Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PPL(A)
Compliant to (EU) No. 1178/2011
and
AMC FCL.115, .120, .210, .215
(Extract)
90 – Navigation
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
Publisher:
AIRCADEMY LTD. LPLUS GmbH
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Please note that this extract contains about 75% of the questions of the entire examination
question bank.
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v2015.4 2
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
2 The distance between the Earth and the sun is approximately... (1,00 P.)
150000000 km
300000 km
150000000 NM
162000 NM
3 Which statement is correct with regard to the positional orientation of the polar axis
of the Earth to the plane of the ecliptic (plane of the sun's movement in space)? (1,00
P.)
The angle between the polar axis of the Earth and the plane of the ecliptic is approximately 66.5°
The angle between the polar axis of the Earth and the plane of the ecliptic is approximately 23.5°
The polar axis of the Earth is parallel to the plane of the ecliptic
The angle between the polar axis of the Earth and the plane of the ecliptic is approximately 90°
4 The reason for the different seasons on Earth is... (1,00 P.)
the elliptical orbit of the Earth around the sun.
the variation of the solar radiation during the year.
the inclination of the polar axis to the plane of the ecliptic (plane of the sun's movement in
space).
the variation of the Earth's orbital speed during the year.
5 The rotational axis of the Earth crosses the earth at the... (1,00 P.)
geographic North Pole and on the geographic South Pole.
magnetic north pole and on the geographic South Pole.
geographic North Pole and on the magnetic south pole.
magnetic north pole and on the magnetic south pole.
v2015.4 3
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
Which statement is correct with regard to the rotational direction of the Earth?
O: Observer
A: Axis
NH: Northern hemisphere
E: Equator
SH: Southern hemisphere (1,00 P.)
The Earth is rotating counterclockwise
The Earth is rotating to the north
The Earth is rotating to the south
The Earth is rotating clockwise
7 Which statement is correct with regard to the polar axis of the Earth? (1,00 P.)
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is
perpendicular to the plane of the equator
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole
and is perpendicular to the plane of the equator
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the magnetic south pole and the magnetic north pole and is
at an angle of 66.5° to the plane of the equator
The polar axis of the Earth crosses the geographic South Pole and the geographic North Pole
and is at an angle of 23.5° to the plane of the equator
8 Which geometrical form describes the shape of the Earth best for navigation
systems? (1,00 P.)
Perfect sphere
Sphere of ecliptical shape
Ellipsoid
Flat plate
v2015.4 4
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
10 Which of the following arcs does not have the Earth's center as its center? (1,00 P.)
Equator
Parallel of longitude
Great Circle
Small Cirle
11 The shortest distance between two points on Earth is represented by a part of... (1,00
P.)
a small circle.
a great circle.
a rhumb line.
a parallel of latitude.
v2015.4 5
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
v2015.4 6
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
20 Which climate zones are divided by the polar circle? (1,00 P.)
Subtropical and tropical
Temperate and subtropical
Polar and subtropical
Polar and temperate
21 What is the distance between the parallels of latitude 48°N and 49°N? (1,00 P.)
60''
60 NM
60 SM
60 km
v2015.4 7
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
22 What is the great circle distance between two parallels of latitude when the difference
in between is exactly one degree of latitude? (1,00 P.)
60 NM
1 NM
60 km
30 NM
23 Point A on the Earth's surface lies exactly on the parallel of latitude of 47°50'27''N.
25 What is the distance between the two parallels of longitude 150°E and 151°E on the
equator? (1,00 P.)
60 SM
60 km
111 km
111 NM
26 What is the distance between the two parallels of longitude 9°E and 10°E on the
parallel of latitude 50°N?
(1,00 P.)
60 NM
222 km
56 km
60'
v2015.4 8
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
27 What is the great circle distance between two points A and B on the equator when the
difference between the two associated meridians is exactly one degree of longitude?
(1,00 P.)
60 NM
120 NM
216 NM
400 NM
28 Assume two arbitrary points A and B on the same parallel of latitude, but not on the
equator. Point A is located on 010°E and point B on 020°E.
