2060 VB

Visual Basic
KG COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
LESSON NOTES
SUBJECT : VISUAL BASIC SEMESTER : V
UNIT III
ODBC and Data Access Objects: Data Access Options, ODBC, Remote data objects, ActiveX EXE and
ActiveX DLL: Introduction, Creating an ActiveX EXE Component, Creating ActiveX DLL Component.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ARCHITECTURES
Three system architectures
 Centralized System Architecture
 File Server System
 Client Server System
i)Centralized System Architecture
Companies that needed real computing power turned to the mainframe computer, Which is a
centralized system architecture. The most salient feature of a centralized system is that the only
movement of marshalling are the keystrokes between the client and the host machine.
Merits of Centralized System Architecture
 Excellent security
 Application logic and data reside on the same machine
Demerits:
 Expensive
 No way to partition application logic beyond the physical limitation
of the mainframe.
KG College of Arts and Science 1 B.Sc.,Information Technology
Visual Basic
Application Logic
Data
Network Server
Keystrokes
Terminal
Characters
Terminal 1 Terminal 2 Terminal 3 Terminal 4
ii)File Server Architecture
The file server system brought a complete change in the implementation of computer architecture. In
this system, the application logic was executed on the client workstation instead of the server.
Merits:
 Low cost
 Resources can be added or reduced as and when necessary
Demerits:
 Job of server is to store data
 Client machine need large amount of power

Visual Basic
Data
Network Server
Disk I/O requests
Disk Blocks
Workstation1 Workstation2 Workstation3 Workstation4
Application Application Application Application

Logic1 Logic2 Logic3 Logic4
iii)Client Server Model
Client server architecture is a process involving a minimum of two independent entities. One is the
client and the other is the server. The client makes a request to the server and the server services the
requests and the resulting data is sent to the client.
Example: SQL based Database Management System
The most popular client server applications revolve round the use of DBMS such as Oracle and Microsoft
SQL Server. These applications are referred to as back ends and offer support for storage, manipulation
and retrieval of business persistent data.

Visual Basic
File Server v/s Client Server DB Deployment
File Server Client Server
Data organization method for Architectural Model.

storing user files centrally within a
The business logic and database reside in the server.
department
Deals with file storage Runs the user interface.
Divide workload request among a no. of servers.

Visual Basic
Query Sent to a File Server System
The query issued is not sent to the server. The logic of the query is processed and evaluated at the client
end itself. Only file I/O request is sent across the network to retrieve the required data in the form of
disk blocks.
Query Sent to a Client Server System
The actual SQL statement is sent across the network and processed by an application running locally on
the server machine. As the SQL statement is processed on the server, only the results need to be sent
back to the client. Thus a major advantage of a client server is reduced network traffic and in most cases,
an incredibly quick execution time.
Two -Tier and Three-Tier Client Server Model
There is a need to an information system that can change with business needs m needs that mandate a
tighter budget and higher quality in addition to simply processing transactions and generating reports.
Two-tier Client Server Model
 Desktop Machine - Client (VB or PowerBuilder)
 N/W Server - Backend Db engine
 Business logic physically reside either on the client or be implemented on the back end.
 Merits :
Data access simplified
 Demerits:
Less Flexible
 Limitations:
Not Scalable
Unmanageable
Poor Performance
Three- Tier Client Server Model

Visual Basic
 Improved model.
 Based on the ability to build partitioned applications.
 Breaks the code into logical components.
 Each tier is called a service.
Service Location
User Services Client
Business Logic Server
Data Services Server
Values of Three Tier Architecture
 Reuse
 Performance
 Manageability
 Maintenance
DATA ACCESS OBJECTS
Options to access remote Client/Server databases
 DAO
 Data Control
 ODBC Direct
 Remote Data Objects(RDO)

Visual Basic
 Remote Data Control(RDC)
 Open Database Connectivity(ODBC)
 Visual Basic Library for SQL Server (VBSQL)
 Active Data Objects
Data Access Objects
A Data Access Object is collection of object classes that model the structure of a relational database
system.
Data Access Objects Hierarchy

