Christian Allen Kyle R.

Morales BSN-3A 08/15/2022

Activity 1: Reading Assignment

A. Read
Chapter 7 & 9 of Book 1 (see list of references) and/or search online to answer the
following questions:

1. Differentiate chronic illness and chronic disease. (5pts)

- According to what I've read, chronic disease, also known as noncommunicable
disease, chronic condition, or chronic disorder, is a health problem that requires
long-term management. Meanwhile, chronic illness is the experience of a person
who has a chronic condition or a disease, which includes the person's perception
of the disease's experience, as well as the person's and others' responses to the
chronic disease or condition.

2. Identify the recent top 10 chronic diseases: (5pts)

a. Global
According to the NCOA (2021), below are the list of top 10 common chronic
conditions in older adults:
1. Hypertension
2. High Cholesterol
3. Arthritis
4. Ischemic heart disease (or coronary heart disease)
5. Diabetes
6. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
7. Heart failure
8. Depression
9. Alzheimer's disease and dementia
10. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

b. National
According to Department of Health Cordillera Center for Health Development
(2021), below are the list of top 10 common chronic conditions:
1. Alzheimer’s Disease
2. Cancer
3. Epilepsy
4. Osteoarthritis
5. Osteoporosis
6. Cerebrovascular Disease (Stroke)
7. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
8. Coronary Artery Disease
9. Heat Stroke
10. High Blood Pressure or Hypertension

3. Discuss briefly what is and how to provide a culturally congruent nursing care
according to Leininger. (5pts)
- Leininger defines culturally congruent nursing care as healthcare that is adapted
to the patient's cultural values, beliefs, and lifestyle. This is done through culture
care accommodation and culture care restructuring, and it is significant as well as
beneficial. According to the diagram in Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing Theory,
it focuses on the fact that different cultures have different caring behaviors and
different health and illness values, beliefs, and patterns of behaviors. The cultural
care worldview flows into knowledge about individuals, families, groups,
communities, and institutions in diverse health care systems. This knowledge
provides culturally specific meanings and expressions about care and health.
The next focus is on the generic or folk system, professional care system(s), and
nursing care. Information about these systems includes the characteristics and
Christian Allen Kyle R. Morales BSN-3A 08/15/2022

the specific care features of each. This information allows for the identification of
similarities and differences or cultural care universality and cultural care diversity.

4. Explain why it is important to examine your own feelings about a patient’s possible
cultural beliefs and practices. (5pts)
- We all have unconscious biases and prejudices that impact our relationships with
patients. Identifying and understanding these biases helps to control them, and is
essential to achieving cultural awareness. Cultural awareness requires us to step
back and look at ourselves as if through a stranger’s eyes, and to open our
minds to different ways of doing things. Margaret Mead described it best when
she explained the core value of anthropology: “to make the familiar strange, and
the strange familiar.” Cultural awareness—on the part of both practitioner and
patient—is key to identifying cultural barriers to medical care thus provides us
nurses to better provide care for our patients.

5. Identify at least 5 steps a nurse need to take to be culturally competent. (5pts)

According to Marry Wiske (2018), below are the 5 ways in order to improve cultural
competence in nursing:
1. Perform a cultural competence self-assessment.
2. Obtain a certificate in cultural competence.
3. Improve communication and language barriers.
4.Directly engage in cross-cultural interactions with patients.
5. Participate in online chats and networks.
Christian Allen Kyle R. Morales BSN-3A 08/15/2022

B. Research on the Patient's Bill of Rights to answer the following scenario.

A 17 year-old female who had ran away from home for 2 years now, was
admitted into the ER for a complaint of severe lower left abdominal pain. After further
evaluation, it has been found out that the patient was having a large ovarian cyst that
needs to be surgically removed immediately. Basing on the patient’s bill of rights, who
should sign the informed consent? Why so? What would be your role as a nurse in
preparing the patient for surgery? Why do you think these patient’s bill of rights were
created? How can you protect your patient’s bill of rights?
The act known as the "Magna Carta of Patient's Rights and Obligations,"
introduced by Senator Ramon Bong Revilla, Jr. senate bill no. 812, is intended to
guarantee and safeguard every patient's right to decent, humane, and quality
healthcare. This legislation guarantees the following core patient rights, as specified in
Title III: Declaration of Rights, Section 4, including the right to informed consent. This
section explains the right to informed consent, which states that the patient has the right
to a transparent, honest, and thorough explanation of all proposed procedures, whether
diagnostic, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, or therapeutic, in a manner and language
that the patient can understand (Magna Carta of Patient's Rights and Obligations,
2007).
Although the patient has rights on informed consent, they are a minor so
informed consent should be obtained from the parents or legal guardian as it has been
stated in the law but if the patient is already in a very dire condition and is already in
need of immediate medical attention then as stated in the Magna Carta of Patient's
Rights and Obligations “If next of kin, parents or legal guardians refuse to give consent
to a medical or surgical procedure necessary to save the life or limb of a minor or a
patient incapable of giving consent, courts, upon the petition of the physician or any
person interested in the welfare of the patient, in a summary proceeding, may issue an
order giving consent.” We can also prepare the patient for surgery given that the court
proceedings had been done and approved which was stated in the law that “physician
or any person interested in the welfare of the patient,” since us nurses are also
interested in the welfare of the patient.
The patient’s bill of right was created in order for them to be empowered and
have control also over their condition given that it is for their benefit also. If one were to
disobey or ignore the law then this would not only break the law but also the autonomy
of the patient. Nurses must know these rights and also inform the patients of their rights
as this will not only help them be informed but also help them be autonomous. If in
cases that are hard like these we should always try to provide patients with different
alternatives that would help them in not only in their disease but also in their current
situation.
Christian Allen Kyle R. Morales BSN-3A 08/15/2022

Sources:
Hinkle, J. L., & Cheever, K. H. (2018). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-
Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
https://nurseslabs.com/madeleine-leininger-transcultural-nursing
https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/50404429!.pdf
https://www.qualityinteractions.com/blog/cultural-awareness-in-healthcare-checklist
https://www.ncoa.org/article/the-top-10-most-common-chronic-conditions-in-older-adults
https://caro.doh.gov.ph/non-communicable-diseases/