29 Assume two points A and B, both located on 60°N. Point A is located on 020°W, point
B on 010°W.
The rhumb line distance to the position 60°N 000°W on the Greenwich meridian
equals... (2,00 P.)
1200 NM.
600 NM.
2400 km.
1200 km.
31 What is the difference in time when the sun moves 20° of longitude? (1,00 P.)
1:00 h
0:40 h
1:20 h
0:20 h
v2015.4 9
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
32 What is the difference in time when the sun moves 10° of longitude? (1,00 P.)
0:40 h
1:00 h
0:04 h
0:30 h
See annex 1
N48°00`, E014°00´.
S48°00`, W012°53`.
N48°00`, E012°53`.
S48°00`, E013°07`.
See annex 2
N47°57', E013°00'.
N47°58', E012°54'.
N47°49', E012°59'.
N48°14', E012°59'.
v2015.4 10
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
See annex 2
N47°47', E013°00'.
N47°48', E012°53'.
N47°49', E012°59'.
N48°14', E012°59'.
See annex 2
N48°14', E014°11'.
N48°13', E014°06'.
N48°10', E014°02'.
N48°12', E013°20'.
See annex 2
N48°14', E014°11'.
N48°13', E014°06'.
N48°10', E014°02'.
N48°12', E013°20'.
v2015.4 11
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
42 The city of Hamburg is located on meridian 10°E, using a standard time of UTC + 1 h
or UTC + 2 h (summer daylight savings).
Which of the following statements is correct for an arbitrary time during one year?
See annex 2
N48°14', E014°11'.
N48°13', E014°06'.
N48°10', E014°02'.
N48°12', E013°20'.
See annex 2
A compulsory reporting point.
A village.
A city.
A peak.
v2015.4 12
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
See annex 2
A compulsory reporting point.
A village.
A city.
A peak.
47 Vienna (LOWW) is located at 016° 34'E, Salzburg (LOWS) at 013° 00'E. The latitude of
both positions can be considered as equal.
What is the difference of sunrise and sunset between Wien and Salzburg? (2,00 P.)
In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 14 minutes earlier than in Salzburg
In Vienna the sunrise and sunset are about 4 minutes later than in Salzburg
In Vienna the sunrise is 14 minutes earlier and sunset is 14 minutes later than in Salzburg
In Vienna the sunrise is 4 minutes later and sunset is 4 minutes earlier than in Salzburg
See annex 2
A compulsory reporting point.
A village.
A city.
A peak.
v2015.4 13
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
52 Given:
TC: 032°; WCA: +11°; DEV: 001° W; CH: 049°
TH: 043°.
VAR: 005° E.
MH: 048°.
TH: 048°.
VAR: 005° E.
MH: 050°.
TH: 048°.
VAR: 005° W.
MH: 043°.
53 Given:
TC: 105°; WCA: +009°; MH: 119°; CH: 120°
VAR: 005° E.
DEV: +001°.
VAR: 005° W.
DEV: +001°.
VAR: 005° W.
DEV: -001°.
v2015.4 14
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
54 Given:
WCA: -012°; TH: 125°; MC: 139°; DEV: 002°E
TC: 137°.
MH: 127°.
CH: 125°.
TC: 113°.
MH: 127°.
CH: 129°.
TC: 113°.
MH: 139°.
CH: 129°.
55 Given:
TC: 179°; VAR: 004° E; DEV: +002°
MC: 185°.
CC: 183°.
MC: 175°.
CC: 173°.
MC: 175°.
CC: 177°.
v2015.4 15
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
56 Given:
VAR: 005° E; MC: 232°; DEV: +001°
TC: 227°.
CC: 233°.
TC: 237°.
CC: 231°.
TC: 237°.
CC: 233°.
57 Which formula is correct to calculate the magnetic course (MC)? (1,00 P.)
MC = CC - DEV
MC = TC - VAR
MC = TC + VAR
MC = TH - VAR
59 What is the value on the compass card of the direction south-southeast? (1,00 P.)
135°
157.5°
155.7°
180°
v2015.4 16
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
61 The angle between the true course and the true heading is called... (1,00 P.)
deviation.
