BAB IV

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

1.1 Hasil
Berdasarkan pengamatan yang telah dilakukan maka didapatkan hasil yaitu
sebagai berikut:
Tabel 1. Hasil Pengamatan Pola Penyebaran Populasi

PLOT JUMLAH X S
2 SS X
2 Chi-square
INDIVIDU test
Sub plot 1 55 1,2 65,78 2.894,32 2.411,93 Acak
Sub plot 2 46 1,02 45,98 2.023,12 1.983,45 Acak
Sub plot 3 21 0,47 9,579 421,467 896,76 Acak
Sub plot 4 22 0,48 10,52 462,88 964,33 Acak
Sub plot 5 49 1,08 52,18 2.295,92 2.295,85 Acak
Sub plot 6 30 0,66 19,56 860,64 1,304 Acak
Sub plot 7 42 0,93 38,33 1.686,52 1.813,46 Acak
Sub plot 8 30 0,66 19,56 860,64 1,304 Acak
Sub plot 9 34 0,53 12,52 550,88 1.309,3 Acak
Sub plot 10 12 0,27 3,127 137,588 509,58 Acak
Sub plot 11 46 1,02 4.598 2,023.12 1.983,45 Acak
Sub plot 12 34 0,53 12,52 550,88 1.309,3 Acak
Sub plot 13 38 0,84 31,38 1.380,72 1.643,71 Acak
Sub plot 14 37 0,82 29,74 1.308,56 1.595,80 Acak
Sub plot 15 15 0,33 4.891 215,20 652,14 Acak
Sub plot 16 40 0,89 34,76 1.529,44 1.718,47 Acak
Sub plot 17 45 1 44 1.936 1.936 Acak
Sub plot 18 28 0,62 17,03 749,32 1.208,58 Acak
Sub plot 19 27 0,6 15,84 696,96 1.161,6 Acak
Sub plot 20 40 0,89 34,76 1.529,44 1.718,47 Acak
Sub plot 21 150 3,3 489,11 21.520,84 6.521,47 Acak
Sub plot 22 122 2,71 323,41 14.320,04 5.250,93 Acak
Sub plot 23 86 1,91 160,7 7.070,8 3.071,98 Acak
Sub plot 24 73 1,62 15,76 5.097,44 3.146,56 Acak
Sub plot 25 34 0,53 12,52 550,88 1.309,3 Acak
Sub plot 26 101 2,24 221,67 9.753,48 4.354,23 Acak
Sub plot 27 54 1,2 65.78 2,894.32 2,411.93 Acak
Sub plot 28 23 0,51 11,49 505,56 991,29 Acak
Sub plot 29 32 0,71 22,25 979 1.378,87 Acak
Sub plot 30 40 0,89 34,76 1.529,44 1.718,47 Acak
Sub plot 31 17 0,37 6,28 275,44 744,43 Acak
Sub plot 32 22 0,43 10,53 462,86 964,33 Acak
Sub plot 33 8 0,17 1,39 61,16 359,76 Acak
Sub plot 34 17 0,37 6,285 276,55 747,34 Acak
Sub plot 35 21 0,47 9.579 421.467 896.76 Acak
Sub plot 36 99 2,2 212,96 9.370,24 4.259,2 Acak
Sub plot 37 38 0,84 31,38 1.380,72 1.643,71 Acak
Sub plot 38 30 0,66 19,56 860,64 1.304 Acak
Sub plot 39 69 1,53 103,46 4.552,24 2.975,32 Acak
Sub plot 40 82 1,82 146,10 6,428.8 3,523.31 Acak
Sub plot 41 57 1,26 70,61 3.106,84 2.465,75 Acak
Sub plot 42 41 0,91 36,53 1.607,32 1.766,28 Acak
Sub plot 43 25 0,5 13,64 600,16 1.200,32 Acak
Sub plot 44 28 0,62 17,03 749,32 1.208,58 Acak
Sub plot 45 38 0,84 31,38 1.380,72 1.643,71 Acak
Sumber : Data Primer setelah diolah, 2022
Lampiran Perhitungan
Plot 1
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 55 = 1,2
n 45
2. Ragam :

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = (55−1,2)2 = 2.894,44 = 65,78
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 65,78 = (44) 65,78 = 2.894,32
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 2.894,32
X = = =2.411,93
X 1,2
Plot 2
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 46 = 1,02
n 45
2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)2 ( 46−1,02)2 2.023,20
= = = 45,98
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 45,98 = (44) 45,98= 2.023,12
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 2.023,12
X = = =¿1.983,45
X 1,02
Plot 3
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 21 = 0,47
n 45
2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)2 (21−0,47)2 421,480
= = = 9,579
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 9,579 = (44) 9,579= 421,467
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 421,467
X = = =¿896,76
X 0,47
Plot 4
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 22 = 0,48
n 45
2. Ragam :