Visual Basic
 DBEngine – Jet DB engine
 Workspace – Support transactions
 DB Object- Jet native or external DB or direct ODBC
 TableDef – Stored Table
 QueryDef –Stored Query
 Recordset – Cursor view
 Field Object –Column
 Index –Stored Index associated with TableDef
 Parameter- Associated with QueryDef
 User Object – To define & enforce DB security
 Group - Collection of users
 Relation Object – Relationship between fields
 Property Object – Characteristics
 Document Object – Information about instance
 Container – Holds information describing the objects
Accessing and Navigating Databases
 To work with data access objects, a reference has to be set to the
 Appropriate DAO libraries.
 2 Libraries
 Microsoft DAO 2.5/3.51 Compatibility Layer
 Microsoft DAO 3.51 Object Library
To set reference select,

Visual Basic
ProjectàReferencesàDAO 3.51 Object Library
Opening a Database
To open an existing database, the OpenDatabase method is used.
Syntax:
OpenDatabase (dbname,[options],[readonly],[connect])
Example:
Dim db as Database
Set db=OpenDatabase(“employee_details”)
Recordset
A Recordset is an object that contains a set of records from the database.
Types of Recordset Objects
 Table Type - Single Table, faster
 Dynaset - One or more tables
 Snapshot - Cannot be updated
 Dynamic - Query Result
 Forwardonly - Can only scroll forward through records
Creating a Recordset
The OpenRecordset method is used to open a Recordset and create
a Recordset variable.
Example:
Dim rs as Recordset
Set rs = db.OpenRecordset (“employee”,dbOpentable,dbReadOnly)
Navigating a Recordset:
Visual Basic
Move methods
 MoveFirst
 MoveNext
 MovePrevious
 MoveLast
Using BOF and EOF to Navigate through Recordsets
EOF
The EOF property is True when the user moves beyond the last record in the recordset.
BOF
The BOF pproperty is True when the user has moved to a position before the first record in the
recordset.
Modifying and Deleting Records:
Edit Method
Update MEthod
AddNew Method
Delete Method
Finding Records
The Find methods can be used to locate a record in a dynaset or snapshot type Recrdset.
FindFirst
FindLast
FindNext
FindPrevious
Performing Indexed Searches Using the Seek Method
The Seek method can be used to locate a record in a table type Recordset.
Manipulating stored queries using the QueryDef object

Visual Basic
The QueryDef object contains information about a stored SQL query.
QueryDef objects run faster than SQL queries.
Two basic methods for working with QueryDef:
 Execute method
 OpenRecordset method
The TableDef Object
TableDef is a collection of Table objects that contain detailed definition about each data table in the
database.
Methods used with the TableDef object
 OpenRecordset
 RefreshLink
 Create Property
 CreateIndex
 CreateField
Modifying and Deleting existing tables
New fields can be added or existing fields can be deleted using the Append or Delete method
Creating a Table in Oracle using SQL*Plus
Syntax:
CREATE TABLE <table_name>
(column_name1 datatype1,column_name2 datatype2….)
Inserting values in Table
Syntax:
INSERT into <table_name> VALUES <data_list>

Visual Basic
ODBC USING DATA ACCESS OBJECTS AND REMOTE DATA OBJECTS
ODBC
ODBC lets database client connect to external database
ODBC driver
Destination of Database - Login id , Password
3 parts
A Driver Manager
One of more drivers
One or more data sources
ODBC Driver
Client Application ODBC Data Source ODBC Driver
Manager
Creating ODBC Data Source
 Used when control is not used.
 Double Click ODBC configuration option (From Control Panel)
 From the list of ODBC sources select ‘ODBC driver for Oracle’
 Select Add button