WCA.
inclination.
variation.
62 The angle between the magnetic course and the true course is called... (1,00 P.)
deviation.
inclination.
WCA.
variation.
65 Given:
TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200°
TH: 172°.
DEV: -002°.
TH: 194°.
DEV: -002°.
TH: 172°.
DEV: +002°.
v2015.4 17
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
66 Given:
TC: 183°; WCA: +011°; MH: 198°; CH: 200°
VAR: 004° E.
DEV: +002°.
VAR: 004° W.
DEV: -002°.
VAR: 004° W.
DEV: +002°.
67 Given:
TC: 168°; WCA: +012°; MH: 178°; CH 176°
TH: 180°.
VAR: 002° E.
TH: 152°.
VAR: 002° W.
TH: 152°.
VAR: 002° E.
v2015.4 18
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
68 Given:
TC: 168°; WCA: +012°; MH: 178°; CH 176°
VAR: 002° E.
DEV: +002°.
VAR: 002° W.
DEV: +002°.
VAR: 002° E.
DEV: -002°.
69 What is the correct formula to calculate the magnetic course (MC)? (1,00 P.)
MC = CH + DEV
MC = MH - WCA
MC = TC + VAR
MC = CC - DEV
v2015.4 19
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
73 The angle between compass north and magnetic north is called... (1,00 P.)
deviation.
WCA.
variation.
inclination.
77 Which are the official basic units for distances used in aeronautical navigation and
their abbreviations? (1,00 P.)
Nautical miles (NM), kilometers (km)
Land miles (SM), sea miles (NM)
Yards (yd), meters (m)
feet (ft), inches (in)
v2015.4 20
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
82 Which of the items on the attached checklist are related to the direct reading
compass?
See annex 3
"Gyro" and "Turning Instruments"
"Turning Instruments" only
"Gyro" and "Circuit Breaker"
"Turning Instruments" and "Circuit Breaker"
84 Which statement is correct with regard to the term 'Variation' (VAR) and its value?
(1,00 P.)
Its value depends, among others, on the location
Its value is constant everywhere on Earth
Its value is a direct function of the longitude
Its value depends on the magnetic field of the aircraft
v2015.4 21
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
85 What could be a reason for changing the runway indicators at aerodromes (e.g. from
runway 06 to runway 07)? (1,00 P.)
The magnetic variation of the runway location has changed
The magnetic deviation of the runway location has changed
The true direction of the runway alignment has changed
The direction of the approach path has changed
89 How are rhumb lines and great circles depicted on a direct Mercator chart? (1,00 P.)
Rhumb lines: straight lines
Great circles: curved lines
Rhumb lines: curved lines
Great circles: straight lines
Rhumb lines: curved lines
Great circles: curved lines
Rhumb lines: straight lines
Great circles: straight lines
v2015.4 22
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
91 Which lines have to be used by the pilot to determine the aircraft's position? (1,00 P.)
True bearings (QTE)
Magnetic bearings (QDR)
Relative bearings (RB)
Magnetic headings (MH)
92 The distance between two airports is 220 NM. On an aeronautical navigation chart the
pilot measures 40.744 cm for this distance.
v2015.4 23
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
94 Which answer states the correct correlation between number and chart symbols?
95 For a short flight from A to B the pilot extracts the following information from an
aeronautical chart:
True course: 245°.
Magnetic variation: 7° W
According to the rule of thumb, the true airspeed (TAS) equals... (1,00 P.)
174 kt.
142 kt.
150 kt.
208 kt.
v2015.4 24
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
97 Given:
True course from A to B: 250°.
Ground distance: 210 NM.
TAS: 130 kt.
Headwind component: 15 kt.
Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0915 UTC.
98 Given:
True course from A to B: 283°.
Ground distance: 75 NM.
TAS: 105 kt.
Headwind component: 12 kt.
Estimated time of departure (ETD): 1242 UTC.
(1,00 P.)
1320 UTC
1330 UTC
1356 UTC
1430 UTC
99 Given:
True course from A to B: 182°.
