PIGGERY WASTE ODOR ELIMINATOR MADE OUT OF CHARCOAL

AND

A Science Investigatory Project

Presented to
TALUMPOK INTEGRATED SCHOOL

As a requirement in Science

Lontoc, King Gabriel Wayne M.

Dionido, Ashley M.
Delica, Gian Lei E.
Alcos, Angelica P.

2022
 CHAPTER I
Introduction
Hog production from April to June 2022 was recorded at 418.40 thousand metric tons,
liveweight. This indicates an annual increase of 3.0 percent relative to its previous year’s
level of 406.07 thousand metric tons, liveweight. Central Visayas was the top producer of
hog during the quarter with 57.43 thousand metric tons, liveweight or 13.7 percent share,
(PSA, 2022). Our piggery and poultry in the Philippines are prosper and beneficial but there
are some problems and complications to us residents.

Farms are powerful sources of environmental pollution. Annually, billions of cubic

meters of water vapour , carbon dioxide, ammonia, hundreds of thousands of cubic meters of
hydrogen sulfide, tens of thousands of tons of dust, and pathogenic microflora are released
from the premises of livestock farms in Russia. According to Belarusian scientists, the Sozh
pig complex in the Gomel region for 108 thousand pigs emits 56 kg of ammonia and 15-20
kg of dust into the atmosphere in 1 hour, and unpleasant odours spread to a distance of 5 km
(Samarin, 2021). Meanwhile, in the Angeles City Pampanga, Philippines,the foul odor
emanating from 13 large-scale and 43 backyard poultry and hog farms worsens when it rains,
and has been a problem since the 1970’s. Late last year, civil society organizations, the
church and residents mounted a protest against the smelly industry, to no avail. Backyard pig
raising is a common economic activity among households in the rural barangays of Batangas
province. They revealed that owners have experienced and discovered the production cost
and and increased the product's price. One notable issue is the lack of knowledge in handling
pig waste. The smell will continually spread across the street and baranggays causing them
disturbance and diseases.
Furthermore, as to foul odor, (Paje, 2013) suggested hog raisers to frequently clean
their area to contain animal manure and minimize odor. Studies showed that livestock houses
are one of the sources of particulate matter (PM), a kind of pollution that is small enough to
be suspended in the atmosphere. PM is made up of a number of components including acids,
organic chemicals, metals, solid or dust particles which when inhaled can affect the heart and
lungs. Aside from PM, livestock farms emit gases such as ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane
and nitrous oxide which contribute to global warming and are dangerous to human health.
Likewise, livestock production impacts the surrounding environment through surface and
ground water contamination, air quality, and unpleasant odors emitted from the farms
(DENR). The residents complaints about the polluted air and stinky smell coming from the
pig/chicken waste. It causes diarrhea to others. It is possible that the animal waste can mix
and pollute the water, how? Example, in Talumpok, this area expect water from a spring that
came from rivers and stream. A stream can be flowed and mixed by pig waste. Polluting air
and water with toxic waste particles. Waste from pig farms can carry pathogens, bacteria
(often antibiotic resistant), and heavy metals that can be toxic when ingested. Pig waste also
contributes to groundwater pollution in the forms of groundwater seepage and waste spray
into neighboring areas with sprinklers. The contents in the spray and waste drift have been
shown to cause mucosal irritation, respiratory ailment, increased stress, decreased quality of
life, and higher blood pressure.
 There some inventions that helps in reducing the pig waste odors, and biofiltration is one
of them. Biofiltration can reduce odor and hydrogen sulfide emissions from livestock
facilities by as much as 95% and ammonia by 65% (Nicolai & Janni,2000) This method of
odor control has been shown to be both economical and effective in swine raising systems.
Biofilters are most easily adapted to mechanically ventilated buildings or on the pit fans of
naturally ventilated buildings. Biofilters can also treat air vented from under manure storage
covers. However, biofiltration does have some drawbacks, such as the need for complex
water and air distribution systems, backwash requirements, occasional massive biofilm
sloughing and a high nitrite residue in the effluent (Buttiglieri et al., 2005).So that's why the
researchers came up with this study because in our community, there’s a lot of resources that
can be used as an alternative and being a budget friendly product for eliminating odor from
piggeries and and a raw material for making an charcoal. By that, the researchers can get it
for free. The use of charcoal can help in fighting the strong odor or smell. It is a form of
carbon that has a very large surface. The odors and impurities are held to the surfaced with
Van der Waals forces. The capability of removing notable amounts of these impurities or
odors is thanks to the extraordinarily large surface of the charcoal. And for the pandan leaves,
it is an aromatic plant prized for its sweet floral fragrance and versatility. It also has low
levels of essential oil, including 2- acetyl-1-pyrroline (which also gives the aroma). Pandan
leaves are widely used in Indonesia and Malaysia as an insect repellent to keep away pests
like cockroaches, ants and especially the characteristic natural aroma of pandan leaves is very
disliked by flies. In our community, this pandan leaves are rich and abundant, and can easily
be found because this plant is all year round.
As a result, the researchers found a way that can eliminate the odor coming from the
piggeries and poultry by using charcoal and pandan leaves. By making a powdered solution
out of charcoal and pandan leaves, they can solve this certain problem. And also, the
researchers want to help in reducing the case of having a respiratory diseases, diarrhea,
mucosal irritation, respiratory ailment, increased stress, decreased quality of life, and higher
blood pressure, and to reduce the pollution in air and water.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to create analysis of effectivity and odor control found in activated charcoal
and dried pandan leaves.
1. Specifically, it aims to determine the variant amount of charcoal and dried pandan leaves
1.1. 30:70 ( 30% Charcoal and 70% Dried Pandan Leaves)
1.2. 50:50 (50% Charcoal and 50% Dried Pandan Leaves)
1.3. 70:30 (70% Charcoal and 30% Dried Pandan Leaves)
2. To determine the characteristics of the product, we have to identify the:
2.1. Effectiveness
2.2. Odor Control
2.3. Period of time of effectivity
3. Is pandan leaves still have scent after getting dried and powdered?
Scope and Limitations of the Study
Significance of the Study
We come up on this idea of or piggery waste odor eliminator out of charcoal and
pandan dry leaves, because in our community the researchers discover that there are some
peoples or families who lives next to a piggery. We found out that some families or an
individual will move to another place and sell their house because of the bad smell that
causes some bad effects on them that is coming from both farms.
To Cooperatives, this study can be a great opportunity to them because this will serve
as a new knowledge and skills for teaching their farm members an innovative, budget and
eco-friendly solution in handling pig waste instead of using costly machines or solutions in
eliminating pig wastes.
To Farmers, taking care of pigs are not easy, they always need to clean the cage and
waste of pigs. After cleaning, the waste flows to the river which can cause sickness to other
people living nearby the piggery. With our study this can help them remove the odor and so
that they will not let it flow to rivers anymore.
To residences, having a house beside a piggery is not easy, the odor coming from the
piggery will go into their houses. This also has an effect to the family that has a baby or a
child in their home. The odor can cause a different respiratory diseases. The disturbance of
the waste odor is the main reason why the people/residents migrate to the other places. This
study will help to reduce the waste odor coming from the piggery that’s affect them.