Visual Basic
Steps to create an ODBC Data Source Name on the Client:
 Double click on the Oracle ODBC driver
 DSN configuration dialog box displays
 Give Data Source as ‘iiiB’ and Server as ‘cas’.
 Click OK
Using ODBC with DAO
OpenDatabase method - creates connection between the application and ODBC
Syntax:
Dim db as Database
Set db= OpenDatabase(“<DataSource Name>”, <dbdriverpromptinformation>,
<ReadOnly>,” ODBC ; UID=<User

ID>;PWD=<Password>”)
Accessing ODBC Databases using Data Control
Data Control – used to create simple and robust database applications
Tasks:
 Connect to a local or external databases
 Open a specified database
 Attach data fields to bound controls
 Add new methods or update a database
 Close the record
Using DBGrid Control
Spreadsheet like control
 Data Source Property
 Cell can hold text or pictures
 RowHeight

Visual Basic
 Arrow keys
 ColIndex Property
 Text & Value Properties
 Font , Border , Wordwrap, Color Attributes
Adding , Updating and Deleting Records
Private Sub Add_Click()
Data1.Recordset.AddNew
End Sub
Public Sub Update_Click()
Data1.UpdateRecord
End Sub
Public Sub Delete_Click()
Data1.Recordset.Delete
If Data1.Recordset.EOF Then
Data1.Recordset.MoveLast
End If
End Sub
Remote Data Objects
Object oriented way of accessing client server data sources
Projectà ReferencesàMicrosoft Remote Data Object 2.0
Click Ok

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1.Establishing a Connection
Set connection=Environment.OpenConnection(dsName
[,Prompt[,readonly[,connect[,options]]]])
2. Executing SQL statements
Set rs=rdoconn.OpenResultSet (name,type,locktype,option)
3.Using RDO to Insert, Update & Delete Records
Dim Env as rdoEnvironment
Dim cn as rdoConnection
Dim rs as rdoResultSet
KG College of Arts and Science 15

Visual Basic
B.Sc.,Information Technology
Visual Basic
ActiveX EXE and ActiveX DLL
Introduction
 Components of DLLs and EXEs offer functionality of objects without
redistribute or duplicate
 Class module provides services to client
 Servers can be implemented as ActiveX DLL or ActiveX EXE components
 ActiveX DLL - in-process servers
 Loaded in the same address space
 Faster, effective , become part of the application that uses them
 ActiveX EXE - out-of-process server (runs as separate process)
 Can service multiple clients
 More efficient
 Exchanging information between servers – Slow process
Creating an ActiveX EXE Component
Can be developed and run independently
3 Steps:
1. Create simple calculator(ActiveX EXE)
2. Compile this component and register
3. Test the component with client test application
Step 1:
StartàProgramsàVisual Basic6.0à New Project Dialogbox
select AcativeX EXE
Opens class module (class1)

Visual Basic
Property Settings
------------- -----------
Name Calculator
Instancing 5-Multiuse
Give code in General Declaration of class module,
Public Function Addn(A As Single,B As Single)As Double
Addn=A+B
End Function
Similar code can be written for Product, Subtraction, Division and Modulus operations
FileàSave Project As
ActiveXCalculator.vbp and the class module as calculator.cls
 Compilation & Registering the Calculator Component
 Run Calculator control by pressing F5
 Fileà Make EXE
Choose a folder to save the EXE & Click Ok.
 The ActiveX EXE control (ActiveXCalculator) is now compiled & registered
(Can be used in VB and also from any development environment that
knows about ActiveX components)
Testing the Calculator project with a Standard EXE application
Go to VB, open a new Standard EXE project & save it as
CalClient.vbp

Visual Basic
Form Name CalculatorForm

Caption ActiveXCalculator
Command1 Name cmdAddition
Caption Add
Caption Add
Caption Add
Caption Add
Caption Add
TextBox Name DisplayText
Text <blank>
 To include ActiveXCalculator project to the client application, select
 ProjectàReferences & select ActiveXCalculator
 Create instances of the class calculator in the client application & invoke the function.