Ground distance: 110 NM.
GS: 77 kt.
Estimated time of departure (ETD): 1513 UTC.
(1,00 P.)
1639 UTC.
1623 UTC.
1724 UTC.
1647 UTC.
v2015.4 25
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
100 Given:
True course from A to B: 352°.
Ground distance: 100 NM.
GS: 107 kt.
Estimated time of departure (ETD): 0933 UTC.
(1,00 P.)
1045 UTC.
1146 UTC.
1029 UTC.
1129 UTC.
(1,00 P.)
193 km/h.
102 kt.
198 km/h.
93 kt.
v2015.4 26
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
(1,00 P.)
230 kt.
130 km/h.
230 km/h.
130 kt.
See annex 4
The village Pregarten.
The village Gallneukirchen.
A railway line and a small river.
A sight (castle).
106 What is the required flight time for a distance of 236 NM with a ground speed of 134
kt? (1,00 P.)
1:57 h
1:18 h
1:46 h
1:23 h
107 An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 120 kt and experiences 35 kt tailwind.
(1,00 P.)
1 h 12 min
1 h 32 min
2 h 11 min
0 h 50 min
v2015.4 27
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
108 An aircraft is flying with a true airspeed (TAS) of 180 kt and a headwind component of
25 kt for 2 hours and 25 minutes.
See annex 2
50°N.
48°N.
48°S.
13°N.
(1,00 P.)
4.5 m/sec.
14.8 m/sec.
6.7 m/sec.
5.4 m/sec.
(1,00 P.)
4.5 m/sec.
14.8 m/sec.
6.7 m/sec.
16.8 m/sec.
v2015.4 28
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
112 Which answer states the radio navigation aids of Graz airport?
See annex 5
Transmitter Dobl 1 660 kHz.
VOR/DME GRZ 116.200 kHz.
Kalsdorf NDB 116,200 kHz.
Transmitter Dobl 1 660 kHz.
NDB GRZ 290 kHz.
VOR/DME GRZ 116.200 MHz.
NDB GRZ 290 MHz.
VOR/DME GRZ 116.200 MHz.
(1,00 P.)
4.5 m/sec.
14.8 m/sec.
6.7 m/sec.
5.6 m/sec.
114 Given:
Calibrated airspeed (CAS): 155 kt.
Flight level (FL) 80.
Outside air temperature (OAT): -15° C.
115 The true course from Ried-Kirchheim (LOLK) to Scharnstein (LOLC) equals:
See annex 2
308°.
180°.
128°.
140°.
v2015.4 29
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
116 The distance from Weiz Unterfladnitz (LOGW) to Punitz Güssing (LOGG) equals:
See annex 6
72 NM.
15 NM.
27 NM.
51 NM.
117 An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature
of -20° C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft.
118 The true course from Fürstenfeld (LOGF) to Weiz Unterfladnitz (LOGW) equals:
See annex 6
275°.
291°.
299°.
111°.
119 An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature
of +10° C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft.
v2015.4 30
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
120 An aircraft is flying at a pressure altitude of 7000 feet with an outside air temperature
of +20° C. The QNH altitude is 6500 ft.
121 The true course from Wels (LOLW) to Kirchdorf Inn (EDNK) is:
See annex 2
247°.
268°.
274°.
288°.
122 You are planning a VFR flight from Salzburg (LOWS) to Linz (LOWL). The variation
equals 3°E, the groundspeed reads 120 kts.
See annex 2
54,5 NM.
101 NM.
54,5 km.
101 km.
123 An aircraft is following a true heading (TH) of 250° at a ground speed (GS) of 120 kt.
The wind vector is 010°/30 kt.
v2015.4 31
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
124 Given:
True course: 255°.
TAS: 100 kt.
Wind: 200°/10 kt.
125 You are planning a VFR flight from Salzburg (LOWS) to Linz (LOWL). The variation
equals 3°E, the groundspeed reads 120 kts.
See annex 2
27 minutes 15 seconds.
2 hours 12 minutes.
18 minutes 13 seconds.
1 hour 58 minutes.
