PROPERTIES OF SIGMA NOTATION

1. Example 1 Example 2
10 5

∑ 6 ∑ 12
k =1 k=1

2. Example 1 Example 2
5 5 7 7

∑ 6 ak =6 ∑ ak ∑ 8 a k =8 ∑ a k
k =1 k=1 k=1 k=1

= 6 (4321) = 8 (4321)
= 25 926 = 34 568

3. Example 1
10 10 10

∑ (a k + 20)=∑ a k+∑ 20
k =1 k=1 k=1

= 4321 + 20 (10) = 4321 + 200

= 4521
Example 2
5 5 5

∑ (a k +13)=∑ ak +∑ 13
k =1 k=1 k=1

= 4321 + 13 (5) = 4321 + 65

= 4386

4. Example 1
8 8 8

∑ (a k −15)=∑ a k−∑ 15
k =1 k=1 k=1

= 4321 – 15 (8) = 4321 - 120

= 4201

Example 2
12 12 12

∑ (a k −50)=∑ a k−∑ 50
k =1 k=1 k=1

= 4321 – 50 (12) = 4321 - 600

= 3721

5. Example 1
 20 20 20 20 20

∑ (18−2a k )=∑ 18−∑ 2a k=¿ ∑ 18−2 ∑ ak ¿

k =1 k=1 k=1 k=1 k=1

= 20 (18) – 2 (4321)
= – 8282

Example 2
25 25 25 25 25

∑ (60−3 ak )=∑ 60−∑ 3 ak =¿ ∑ 60−3 ∑ ak ¿

k =1 k=1 k=1 k=1 k =1

= 25 (60) – 3 (4321)
= – 11 463

6. Example 1
9 9

∑ ( 69−6 ak )=∑ (69−6 ak ¿ )−(69−6 a1 )¿

k =1 k=1

= [ 69 ( 9 ) −6(4321) ] − [ 69−6(33) ]
= – 25 176

Example 2
15 15

∑ ( 89−2 a k )=∑ (89−2a k ¿)−(89−2 a1 )¿

k =1 k=1

= [ 89 ( 15 )−2(4321) ] −[ 89−2( 33) ]

= – 7330