Drug literature Contains all information of the drug

DRUG INTERACTION

• ADDITIVE EFFECT
- 2 Drugs with similar actions are taken for a doubled effect.
- EX Propoxyphene (opphiod)
Aspirin = added
Analgesic effect

Ophiod – centraly acting medication dealing with central nervous system

- Caffeine + paracetamol (Saridon, Rexidol forte)

• SYNERGISTIC EFFECT
- The combined effect of 2 drugs is greater than the effect of each drug given alone
- The difference is the mode of action

Ex: Ampicillin+ sulbactum = ampicillin sulbactam – Prolonged action of the antibiotic

• Antagonistic Effect
- 1 Drug interferes with the action of another (dle pwede isabay kay mag complicate)
- Will always happen with antacid
- Absorption happens in Small Intestine (parts of intestine, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum)
- Distribution happens in Circulatory System
- Metabolism happens in liver
- Excretion major organ system is Excretory system (Liver)

Ex: Tetracyline + antacid = DECREASE absorption of the tetracycline

- Vit. K.(blood thinner) + warfarin (coagulant )

- Heparin (blood thinner) + protamine (coagulant)

• INTERFERENCE
- 1 Drug inhibits the met. / excretion of a 2nd drug, causing INCREASE activity of the 2nd drug

Ex. Probenecid + spectinomycin = PROLONGED antibacterial activity from spectinomycin due to blocking
renal excretion by probenecid

• INCOMPATIBILITY
- Should not be mixed together or administered at the same site;

Ex: Ampicillin + gentamicin = amp. Inactivates gentamicin

- Blood Transfusion

FIXATION ONCE THE PATIENT TAKES MEDICATION

• PHOTOSENSITIVITY
- Skin reaction d/t exposure to sunlight
• Hypersensitivity / Allergic Reaction
- Hypersensitive response of the client’s immunological system in the presence of a drug

Always ask the patient if he/she has an allergy.

- Always carry anti histamine if you have allergy

- Laringal plasm will happen if administered

• IDIOSYNCRATIC REACTION
- May occur when the client is first exposed to the drug; result of abnormal reactivity to a drug
caused by genetic differences between the client and non-reacting individuals.

PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION

• DRUGS do not create new cellular functions but rather alter existing ones

Ex. Antibiotic slows the growth and/ or reproduction of microbial organisms DRUG ACTION is relative to
the physiological state which existed when the drug was administered.

CANCER CELLS = FAST GROWING CELLS

Antibiotic = Will find the bacteria that are destroying the cells and kill it

• DRUGS may interact with the body in several ways:

- Alter the chemical composition of a body fluid
- Laxative interaction is with the fluid inside the body
- Accumulate in certain tissues because of their affinity for a tissue component (Gasseous
anesthetic para maka tulog ang patient ) Gasseous anesthetic may have affinity in the lining of
the vessel causing depression of nerve cell ending
- By forming a chemical bond with specific receptors with in the body

• DIFFERENT DRUGS whose molecules precisely fit into a given receptor elicit a comparable drug
response; those which do not perfectly fir produce only a weak or no response at all.

Ex. HORMONES LIKE INSULIN

• AGONIST – ANTAGONIST drugs exert some agonist as well as antagonist action

AGONIST – drugs which interact with a receptor to produce a response

ANTAGONIST – drugs interact to inhibit or prevent the action of an agonist

Ex.

- Depression of CNS by nactrotic agonists – morphine reversed by

- Narcotic antagonist – Narcan (Naloxone
PRINCIPLES APPLIED TO PHARMACOLOGY

C – Check why the medication is given and know the classification of the drug

H- How will you know if the medication is effective? What are your assessment parameters in
monitoring the effects of the drug?

E – Exactly what time should the medication be given?

C – Client teaching tips. What are the therapeutic and side effects of the medication

K – Keys to giving it safely. You should be able to identify interventions to counteract the adverse effects
of the drug

BIPEDAL EDEMA OR FLUID RETENTION SO NURSING INTERVENTION IS NEEDED