126 A pilot is planning a VFR flight from Murska Sobota (LJMS) to Weiz/Unterfladnitz
(LOGW) via the NDB Gleichenberg (GBG). The true airspeed (TAS) reads 100 kts, the
mean variation (VAR) is 3°E. The calculation is based on overhead-overhead,
disregard wind, climb and descent.
See annex 6
40 NM.
74 km.
40 km.
74 NM.
v2015.4 32
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
127 Given:
True course: 165°.
TAS: 90 kt.
Wind: 130°/20 kt.
Distance: 153 NM.
128 Given:
Ground speed (GS): 160 kt.
True course (TC): 177°.
Wind vector (W/WS): 140°/20 kt.
129 A pilot is planning a VFR flight from Murska Sobota (LJMS) to Weiz/Unterfladnitz
(LOGW) via the NDB Gleichenberg (GBG). The true airspeed (TAS) reads 100 kts, the
mean variation (VAR) is 3°E. The calculation is based on overhead-overhead,
disregard wind, climb and descent.
See annex 6
MC LJMS > GBG: 313°.
MC GBG > LOGW: 339°.
v2015.4 33
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
130 Given:
Ground speed (GS): 160 kt.
True course (TC): 177°.
Wind vector (W/WS): 140°/20 kt.
(1,00 P.)
173°.
180°.
184°.
169°.
See annex 7
16 NM.
16 km.
30 NM.
30 km.
132 An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 220° at a constant TAS of 220 kt. The
wind vector is 270°/50 kt.
(1,00 P.)
185 kt.
255 kt.
170 kt.
135 kt.
v2015.4 34
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
See annex 7
10 min.
16 min.
7 min.
5 min.
134 The pilot is planning a direct flight from Zeltweg (LOXZ) to Trieben (LOGI). The
variation equals 2°E.
See annex 8
328°.
332°.
148°.
152°.
135 An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of
180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt.
v2015.4 35
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
136 An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of
180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt.
(1,00 P.)
7° left.
9° left.
5° left.
11° left.
137 The pilot is planning a direct flight from Zeltweg (LOXZ) to Trieben (LOGI). The
variation equals 2°E.
What is the highest point along the track at a lateral distance of plus / minus 5 NM?
See annex 8
7 926 ft.
7 864 ft.
7 667 ft.
7 693 ft.
138 The first leg of a VFR Flight heads from Wiener Neustadt (LOAN) to the Tulln VOR
(TUN 111.4 Mhz). The true airspeed (TAS) reads 140 kts, the variation (VAR) is 2°E, the
wind is 090°/30 kt.
See annex 9
336°.
340°.
156°.
160°.
v2015.4 36
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
139 Given:
True course: 270°.
TAS: 100 kt.
Wind: 090°/25 kt.
Distance: 100 NM.
The ground speed (GS) equals... (1,00 P.)
120 kt.
125 kt.
117 kt.
131 kt.
140 The first leg of a VFR Flight heads from Wiener Neustadt (LOAN) to the Tulln VOR
(TUN 111.4 Mhz). The true airspeed (TAS) reads 140 kts, the variation (VAR) is 2°E, the
wind is 090°/30 kt.
See annex 9
30 NM.
30 km.
55 NM.
48 km.
141 Given:
True course: 270°.
TAS: 100 kt.
Wind: 090°/25 kt.
Distance: 100 NM.
v2015.4 37
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
142 The first leg of a VFR Flight heads from Wiener Neustadt (LOAN) to the Tulln VOR
(TUN 111.4 Mhz). The true airspeed (TAS) reads 140 kts, the variation (VAR) is 2°E, the
wind is 090°/30 kt.
See annex 9
348°.
336°.
350°.
352°.
143 An aircraft is following a true heading (TH) of 290° at a true airspeed (TAS) of 150 kt.
The wind vector is 260°/20 kt.
(1,00 P.)
294°.
286°.
297°.
299°.
144 An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 040° at a constant true airspeed (TAS) of
180 kt. The wind vector is 350°/30 kt.
(1,00 P.)
7° left.
7° right.
3° left.
