (a) e (b) e–1
(c) e–5 (d) e5
1  cos 2  x  1
Sol. lim Ans. (c)
x 1 x 1
x
 x 3 
2 sin  x  1 Sol. lim  
lim x   x  2 
x 1 x 1
x 3 
LHL: lim  1 . x
  x
e x   2 
2 sin  x  1 2 sin  x  1
lim  lim   2
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
 
 5 x 
RHL :   e5
 5 x    1
lim   lim  x x   
lim
2 sin  x  1
 lim
2 sin  x  1
 2 e x   x 1 
 e   x  
x
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1

LHL  RHL limit does not exist.

8. l im

sin  cos 2 x  equals (2001)
2
x tan 2x – 2 x tan x
x 0 x
6. l im (1999)
x 0
1– cos 2x 2 (a) – (b) 
(c) /2 (d) 1
(a) 2 (b) –2
Ans. (b)
1 1
(c) (d) 
2 2
Sol. lim

sin  cos 2 x 
Ans. (c) x 0 x2

x tan 2 x  2 x tan x
Sol. lim
x 0 1  cos 2 x 2 lim  
sin  1  sin 2 x 
 
x0 x2
 2tan x 
x  2tan x 
 lim  1  tan 2
x 
lim
sin    sin 2 x 
   lim
sin  sin 2 x  sin 2 x
.
 
x0 4
4sin x x0 x2 x 0  sin 2 x x2

=

 lim
x
. lim
 
2 tan x 1  1  tan 2 x
3
x0 sin x x0 4sin x 3
x 1  tan 2 x 
x3
 38 LIMITS

(cos x  1) (cos x  e x ) 11. If lim

{(a  n) nx  tan x} sin nx
 0, where n is non zero
9. The integer n for which lim is a
x 0 xn x 0 x2
finite non-zero number, is (2002) real number, then a is equal to (2003)
(a) 1 (b) 2 n 1
(a) 0 (b)
(c) 3 (d) 4 n
Ans. (c)
1
(c) n (d) n 
 cos x  1  cos x  e x
 n
Sol. lim Ans. (d)
x 0 n
x

 a  n  nx  tan x sin nx  0
1  cos x1 cos x  cos x  ex  Sol. lim
 lim  x 0 x2
n
x0 x 1 cos x

lim
 a  n  nx  tan x . sin nx .n  0
2 x 0 x nx
 sin x  1  cos x e x  1
    
 x   x x 
 lim  a  n nx tan x
x0 xn3  lim  lim 0
x0 x x0 x

If L is finite non-zero then n – 3 = 0 n(a - n) – 1 = 0

n=3
1 1
10. Let f : R  R be such that f (1) = 3 and f  (1) = 6, then  an   a  n
n n
1/ x
 f 1  x  
lim   equals : (2002) 12. The value of l im ((sin x)1/x + (1/x)sin x), where x > 0 is
x 0 
 f 1 
x 0

(2006)
1
(a) 0 (b) –1
(a) 1 (b) e2
(c) 1 (d) 2
(c) e2 (d) e3
Ans. (c)
Ans. (c)
 1 sin x 
1
1
Sol. lim  sin x  x    
 f 1  x  x x 0 
 x 
Sol. lim  
x 0  f (1) 
1 sin x
1
lim  sin x  x  lim  
 f 1 x  1 x 0 x 0  x 
1.
= xlim 
f (1) x
e 0 
1
lim  sin x  log  
 0e x  0 x  sin x  1 as x  0
 f 1 x   f (1) 
lim  
xf (1)
 e x 0 
1
log x x
lim  lim (L’H rule)
cos ec x
 f '1 x  
lim    e x0  e x0 cos ecx cot x
f (1)  (By L’H rule)
 e x0
sin x
lim .tan x
= e2 x
 e x  0  e0  1
 LIMITS 39

13. If lim [1  x log (1  b 2 )] x  2b sin 2 , b > 0 and 1  b 

x 0 1  a  b  
 lim x 4
(–, ], then the value of is (2011) x   1
x 1  
 x
 
(a)  (b) 
4 3 1 – a – b = 4 b = –4
15. Let  (a) and (a) be the roots of the equation
 
(c)  (d) 
6 2
 3

1  a 1 x2   1 a 1 x    6

1  a  1  0,
Ans. (d)
where a > –1. Then, lim (a) and alim
 0
(a) are (2012)
1 a 0

Sol. lim 1  x ln
x 0 

1 b 2 x
  2b sin 2
5 1
(a)  and 1 (b)  and  1
2 2

lim
 
x ln 1b 2
7 9
 e x 0 x
 2b sin 2  (c)  and 2 (d)  and 3
2 2
1 + b2 = 2bsin2 Ans. (b)

1 Sol. Let a + 1 = y
 2 sin 2   b  1
(by AM  GM , b   2 when 6>0) given equation becomes
b b
2sin2 2  1   1   1 
2 2
sin  1  sin  = 1 sin= 1  y 3  1 x2   y 2  1 x   y 6  1  0
     
