Khadija Akter

Lecturer
Department of Pharmacy
BSMRSTU
Contents

Percentage calculations
Alcoholic dilutions
Alligation method
Proof sprit calculations
Isotonic solutions
Psology
Temperature measurements
Dialysis clearance
Pharmacokinetics
Introduction

To have a complete understanding of various

types of calculations, which are involved in
dispensing, it is desirable that the pharmacist
should have a through knowledge regarding
weights and measures which are used in
calculations.

There are two systems of weights and measures.

1. The Imperial system

2. The metric system
Weight measures
Capacity measures
Conversion table for domestic measures

0.05 ml

5.00 ml

10.00 ml
 Alcoholic dilutions

Final volume × Percentage required

Required volume of alcohol =
Stock percentage
= (400 × 45) ÷ 95

= 189.47 ml

Then add distilled water q.s.to. (210.53 ml) to get 400 ml 45% alcoholic solution.
Problems

1. Calculate the amount of 87% alcohol required

to preapre 250 ml of 70% alcohol.

2.Calculate the amount of 85% ethanol required

to prepare 500 ml of 67% ethanol.
Alligation method
When the calculation involves mixing of two
similar preparations of different strengths, to
produce a preparation of intermediate strength,
the alligation method is used.
Example cont.---

Volume of alcohol required = [(600 × 70) ÷ 95] = 442.11 ml

Volume of water required = [(600 × 25) ÷ 95] = 157.89 ml

or Directly = (600 – 442.11) = 157.89 ml

Calculation:

Quantity required = 20 parts of 60% + 10 parts of 50% + 10

parts of 30% + 20 parts of 20% alcohol are mixed together,
to get final volume of alcohol.

i.e., (20 × 60 + 10 × 50 + 10 × 30 + 20 × 20)

= 1200 + 500 + 300 + 400
= 2400 ml

And---------
20 + 10 + 10 + 20 = 60

Now --------
X × 60 = 2400

X = 2400 ÷ 60 = 40
Proof sprit calculations
Isotonic solutions
Posology
Importance of pharmaceutical calculation