3° right.
v2015.4 38
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
145 You are planning a VFR flight from St.Georgen (LOLG) to Krems-Langenlois (LOAG).
The variation (VAR) equals 2°E, the groundspeed reads 110 kt.
See annex 10
35 NM.
61 km.
35 km.
65 NM.
146 You are planning a VFR flight from St.Georgen (LOLG) to Krems-Langenlois (LOAG).
The variation (VAR) equals 2°E, the groundspeed reads 110 kt.
See annex 10
19 min.
16 min.
26 min.
21 min.
147 An aircraft is following a true course (TC) of 140° at a ground speed (GS) of 120 kt.
The true airspeed (TAS) is 150 kt, the true heading (TH) is 150°.
(1,00 P.)
183° / 38 kts.
200° / 20 kts.
220° / 30 kts.
225° / 16 kts.
v2015.4 39
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
148 Given:
True course: 120°.
TAS: 120 kt.
Wind: 150°/12 kt.
149 A pilot is flying from Krems-Langenlois (LOAG) to St. Georgen am Ybbsfeld (LOLG).
The aeroplane has a TAS of 100 kt and the wind is 250°/15 kt.
See annex 10
TC: 243°.
TC: 256°.
TC: 233°.
TC: 248°.
150 A pilot is flying from Krems-Langenlois (LOAG) to St. Georgen am Ybbsfeld (LOLG).
The aeroplane has a TAS of 100 kt and the wind is 250°/15 kt.
See annex 10
Flight time: 29 min.
Flight time: 19 min.
Flight time: 24 min.
Flight time: 32 min.
151 A well-known ground feature along the flight track is passed 5 minutes ahead of the
planned flight schedule. The expected ground speed was 120 kts and the distance of
the previously flown leg was 30 NM.
v2015.4 40
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
152 The distance from 'A' to 'B' measures 120 NM. At a distance of 55 NM from 'A' the pilot
realizes a deviation of 7 NM to the right.
(1,00 P.)
14° left
6° left
8° left
15° left
153 An aeroplane has a heading of 090°. The distance which has to be flown is 90 NM.
After 45 NM the aeroplane is 4.5 NM north of the planned flight path.
What is the corrected heading to reach the arrival aerodrome directly? (1,00 P.)
6° to the right
9° to the right
18° to the right
12° to the right
(1,00 P.)
1 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM
10 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 60 NM
60 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 1 NM
6 NM lateral offset at 1° drift after 10 NM
(1,00 P.)
65° / 16 kts.
85° / 24 kts.
65° / 24 kts.
85° / 16 kts.
v2015.4 41
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
156 An aircraft is flying from 'A' to 'B' (distance 220 NM) at an average ground speed (GS)
of 120 kt. It departs 'A' at 1200 UTC. After 70 NM along the course from 'A', the aircraft
is 5 min ahead of the planned schedule.
Using the actual GS, what is the revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) at B?
(1,00 P.)
1335 UTC
1340 UTC
1345 UTC
1330 UTC
157 Assume calm wind and an aircraft descending from 9000 ft to 1500 ft. The rate of
descent (ROD) equals 1200 ft/min.
158 Assume zero wind and an aircraft descending from 7500 ft to 1200 ft with an average
true airspeed (TAS) during the descent of 105 kt. The rate of descent (ROD) equals 800
ft/min.
See annex 11
TH: 185°.
MH: 184°.
MC: 178°.
TH: 173°.
MH: 174°.
MC: 178°.
TH: 185°.
MH: 185°.
MC: 180°.
TH: 173°.
MH: 184°.
MC: 178°.
v2015.4 42
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
160 What radio navigation aid can be received with the attached aerial?
161 The approximate propagation speed of electromagnetic waves is... (1,00 P.)
300000 m/s.
300000 km/s.
300000 NM/s.
300000 ft/s.
163 Radio waves within the LF and MF range (e.g. NDB) travel as... (1,00 P.)
sky wave.
quasi-optical wave.
ground / surface wave.
sky wave and as ground / surface wave.
v2015.4 43
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
164 Radio waves within the VHF range (e.g. VOR) travel as... (1,00 P.)
sky wave.
quasi-optical wave.
ground / surface wave.
sky wave and ground / surface wave.