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = (22−0,48)2 = 463,110 = 10,52
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 10,52 = (44) 10,52= 462,88
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 462,88
X = = =¿964,33
X 0,48
Plot 5
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 49 = 1,08
n 45
2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)
2
=
2
( 49−1,08) 2.296,32
= = 52,18
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 52,18 (44) 52,18= 2.295,92
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 2.295,92
X = = =¿2.295,85
X 1,08
Plot 6
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 30 = 0,66
n 45
2. Ragam :

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = (30−0,66)2 = 860,835 = 19,56
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 19,56 (44) 19,56 = 860,64
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 860,64
X = = =¿1,304
X 0,66
Plot 7
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 42 = 0,93
n 45
2. Ragam:

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)
2
=
2
( 42−0,93) 1.686,74
= = 38,33
(n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 38,33 = (44) 38,33= 1.686,52
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 1.686,52
X2= = =¿1.813,46
X 0,93
Plot 8
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:
 x=
∑ X i = 30 = 0,66
n 45
2. Ragam:

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = (30−0,66)2 = 860,835 = 19,56
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 19,56 = (44) 19,56 = 860,64
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 860,64
X = = =¿1,304
X 0,66
Plot 9
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 34 = 0,53
n 45
2. Ragam:

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)2 (34−0,53)2 1.120,24
= = = 25,46
(n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 25,46 = (44) 25,46= 1.120,24
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 1.120,24
X = = =¿ 2.113,66
X 0,53
Plot 10
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 12 = 0,27
n 45
2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)
2
=
(12−0,27)2 137,592
= = 3,127
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) 3,127 = (44) 3,127 = 137,588
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS 137,588
X = = =509,9 8
X 0,27
Plot 11
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 46
x = 45 = 1,02

2. Ragam:

=∑ i
2
(X - X) ( 46−1,02)2 ( 44,98)2 202.320,04
S 2
= = = 44 = 4.598
(n-1) (45-1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 4.598,18 = (44) (4.598) = 202.312
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 202.312
X2 = = = 1.983,45
X 01,02
Plot 12
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 34
x = 45 = 0,53

2. Ragam:

=∑ i
2 2
(X - X) (34−0,53) (33,47, ) 2 1.120,24
S 2
= = = 44 = 12,52
(n-1) (45-1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 12,52 = (44) (12,53) = 550,88
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 550,88
X2 = = = 1.309,3
X 0,53
 Plot 13
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 38
x = 45 = 0,84

2. Ragam:

S2 =
∑ (Xi - X)
2
=
(38−0,84)
2
=
(37,16 )2 1.380,86
= 44 = 31,38
(n-1) (45-1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 31,38 = (44) (31,38) = 1.380,72
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 1.380,27
X2 = = = 1.643,71
X 0,53
Plot 14
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 37
x = 45 = 0,82

2. Ragam:

=∑ i
(X - X)2 (37 ,−0,82)
2
(36,918 )
2
S 2
= = = 29,74
(n-1) (45-1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 29,74 = 1.308,56
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 1.308,56
X2 = = = 1.595,80
X 0,82
Plot 15
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 15
x = 45 = 0,33

2. Ragam:
 S2 =
∑ (Xi - X)
2
=
(15−0,33)
2
215,20
= 44 = 4.891
(n-1) (45-1)
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 4.891= (44) 4.891 = 215,20
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 215,207
X2 = = = 652,14
X 0,33
Plot 16
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 40
x = 45 = 0,89

2. Ragam:

=∑ i
(X - X)2 2 ¿ ( 39,11 )
2
1.529,59
S 2
= ( 40−0,89¿ (45-1) = 44 = 44 = 34,76
(n-1)
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 34,76 = (44) (34,76) = 1.529,44
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 1.529,44
X2 = = = 1.718,47
X 0,89
Plot 17
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 45
x = 45 =1

2. Ragam:

S2 =
∑ (Xi - X)
2
=
( 45−1)2 ( 44)2 1.936
= = 44 = 44
(n-1) (45-1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 44 = (44)(44) = 1.936
4. Chi-square Test:
 SS 1.938
X2 =
X
=
1
= 1.983

Plot 18
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 28
x = 45 = 0,62

2. Ragam:

S2 =
∑ (Xi - X)
2
=
(28-0,62) 2 (27,38 ¿2 749,66
= = 44 = 17,03
(n-1) (45-1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 17,03 = 749,32
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 749,32
X2 =
X
=
0,62
= 1.208,58

Plot 19
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

= n∑
Xi 27
x = 45 = 0,6

2. Ragam:

=∑ i
(X - X)2 (27 - 0,6)
2
(26, 4)
2
696,96
S 2
= = = 44 = 15,84
(n-1) (45-1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 15,84 = (44) (15,84) = 696,96
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 696,96
X2 = = = 1.161,6
X 0,6
Plot 20
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:
 = n∑
Xi 40
x = 45 = 0,89

2. Ragam:

=∑ i
(X - X)2 2
(40 - 0,8 9 ) 1.529,59
S 2
= = 44 = 34,76
(n-1) (45-1)
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45-1) 34,76 = (44) (34,76) = 1.529,44
4. Chi-square Test:
SS 1.536,44
X2 = = = 1.718,47
X 0,8
Plot 21
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ X i = 150 = 3,3
n 45
2. Ragam :