     

  
2
 1   1   1 
 y 3 1  2  y 2 1   y 6 1 
 x2  x  1   x  x 0
14. If xlim   ax  b   4, then (2012)  y  1   y  1   y  1 

 x  1 
     
(a) a = 1, b = 4 (b) a = 1, b = –4
as a 0 y  1, we get
(c) a = 2, b = –3 (d) a = 2, b = 3
Ans. (b) 1 2 1 1 1
x  x   0  x  1, 
3 2 6 2
 x2  x  1 
Sol. lim   ax  b   4 1
 
x 
 x 1   lim   a   1, lim  (a) 
a  0 a 0  2 .

 1  a  x 2  1  a  b  x  1  b   (1  cos 2x) (3  cos x)

lim  4 16. lim is equal to (2013)
x   x 1  x 0 x tan 4x


for the limit to be finite and non-zero 1 1

(a)  (b)
1 – a = 0 a = 1 4 2

x 1  a  b   1  b  (c) 1 (d) 2
 lim 4
x  x 1 Ans. (d)
 40 LIMITS

1  cos 2 x  3  cos x  1 1 1
lim    .
3 8  8 64
Sol. x 0 tan 4 x 8a
x .4 x
4x
1  x(1 |1  x |)  1 
18. Let f (x)  cos   for x  1. then
|1  x | 1 x 
= lim
 2sin 2 x   3  cos x 
(2017)
x 0 2
4x (a) lim x 1 f (x)  0

1 sin 2 x (b) lim x 1 f (x)  0

 . lim , lim  3  cos x 
2 x 0 x 2 x 0 (c) lim x 1 f (x) does not exist

1 (d) lim x 1 f (x) does not exist

 4  2 .
2 Ans. (b,c)
Multiple Answers Questions
1  x 1  1  x   1 
Sol. f ( x)  cos  
x2 2 2 1 x 1 x 
a a x 
17. Let L  lim 4 , a  0 . If L is finite, then
x 0 x4
1  x 1  1  x   1 
(2009) now lim f ( x)  lim cos  
x 1 x1 1  x   1 x 
(a) a = 2 (b) a = 1
 1 
1 1 lim 1  x  cos  0
(c) L  (d) L  x 1  1 x 
64 32
Ans. (a,c) 1  x 1  1  x   1 
and lim f ( x)  lim cos  
x 1 x 1 x 1  1 x 
x2 2 2
a a x 
Sol. L  lim 4 .a  0
 1 
x 0 x 4 lim   x  1 cos   which does not exist.
x 1  x 1

x x Fill in the Blanks


a2  x2 4
 lim (by L’H rule) x
19. lim (1  x) tan  ... (1978)
x 0 4 x3 x 1 2

x
1 1 Sol. lim 1  x  tan
 x 1 2
a2  x2 2
 lim
x 0 4 x2  x
 lim 1  x  cot   
 L is finite limiting value of numerator should be zero
x1 2 2 
as x 0

1 1 1 x 1  x  2 2
   0  a  2 ( a > 0)  lim  lim 2  
  
a2 2 x1 
tan  1  x  
x1   
tan  1  x  
 2   2 
x
3/2

L  lim
 a 2  x2  (by L’H rule)
x 0 8x
 LIMITS 41

 4 1 2  Now BD   BO 2   OD 2  r2  h  r 
2
  x sin    x  
x
20. lim      ... .
(1987)
x   (1 | x |3 )  BD  2rh  h2
 
 
BD  2 2rh  h2
(1988)
1
 Area of ABC   BC  AD
 4 1 2 2
 x sin x  x 
lim  
Sol. x   1 x
3
  h 2rh  h 2
 
A h 2rh  h 2
1 Also hlim  lim
 4 2 0 p3 h0 3
 x sin x  x  8  2rh  h 2  2rh 
 lim    
x   1  x3 
  3
h2 2 rh  h
lim
h 0 3
 1 1  3
x 4  sin  2  8h 2 
 2r  h  2 r 
 x x 
 lim
x  1 
x 3   1 2r 1
x   
3 128r .
8  2r  2r 
1 1
x sin  sin x4
 lim x  lim x  1 x6
1 . 22. lim    .... . (1991)
x  1 x  x  x  1
 
x
x4
21. ABC is an isosceles triangle inscribed in a circle of radius  x6
Sol. lim   (1 form)
r. If AB = AC and h is the altitude from A to BC, then the x   x  1 

triangle ABC has perimeter P  2 ( 2hr  h 2  2hr )

 x6 
lim  1
 e x  x 1   
A . x 4
and area A = ... . Also, lim  ... . (1989)
h 0 P3
Sol. In ABC  4
5 x1 
lim  x
 5 x  4    1
lim   x  x 1 
x  x 1   x
 e e
= e5

