REPORT ON

BANKING SECTOR
BY HARSHA SHARMA
EVOLUTION TO INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
THE STRUCTURE OF INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
Reserve Bank of India

Banks Financial Institutions

• Public sector banks (12) • All-India financial institutions

• Private sector banks (22) • State-level institutions
• Foreign banks (44) • Other institutions
• Regional rural banks (RRB) (43)
• Urban cooperative banks (1,484)
• Rural cooperative banks (96,000)
TOP 10 BANKS IN INDIA

1. HDFC Bank (Rs 8,758.29 Cr) 2. State Bank of India (Rs 5,196.22 Cr)

3. ICICI Bank (Rs 4,939.59 Cr) 4. Axis Bank (Rs

1,116.60 Cr)
5. Kotak Mahindra Bank (Rs 1,853.54 Cr) 6. Induslnd Bank (Rs 852.76 Cr)

7. Punjab National Bank (Rs 506.03 Cr) 8. Bank Of Baroda (Rs

1,061.11 Cr)

9. Bank Of India (Rs 540.72 10. Yes Bank (Rs 150.71

Cr) Cr)
TOP 10 BANKS OF THE WORLD

2. China Construction Bank Corporation

1. Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC)
•Headquarters: China
•Headquarters: China •Founded by: Ministry of Finance of the People’s
•Founded:1 January 1984 Republic of China
•Number of employees:4,53,048 (2018) •Founded:1 October 1954
•Market cap: $246.5 billion •Number of employees:3,45,971
•Total assets: $4,614 billion •Market cap: $257.3 billion
•Total assets: $4,354 billion
3. Agricultural Bank of China
•Headquarters: Beijing, China
•President: Zhao Huan
•Number of employees:4,67,631
•Market cap: $203.2 billion
•Total assets: $4,214 billion
5. JPMorgan Chase
•CEO: Jamie Dimon
•Headquarters: United States
•Founded:1 December 2000
•Market cap: $488.4 billion (1st)
•Total assets: $3,684 billion
4. Bank of China Ltd.
•Headquarters: China
•Founder: Chen Jintao
•Founded:5 February 1912
•Number of employees:3,11,000
•Market cap: $181.4 billion
•Total assets: $4,073 billion
6. Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group
•CEO: Hironori Kamezawa
•Headquarters: Japan
•Number of employees:1,68,400
•Market cap: $111.6 billion
•Total assets: $3,100 billion
7. BNP Paribas
•CEO: Jean-Laurent Bonnafé
•Revenue:4,459.7 crores EUR
•Parent organization: BGL BNP Paribas
•Market cap: $93.3 billion
•Total assets: $3,080 billion
9. Bank of America (BoA)
•Headquarters: United States
•Revenue:8,552 crores USD
•Employees:2,13,000
•Market cap: $279.2 billion
•Total assets: $2,820 billion
8. HSBC Holdings
plc
•Headquarters: United Kingdom
•CEO: Noel Quinn
•Founder: Thomas Sutherland
•Founded:3 March 1865
•Market cap: $219.2 billion
•Total assets: $2,984 billion
10. Crédit Agricole
•Headquarters: Montrouge, France
•CEO: Philippe Brassac
•Founded:5 November 1894
•Market cap: $52.1 billion
•Total assets: $2,278 billion
GROWTH DRIVERS OF INDIAN BANKING SECTOR

1. Economic and demographic drivers

• Favourable demographics and rising income levels.
• India ranks among the top 7 economies with a GDP of US$ 2.73 trillion in 2018.
• The sector will benefit from structural economic stability and continued credibility of Monetary Policy.

2. Policy support
• The Government passed the Banking Regulation (Amendment) Bill 2017 to empower RBI to deal with NPAs in
the banking sector.
• The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Ordinance, 2017 Bill was passed by Rajya Sabha to
strengthen the banking sector (as of Jan 2018).
3. Infrastructure financing
• India currently spends 6% of GDP on infrastructure; NITI Aayog expects this fraction to grow going
ahead.
• As per Union Budget 2019-20, investment driven growth requires access to low-cost capital, which
requires an investment of Rs. 20 lakh crores (US$ 300 billion) every year.

4. Open banking ecosystem

• The open banking eco-system in India has now grown to include Non-Banking Financial Company
(NBFC) and other fintech players that have created partnerships within the banking system.
5. Cross-border payments
• Visa Inc. has sought RBI’s permission to offer a new cross-border payments system to process trade
flows to and from India. It will be offering a potentially cheaper, quicker and blockchain-based solution now
on trial.

6. Government initiatives
• Government has smoothly carried out consolidation, reducing the number of public
sector banks by eight.
• The Government of India will invest Rs. 48,239 crore (US$ 6.78 billion) in 12 public sector banks in
FY20 to help maintain regulatory capital requirements and financial growth in India.
• The Government of India will invest Rs. 5,042 crore (US$ 730.88 million) in Bank of Baroda post
its merger with two other public sector lenders, Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank.
FIVE FORCES MODEL FOR INDIAN BANKING INDUSTRY

• Threat of New Entrants

The average person can’t come along and start up a bank, but there are services, such as internet bill
payment, on which entrepreneurs can capitalize. Banks are fearful of being squeezed out of the payments
business, because it is a good source of fee-based revenue. Another trend that poses a threat is
companies offering other financial services. What would it take for an insurance company to start offering
mortgage and loan services? Not much. Also, when analyzing a regional bank, remember that the
possibility of a megabank entering into the market poses a real threat. In Indian banking industry, the main
threats are foreign players and Non Banking Finance Companies
• Power of Suppliers

The suppliers of capital might not pose a big threat, but the threat of suppliers luring away human capital
does. In Indian Banking industry, RBI acts as a regulator which pose a big threat for banks as a supplier of
money

• Power of Buyers

The individual doesn’t pose much of a threat to the banking industry, but one major factor affecting the
power of buyers is relatively high switching costs. If a person has a mortgage, car loan, credit card,
checking account and mutual funds with one particular bank, it can be extremely tough for that person to
switch to another bank. In an attempt to lure in customers, banks try to lower the price of switching, but
many people would still rather stick with their current bank. On the other hand, large corporate clients have
banks wrapped around their little fingers. Financial institutions – by offering better exchange rates, more
services, and exposure to foreign capital markets – work extremely hard to get high-margin corporate
clients.
• Availability of Substitutes

As you can probably imagine, there are plenty of substitutes in the banking industry. Banks offer a suite of
services over and above taking deposits and lending money, but whether it is insurance, mutual funds or fixed
income securities, chances are there is a non-banking financial services company that can offer similar
services. On the lending side of the business, banks are seeing competition rise from unconventional
companies. All offer preferred financing to customers who buy big ticket items. If car companies are offering
0% financing, why would anyone want to get a car loan from the bank and pay 5-10% interest?

• Competitive Rivalry

The banking industry is highly competitive. The financial services industry has been around for hundreds of
years, and just about everyone who needs banking services already has them. Because of this, banks must
attempt to lure clients away from competitor banks. They do this by offering lower financing, preferred rates
and investment services. The banking sector is in a race to see who can offer both the best and fastest
services, but this also causes banks to experience a lower ROA. They then have an incentive to take on high-
risk projects. In the long run, we’re likely to see more consolidation in the banking industry. Larger banks would
prefer to take over or merge with another bank rather than spend the money to market and advertise to people.