21ST 1STQ Module Week1

Philippine Christian University
Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2021-2022
MODULE IN 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
(GRADE 12)
QUARTER 1 - WEEK 1 (SEPTEMBER 12-16, 2022)
LESSON 1: PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY FROM PRE-COLONIAL TO CONTEMPORARY

PERIOD
Overview
Welcome to the first chapter of our journey to the Philippines and the World through literature.
But before we land to the center of this adventure, let us discover first how it all began. Our first stop is
the Philippine literary history and its dimensions. We can see many reading materials around us. We even
have our favorite short stories and books. Have you ever wondered how these all started? Try to think
about how they all began.
Diversity and richness of Philippine literature evolved side by side with the country's history. This
can be appreciated in the context of its pre-colonial cultural traditions and socio-political histories of its
colonial and contemporary practices. The average Filipino's unfamiliarity with his country was
"discovered"; hence, Philippine "history" started only in 1521. Literature plays a vital role in our lives. It
mirrors human experiences, and it lets you go around the world and learn and experience different
cultures. It comes in various forms like poetry, riddles, stories, legends etc. Thus, successful were the efforts
of colonialists to blot out the memory of the country's primarily oral past those present-day Filipino writers,
artists, and journalists are trying to correct this inequity by recognizing the country's wealth of ethnic
traditions and disseminating them in schools and the mass media. The rousing of nationalistic pride in the
1960s and 1970s also helped bring about this change of attitude among a new breed of Filipinos concerned
about the "Filipino identity."
https://medium.com/@ilancemojal https://unfiltrd.substack.com
Disclaimer: This module is adapted and modified from the source materials listed in the references list. This is
an exclusive property of Philippine Christian University-Dasmariñas SHS and is provided only to enrolled students
for their academic use. This module is provided for free by the school through softcopy and/or printed media.
Reproduction of this module without official permission is prohibited.
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Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
1. identify the various dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the contemporary
2. discover the features of the dimensions of the periods of Philippine literature
3. value the importance of knowing the Philippine literary history, our local authors and their works
Test Yourself
Look and study the timeline above. How do you think a particular period is related to Philippine literary
history? Explain your answer.
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Study these terms
Essence and Significance of Literature
1. Literature (origin of the term – litera, which means letter) deals with man's ideas, thoughts, and
emotions – thus, it can be said the literature is the story of man. (Kahayon, 1998, p. 5-7); literature
comes from the French phrase "belles letters," which means beautiful writing. (Baritugo, et al.
2004, p 1)
2. Through literature, we learn the innermost feelings and thoughts of people – the most authentic
part of themselves; thus, we understand not only of others but, more importantly, of ourselves and
of life itself. (Garcia, et al, 1993, p.4)
3. Literature is one of the seven arts (i.e., music, dance, painting, sculpture, theatre, and architecture).
As such, literature is an innovative product of creative work, which is form and beauty. (__.
Nuggets, 2004, p.2)
4. Critical analysis - is a careful examination and evaluation of a text, image, or other work or
performance while Close reading is deep analysis of how a literary textworks; it is both a reading
process and something you include in a literary analysis paper, though in a refined form.
Dimensions of Philippine Literary History

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Geography- the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments
Language- a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by which individuals
express themselves
Ethnicity- a notion that refers to social entities sharing real or putative ascriptive features like a common
origin or cultural-linguistic legacy which assumedly command special collective commitment, as well as
their retention and transmission
Division of Literature
All literature falls under two main divisions: (Nuggets, 2004, p.8)
PROSE POETRY
Form Written in paragraph form Written in stanza or verse from
Expressed in ordinary language Expressed in metrical, rhymical,
Language
and figurative language
Appeal To the intellect To the emotion
To convince, inform, instruct, Stir the imagination and set an ideal
Aim
imitate, and reflect of how life should be
Discussion
You may copy and paste the link then enter to the search engine to play the video/s.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvmlMrpv-KI
TIMELINE OF LITERATURE
(https://i.ytimg.com/vi/EZTLgtTOTNo/maxresdefault.jpg)
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (__B.C. to 1564)