1/ x 2
 1  5x 2 
23. lim    ... . (1996)
x 0 1  3x 2
 

1
 1  5 x2  x2
Sol. lim   (1 form)
x 0  1  3 x 2 

AB = BC
AD BC (D is mid point of BC)
 1 5 x 2  1
Let r = radius of circumcircle. lim  1.
x 0 13 x 2  x 2
e
 42 LIMITS

 2 x2  1 1 log 1  x  1
lim  .  . .dx
x 0 1 3 x 2  x 2 I II
e  e2 0

log (1  2h)  2 log (1  h) 1 1 x

24. lim  ... . (1997)   x log 1  x     dx
h 0 h2 0
0 1 x

log 1  2h   2 log 1  h  1
Sol. lim
h 0 h 2  00 form   log 2  
x  11
dx .
0 x 1
Apply L’H rule
1 1
 log 2   x 0   log 1  x  
2 2 0

 lim 1  2 h 1  h  lim 2 1  h  1  2h 
 log 2  1  log 2
h 0 2h h 0 2h 1  h 1  2h 

4
2 h log L  log 4  log e  log
 lim e
h 0 2h 1  h 1  2h 
4 4
= -1 L   L     1 .
e e
25. For each positive integer n, let
True/False
1
1
y n    n  1 n  2  ...  n  n   n .
n 26. If lim
x a
[f (x) g(x)] exists, then both lim
x a
f(x) and lim
x a
g(x)
For x   , let [x] be the greatest integer less than or exist. (1981)
Sol. Given statement is false
equal to x. If nlim

y n  L, then the value of [L] is _____.
Subjective Problems
(2018)
Sol. We have  x 1 
27. Evaluate the following limit lim  2  (1978)
x 1  2x  7x  5 
1
1
yn   n  1 n  2  ......  n  n   n x 1 x 1 1
n lim  lim 
Sol. x 1
2 x   7 x  5
2 x 1  x  1  2 x  5  3

and nlim

yn  L
 x 
1
28. Evaluate lim (1  x) tan   (1978)
1 x 1  2 
L  lim  n  1 n  2  n  3 ..........  n  n   n
n  n
x   x 
Sol. lim 1  x  tan    lim 1  x  cot   
1 x 1  2  x 1 2 2 
 1   2   3   n  n
 lim 1   1   1   .........  1   
n   n  n  n   n  
1  x  1  x  2
 lim  lim 2 .
 
log L  lim
1  1

 2  n 
log 1    log 1    ........  log  1   
x1 
tan  1  x  
x1
tan 1  x  
n  n   n  n  n   2  2

1 n  r 
2
log. L  lim  log 1   .
n  n r 1  n 

1
0 log 1  x  dx
 LIMITS 43

33. The largest value of the non-negative integer a for which

x  sin x
29. Evaluate lim (1979)
x 0 x  cos 2 x 1 x
 ax  sin  x  1  a 1 x 1
lim    is (2014)
x 1  x  sin  x  1  1  4
x  sin x 00  
Sol. lim  0
x 0 2 0 1
x  cos x Ans. (2)

(a  h) 2 sin (a  h)  a 2 sin a 34. Let m and n be two positive integers greater than 1. If
30. Evaluate lim (1980)  ecos n   e 
h 0 h
lim      e  m
 0  m  2
then the value of is (2015)
2   n
2
 a  h sin  a  h   a sin a  0 
Sol. lim  form  Ans. (0002)
h 0 h 0 
Apply L’H rule. x 2 sin(x)
35. Let ,   R be such that lim =1. Then 6( + )
x 0
x  sin x
2 equals
2  a  h  sin  a  h    a  h  cos  a  h  (2016)
lim
h 0 1
x 2 sin  x
= 2a sin a + a cos a 2 Sol. lim 1
x 0  x  sin x

a x 1
31. Use the formula lim  log e a, to find
x 0 x 
x2   x 
  x 3    x 5 ....
 3! 5! 
2x  1 lim   1
lim
x  0 (1  x)1/ 2  1
(1982) x 0  x3 x5 
 x   x   .... 
 3! 5! 

2x 1
x lim
2 1 x 0 x
Sol. lim    3 x2 
x 0 1 1 x3     ....
1  x  2 1
lim
1  x  2 1
 3! 
x 0 x lim 1
x 0 x3 x5
  1 x    ......
3! 5!
log e2
  2log e2 limit exists when  – 1 = 0  = 1
1 .
2
 x2  3 
 x3     ....
32.
1/ x
Find lim {tan (  x)} . (1993)  3!   1
x 0 4 lim
x 0  2 
1 x
x3    ..... 
1  3! 6! 
 
   x
Sol. lim  tan   x  
x 0   4  6= 1
Now 6() = 6 + 6= 6 + 1 = 7
    1
lim tan  x 1.
e x  0  4   x

1tan x  1
lim  1.
 ex0 1tan x  x

 2tan x  1
lim  .
x  1tan x
 ex0   e2