POST- COLONIAL SOCIETY critical of the government

▪ Ordered arrest of political opponents and

EDSA PEOPLE POWER REVOLUTION critics
▪Series of popular demonstrations from 1983 -
1986 The 1973 Constitution
▪Methods used: ▪Marcos would abolish the 1935 Constitution
▪ Civil resistance against regime and replace
violence and electoral fraud with parliamentary style government along with
▪Led to departure of Marcos to Hawaii and a new
restoration of country’s democracy▪Majority of constitution
demonstrations took place in the long stretch of ▪Constitution ratified through citizen assemblies
EDSA from Feb 22-25, 1986 (tapok
tapok, pulong-pulong) (not in accordance with
▪ Involved 2 million Filipino civilians as well as the 1935
several political, military, and religious leaders Constitution)
including Jaime Cardinal Sin
The economy
Marcos First Term, 1965 - 1969 ▪Marcos set up a regime that would give him
▪Defeated re-electionist Macapagal by narrow ultimate
margin power over the military and national treasury
▪Actively initiated public works projects and ▪Embezzled money from the government and
intensification issued
of tax collections orders against political competitors
▪“built more roads than all his predecessors ▪As a result, the economy tumbled greatly, and
combined” came
to be labeled as “sick man of Asia
Marcos Second Term , 1969- 1973
▪Amidst charges of vote buying and fraudulent
election,
Marcos was re-elected in 1969, defeating
Osmena Jr.
▪Second term was marred by widespread graft
and
corruption
▪Led in disparity of wealth between the rich and
the poor
▪Rising civil discontent and unrest
▪ Formation of CPP-NPA that called for
redistribution of wealth and land
redistribution
▪ Bloody separatist movement in the
South, led by MNLF
▪Marcos was barred from running for a third
term as
president in 1973
▪On Sept 23, 1972, by virtue of PP 1081, he
declared martial
law, citing civil disobedience as justification

▪Through this decree, Marcos:

▪ Seized emergency powers, giving full
control over
military and authority to suppress
freedom of speech, freedom of the press,
and many civil liberties
▪ Dissolved Congress and shut down media
establishments