Owing to the works of our own archaeologists, ethnologists and anthropologists, we are able to
know more and better judge information about our pre-colonial times set against a bulk of material about
early Filipinos as recorded by Spanish, Chinese, Arabic and other chroniclers of the past.
Long before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, Filipinos had a civilization of their own. This
civilization partly came from the Malay settlers and partly from their response to the new environment.
Most of the customs and these traditions, government, and way of life have come down to the present
day, despite the changes brought about by westernization and modernization. Pre-colonial inhabitants of
our islands showcase a rich past through their folk speeches, folk songs, folk narratives and indigenous
rituals and mimetic dances that affirm our ties with our Southeast Asian neighbors.
The most seminal of these folk speeches is the riddle which is tigma in Cebuano, bugtong in Tagalog,
paktakon in Ilongo and patototdon in Bicol. Central to the riddle is the talinghaga, or metaphor, because
there are subtle resemblances between two unlike objects, and one's power of observation and wit is
tested. The variety and abundance of Philippine Literature evolved even before the colonial period. Folk
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tales, epics, poems, and marathon chants existed in most ethnolinguistic groups passed on from generation
to generation through word of mouth.
Some of these pre-colonial literary pieces are showcased in traditional narratives, speeches, and
songs. The Philippine folk tales are varied and filled with magical characters. They are descriptions of mostly
mythical objects, persons, or specific places or epics telling supernatural events and the bravery of a
community's heroes, customs, and ideologies.
LITERARY FORMS
1. RIDDLE (Bugtong)
- A mysterious, misleading, or puzzling question posed as a problem to be solved or guessed
- Gives an enigma
For example:
Apat sa umaga, dalawa sa tanghali, tatlo sa gabi
(It has four legs in the morning, two in the afternoon, three in the evening.)
Answer: Human
2. CHANTS (Bulong)
- Used in witchcraft or enchantment
For example:
“Tabi tabi po, makikiraan lamang po”
3. PROVERBS (Salawikain)
- A brief popular epigram or maxim
- Short poems that have customarily used and served as laws or rules on good behavior by our
ancestors
For example:
Hangga’t makitid and kumot, matutong mamaluktot.
(While the blanket is quick, learn how to bend.)
Pag may tiyaga, may nilaga.

(If you persevere, you will reap the fruits of your labor.)
4. FOLK SONGS
- A song that originates in traditional popular culture
- Form of lyric that expresses hope, aspiration and lifestyles
For example:
Uyayi – lullaby
Kundiman – melancholic love song
Komintang – war song
Kalusan – work song
Harana – serenade
Kanogan – song of lamentation for the dead
5. FOLK TALES
● Myths
- A usually traditional story of ostensibly historical events that serves to unfold part of the world
view of people or explain a practice, belief or natural phenomenon
For examples:
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❖ The Gods and the Goddesses (Iloko) How the Moon and the Stars Came to
be (Mindanao)
❖ Why the Dead Come Back No More) Ifugao
● Legend
- Explaining the origin of things
- One popularly regarded as historical although not verifiable
For example:
❖ The Legend of Coconut Tree
● FABLES
- Used animal characters and allegory
For example:
❖ The Hare and the Tortoise
● EPICS
- A long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero
- Revolving around supernatural events or heroic deeds
For examples:
❖ Biag ni Lam-Ang
❖ Aliguyon or the Hudhud
❖ Labaw Donggon
THE SPANISH REGIME (1565-1863)
(https://macarayanblog.files.wordpress.com/2016/03/planting-of-the-first-cross-by-vicente-manansala.jpg)
jpg)C
While it is true that Spain subjugated the Philippines for more mundane reasons, this former
European power contributed much in the shaping and recording of our literature. Religion and institutions
that represented European civilization enriched the languages in the lowlands, introduced theater which
we would come to know as komedya, the senakulo, the sarswela, the playlets and the drama. Spain also
brought to the country, though at a much later time, liberal ideas and an internationalism that influenced
our own Filipino intellectuals and writers for them to understand the meanings of “liberty and freedom.”
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The Spanish colonialization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel de Legazpi,
the first Spanish Governor-General in the Philippines. The literature started to flourish at this time.
Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose and poetry. The
literary scene during this era was focused on religious themes due to the Christianization of the Philippines
by the Spaniards.
a. Took on a Religious Character