167 Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to use a VHF direction finder
(VDF)? (1,00 P.)
A VDF receiver
A VHF radio
At least two VHF aerials
A relative bearing indicator (RBI)
168 Given:
QDM: 138°
VAR: 10° E
v2015.4 44
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
169 Given:
QTE: 229°
VAR: 10° W
170 Given:
QDR: 022°
VAR: 10° E
171 Given:
QDR: 067°
VAR: 5° E
172 Given:
QDM: 279°
VAR: 5° W
DEV: 5° E
v2015.4 45
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
173 Given:
QDM: 300°
VAR: 5° E
DEV: 5° W
(1,00 P.)
125°.
120°.
305°.
130°.
174 Given:
QDR: 152°
VAR: 5° W
DEV: 5° E
175 Given:
QDM: 348°.
VAR: 5° W
176 Given:
QTE: 203°
VAR: 10° E
v2015.4 46
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
177 Given:
QTE: 248°
VAR: 10° W
(1,00 P.)
068°.
078°.
238°.
258°.
178 Given:
QDR: 254°
VAR: 10° E
(1,00 P.)
264°.
084°.
074°.
284°.
179 Given:
QDM: 134°
VAR: 5° W
(1,00 P.)
129°.
314°.
309°.
299°.
v2015.4 47
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
180 The pilot receives a QDR of 225° from the VDF ground station.
(1,00 P.)
Northwest
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
184 The pilot receives a QDM of 035° from the VDF ground station.
Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? (1,00 P.)
Northwest
Northeast
Southwest
Southeast
v2015.4 48
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
185 The pilot receives a QDM of 305° from the VDF ground station.
Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? (1,00 P.)
Northwest
Northeast
Southwest
Southeast
186 The pilot receives a QDM of 215° from the VDF ground station.
Where is the aircraft located in relation to the ground station? (1,00 P.)
Northwest
Northeast
Southwest
Southeast
187 A pilot receives a QDR of 135° from the VDF ground station.
188 A pilot receives a QDR of 315° from the VDF ground station.
v2015.4 49
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
190 The accuracy of a VHF direction finder (VDF) could be affected by... (1,00 P.)
fading.
propagation over irregular surfaces.
coastline effect.
propagation errors within the atmosphere.
191 Which equipment is needed on board of an aircraft to receive signals from a non-
directional beacon (NDB)? (1,00 P.)
Course deviation indicator (CDI)
Automatic direction finder (ADF)
Secondary surveillance radar (SSR)
Horizontal situation indicator (HSI)
192 Non-directional beacons (NDBs) transmit within which frequency band? (1,00 P.)
High frequency (HF)
Very high frequency (VHF)
Low frequency (LF) and medium frequency (MF)
Very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF)
193 A pilot wants to approach an NDB on QDM 090°. The aircraft flies for about 5 minutes
with a magnetic heading (MH) of 095° and the RBI indication of 355°. After 6 minutes
the RBI indicates 358°.
v2015.4 50
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
194 The pilot wants to proceed directly to the beacon. The wind is calm.
195 What is the difference between a locator beacon and a non-directional beacon (NDB)?
(1,00 P.)
Locator beacons have a lower range than NDBs
Locator beacons have a higher range than NDBs
Locator beacons transmit more precisely
Locator beacons transmit on request only
196 The range of NDBs transmitting in the medium frequency range is greatest... (1,00 P.)
in the daytime.
on midday.
at night.
before midday.
197 The shoreline effect is greatest with radio wave propagation... (1,00 P.)
at an acute angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft.
at a right angle to the coast; aircraft below 6000 ft.
at an acute angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft.
at a right angle to the coast; aircraft above 6000 ft.
v2015.4 51
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
199 The progress of an electromagnetic oscillation can be described by the... (1,00 P.)
frequency angle.
amplitude angle.
phase angle.
wave angle.