Visual Basic
Dim CalcObj As New Calculator
Private Sub cmdAdd_Click()

Dim x As Single, y As Single
x=InputBox(“Enter first number”)
y=InputBox(“Enter second number”)
DisplayText.Text= “Sum of Given 2 nos” & Calcobj.Addn(x,y)
End Sub
 Add similar code to Sub, Prod, Div, Mod and run the Application.
Creating an ActiveXDLL Component
Steps:
 Determine the features
 Determine what objects are required
 Design a form
 Design the interface( properties, methods and events)
 Create the Project group(Component Project , test project)
 Implement the forms required by the component
 Implement the interface of each class
 Compile DLL and test it with all potential target applications
Benefits:
 DLL Components provide reusable code
 An application that uses component’s code - Client

Visual Basic
Can run either as in-process or out-of-process
1. Start VB & select an ActiveX DLL project
2. Set properties as follows
Name : InterestCalculator
Instancing : 5-Multiuse
3. Project à Add Module
From Add Module dialogbox, double click module icon and
name it as Interest.bas
4. Add code(in InterestCalculator)
Option Explicit
Public gdatserverstarted As Date
Sub Main()
gdatserverstarted = Now
Debug.print “Executing Sub Main”
End Sub

Visual Basic

Visual Basic
Option Explicit
Public gdatServerStarted As Date
Sub Main()
gdatServerStarted = Now
Debug.Print "Executing Sub Main"
End Sub
Public Function FixInterest(P As Single, T As Single) As Single
Dim R As Integer
R = 10
FixInterest = (P * R * T) / 100
End Function
Public Function RecInterest(P As Single, T As Single) As Single

Visual Basic
Dim R As Single
R=8
RecInterest = (P * R * T) / 100
End Function
Public Function CumInterest(P As Single, T As Single) As Single
Dim R As Single
R = 7.5
CumInterest = (P * R * T) / 100
End Function

Visual Basic

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Visual Basic

KG COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT : VISUAL BASIC SEMESTER : V

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ARCHITECTURES

Three system architectures

 Centralized System Architecture

 File Server System

 Client Server System

i)Centralized System Architecture

Merits of Centralized System Architecture

 Application logic and data reside on the same machine

 No way to partition application logic beyond the physical limitation

ii)File Server Architecture

 Resources can be added or reduced as and when necessary

 Job of server is to store data

 Client machine need large amount of power

KG College of Arts and Science 2 B.Sc.,Information Technology

Workstation1 Workstation2 Workstation3 Workstation4

Application Application Application Application

iii)Client Server Model

Example: SQL based Database Management System

KG College of Arts and Science 3 B.Sc.,Information Technology

File Server v/s Client Server DB Deployment

File Server Client Server

Data organization method for Architectural Model.

Deals with file storage Runs the user interface.

Divide workload request among a no. of servers.

KG College of Arts and Science 4 B.Sc.,Information Technology

Query Sent to a File Server System

Query Sent to a Client Server System

Two -Tier and Three-Tier Client Server Model

Two-tier Client Server Model

 Desktop Machine - Client (VB or PowerBuilder)

 N/W Server - Backend Db engine

Data access simplified

Three- Tier Client Server Model

KG College of Arts and Science 5 B.Sc.,Information Technology

 Based on the ability to build partitioned applications.

 Breaks the code into logical components.

 Each tier is called a service.

User Services Client

Business Logic Server

Data Services Server

Values of Three Tier Architecture

DATA ACCESS OBJECTS

Options to access remote Client/Server databases

 Remote Data Objects(RDO)

 Remote Data Control(RDC)

 Open Database Connectivity(ODBC)

 Visual Basic Library for SQL Server (VBSQL)

 Active Data Objects

Data Access Objects

Data Access Objects Hierarchy

KG College of Arts and Science 7 B.Sc.,Information Technology

 DBEngine – Jet DB engine

 Workspace – Support transactions

 DB Object- Jet native or external DB or direct ODBC

 TableDef – Stored Table

 QueryDef –Stored Query

 Recordset – Cursor view

 Field Object –Column