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = (150−3,3)2 = 146,7 = 3,334
(n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
SS ❑
X2= = =¿
X ❑
Plot 22
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45

2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)2
=
2
()
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
Plot 23
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45

2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)2
=
2
()
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
Plot 24
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45

2. Ragam :

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = ()2
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45

2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)
2
=
2
()
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
SS ❑
X2= = =¿
X ❑
Plot 26
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45

2. Ragam :

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = ()2
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
Plot 27
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45
2. Ragam :
 S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = 2
()
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
Plot 28
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45
2. Ragam :

S2 =
∑ ( X i−x)2 = ()2
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
Plot 29
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45
2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)
2
=
()2
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
 2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
Plot 30
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

x=
∑ Xi = ❑ =
n 45
2. Ragam :

S 2
=
∑ ( X i−x)2
=
()2
=❑ =
(n−1) ( 45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat
SS = (n-1) S2 = (45 – 1) = (44) =
4. Chi-square Test:
2 SS ❑
X = = =¿
X ❑
Plot 31
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 17 =0,37
n 45
1 Ragam:
∑ 2
(17−0,37)2 276.55
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =6,28
( n−1) (45−1) 44
2. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 6,28=( 44 ) 6,28=275,44
3. Chi-square test:
2 SS 275,44
X = = =744,43
X 0,37
Plot 32
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

Rata X =
∑ Xi = 22 =0,43
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(22−0,43)2 463,11
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =10,52
( n−1) (45−1) 44
2 Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 10,52=( 44 ) 10,52=462,88
4. Chi-square test:
SS 462,88
X2= = =964,33
X 0,43
Plot 33
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

Rata X =
∑ Xi = 8 =0,17
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2 2
(8−0,17) 61,30
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =1,39
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 1,39= ( 44 ) 1,39=61,16
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 61,16
X = = =359,76
X 0,17
Plot 34
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 17 =0,37
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(17−0,37)2 276.55
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =6,28
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
 SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 6,28=( 44 ) 6,28=275,44
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 275,44
X = = =744,43
X 0,37
Plot 35
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 21 =0,47
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(21−0,47)2 421,48
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =9,57
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 9 , 57= ( 44 ) 9,57=421,48
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 421,48
X = = =892,65
X 0,37
Plot 36
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 99 =2,2
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(99−2,2)2 9.370,96
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =212,96
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 212,96=( 44 ) 212,96=9.370,24
4. Chi-square test:
SS 9.370,24
X2= = =4.259,2
X 0,37
Plot 37
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 38 =0,84
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2 2
(38−0,84) 1.380,06
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =31,38
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 31,38= ( 44 ) 31,38=1.380,72
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 1.380,72
X = = =1.643,71
X 0,84
Plot 38
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 30 =0,66
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(30−0,66)2 860,83
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =19,56
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 19,56=( 44 ) 19,56=850,64
4. Chi-square test:
SS 850,64
X2= = =1.304
X 0,66
Plot 39
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 69 =1,53
n 45
2. Ragam:
 ∑ 2 2
(69−1,63) 4.552,20
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =103,46
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 103,46=( 44 ) 103,46=4.552,24
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 4.552,24
X = = =2.975,32
X 0,84
Plot 40
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 82 =1,82
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(82−1,82)2 6,428.83
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =146,10
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 146,10= ( 44 ) 146,10=6,428.8
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 6,428.8
X = = =3,523.31
X 1,82
Plot 41
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 57 =1,26
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(57−1,26)2 3,106.94
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =70,61
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 70,71=( 44 ) 70,61=3.106,84
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 3.106,84
X = = =2.465,75
X 1,26
Plot 42
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 41 =0,91
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(41−0,91)2 1,607.20
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =36,53
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 36,53= ( 44 ) 36,53=1.607,32
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 1.607,32
X = = =1.766,2
X 0,91
Plot 43
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 25 =0,5
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2 2
(25−0,5) 600.25
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =13,46
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 13,46=( 44 ) 13,46=600,16
4. Chi-square test:
SS 600,16
X2= = =1.200,32
X 0,5
Plot 44
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:
 X=
∑ Xi = 28 =0,62
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(28−0,62)2 749.66
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =17,03
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 17,03=( 44 ) 17,03=749,32
4. Chi-square test:
SS 749,32
X2= = =1.208,58
X 0,62
Plot 45
1. Rata-rata jumlah individu plot:

X=
∑ Xi = 38 =0,84
n 45
2. Ragam:
∑ 2
(38−0,84)2 1.380,06
2 (Xi− X )
S= = = =31,38
( n−1) (45−1) 44
3. Jumlah Kuadrat:
SS = (n-1) S2=( 45−1 ) 31,38= ( 44 ) 31,38=1.380,72
4. Chi-square test:
2 SS 1.380,72
X = = =1.643,71
X 0,84
1. Lampiran Gambar