200 When transmitter and receiver are moving towards each other... (1,00 P.)
the perceived frequency increases.
the perceived frequency equals the transmitted frequency.
the perceived frequency decreases.
the frequency varies, but the wavelength remains constant.
201 When transmitter and receiver are moving away from each other... (1,00 P.)
the perceived frequency increases.
the perceived frequency equals the transmitted frequency.
the perceived frequency decreases.
the frequency varies, but the wavelength remains constant.
202 VOR radials are defined based on the principle of... (1,00 P.)
phase comparison of two signals.
amplitude comparison of two signals.
frequency comparison of two signals.
pulse comparison of two signals.
v2015.4 52
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
204 Full deflection of the course deviation indicator (CDI) means that the aircraft is
located at least... (1,00 P.)
10° beside the selected course.
2° beside the selected course.
10 NM beside the selected course.
2 NM beside the selected course.
See annex 12
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
See annex 13
Northeast
Southeast
Southwest
Northwest
See annex 14
234°.
246°.
060°.
066°.
v2015.4 53
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
209 Which phenomenon does NOT affect the accuracy of a VOR? (1,00 P.)
Cone of silence
High terrain surrounding the VOR
Fading
Transmitter altitude
211 The distance measuring equipment (DME) determines the distance based on the
principle of... (1,00 P.)
phase comparison.
laser measurement.
Doppler.
time measurement.
213 The maximum number of aircraft obtaining a distance from distance measuring
equipment (DME) at the same time is approximately... (1,00 P.)
50.
70.
100.
150.
v2015.4 54
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
215 Using primary ground radar, the direction of the aeroplane in relation to the antenna
is determined by... (1,00 P.)
the orientation of the antenna.
time measurement.
the pulse pair interval.
the frequency shift of the received pulse.
216 Using primary ground radar, the distance of the aeroplane in relation to the antenna is
determined by... (1,00 P.)
the orientation of the antenna.
time measurement.
the pulse pair interval.
the frequency shift of the received pulse.
217 Which instantaneous information can be obtained from ground radar equipment?
(1,00 P.)
Airspeed (TAS) and distance
Distance and direction
Airspeed (TAS) and heading
Direction and airspeed (TAS)
219 The on-board equipment of the secondary surveillance radar (SSR) is called... (1,00 P.)
course indicator.
transponder.
interrogator.
decoder.
220 Which is a difference between primary and secondary radar? (1,00 P.)
The pulses of a primary radar are variably amplitude-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar
are statically pulse-modulated.
The pulses of a primary radar are variably pulse-modulated, the pulses of a secondary radar are
statically amplitude-modulated.
The pulses of a primary radar are reflected by the aircraft's surface, the pulses of a secondary
radar system are answered by a transponder
The primary radar is displayed on a computer screen, the secondary radar on a radar strip
v2015.4 55
ECQB-PPL (AT) 90 Navigation PPL(A)
221 The transponder code in case of a radio communication failure is... (1,00 P.)
7000.
7500.
7600.
7700.
222 The transponder code in case of an emergency situation is... (1,00 P.)
7000.
7500.
7600.
7700.
224 The "global positioning system" (GPS) consists of which segments? (1,00 P.)
Space segment, ground (control) segment, user segment
Ground (control) segment, confirmation segment, flight segment
User segment, flight segment, space segment
Confirmation segment, user segment, space segment
225 How many active satellites are necessary for the space segment of NAVSTAR/GPS?
(1,00 P.)
20
22
24
26
v2015.4 56
Annexes
Annex 1
v2015.4 1
Annexes
Annex 2
v2015.4 2
Annexes
Annex 3
v2015.4 3
Annexes
Annex 4
v2015.4 4
Annexes
Annex 5
v2015.4 5
Annexes
Annex 6
v2015.4 6
Annexes
Annex 7
v2015.4 7
Annexes
Annex 8
v2015.4 8
Annexes
Annex 9
v2015.4 9
Annexes
Annex 10
v2015.4 10
Annexes
Annex 11
v2015.4 11
Annexes
Annex 12
v2015.4 12
Annexes
Annex 13
v2015.4 13
Annexes
Annex 14
v2015.4 14