● Christianization of the Philippines
● Introduced the first printing press
● Doctrina Christiana – the first published book (1593)
b. Literary Output
● Catechisms
● Confession Manuals
● Grammar Books
● Dictionaries
c. Poems in Spanish and Tagalog were written by "Ladinos" who were both well-versed in both
languages.
● Pasyon – the most popular form of religious literature
A long narrative poem about the passion and death of Christ
Ang Mahal na Pasyon ni Jesu Cristong Panginoon Natin – Gaspar Aquilino de Belen’s well know
pasyon.
● Sinakulo/Cenakulo – a dramatization of the pasyon
A play on the passion and death of Christ performed during the holy week
● Two Popular Narrative Poems
❖ Awit
❖ Korido
⮚ Both can be sung or chanted
⮚ Florante at Laura – Most Famous Awit
FILIPINO WRITERS either wrote in Spanish or in their own tongue or both.
1. Francisco Baltazar, the master of traditional Tagalog poetry, became well-known for his work Florante at
Laura(1838–1861), the most famous metrical romance of the country.
2. Pedro Paterno wrote Sampaguitas y poesias varias (1880), the first poetry collection in Spanish by a
Filipino; and the novel in Spanish Ninay (1885), considered to be the first Filipino novel.
3. Jose Rizal, a prominent ilustrado and the country’s national hero, is famous for the novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo. These novels portray the corruption and abuse of the Spanish officials and
the clergy.
4. Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the Katipunan, wrote the poem “Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa.” This
poem appeared in the Kalayaan, the official newspaper of the Katipunan, in March 1896.
5. Leona Florentino, known as the “mother of Philippine women’s literature,” was a poet in both Ilocano
and Spanish. Twenty of her poems were preserved and exhibited in Europe. The poems were included in
the Encyclopedia International des Oeuvres des Femme in 1889.
6. Gaspar Aquino de Belen was a Filipino poet and translator of the 17th century, known for authoring a
1704 rendition of the Pasyon: a famous poetic narrative of the passion,death and resurrection of Jesus,
which has circulated in many versions.
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7. Jose de la Cruz was the foremost exponent of the Komedya during his time. A poet of prodigious output
and urbane style, de la Cruz marks a turning point in that his elevated diction distinguishes his work from
folk idiom.
THE NATIONALISTIC PERIOD (1864-1896)
A. Characteristics (https://prezi.com/qdzvgqvmgjq2/lit
1. Planted seeds of nationalism in Filipinos
2. Language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog
3. Addressed the masses instead of the “intelligentsia”
B. Literary Forms
1. Propaganda Literature - Reformatory in objective
a. Political Essays – satires, editorials and news articles were written to attack and expose
the evils of Spanish rule
i. Diariong Tagalog – founded by Marcelo del Pilar
ii. La Solidaridad – whose editor-in-chief is Graciano Lopez-Jaena
b. Political Novels
i. Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo – Jose Rizal’s masterpieces that paved
the way to the revolution
2. Revolutionary Literature – more propagandistic than literary as it is more violent in nature and
demanded complete independence for the country
a. Political Essays – helped inflame the spirit of revolution
i. Kalayaan – newspaper of the society, edited by Emilio Jacinto
b. Poetry
i. True Decalogue – Apolinario Mabini
ii. Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas – Andres Bonifacio
iii. Liwanag at Dilim – Emilio Jacinto
⮚ The last of the 19th century saw a new breed of writer.
⮚ A strong feeling of nationalism was the main agenda of this literary period.
⮚ This period is divided into two groups: the Propaganda and the Revolution (Rizal, Lopez Jaena &Del
Pilar)
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⮚ At the close of the 19th century the revolutionists took over and there was a shift not only in
languages (from Spanish to Tagalog) but in the audience or readers from the "intelligentsia" to the
masses. (Balabar, 1989, p.25)
⮚ Bonifacio, Jacinto and Mabini were the prominent revolutionary writers
⮚ This period was truly significant because it produced literature that was realistic and truly Filipino.
(Balabar, 1989, p.26)
⮚ Jose Palma - was a Filipino poet and soldier. He was on the staff of La Independencia at the time
he wrote Filipinas, a patriotic poem in Spanish. He also wrote the Himno Nacional Filipino (The
Philippine National Anthem) composed by Julian Felipe, which was originally entitled, Marcha
Magdalo.
THE UNITED STATES COLONIAL RULE (1910-1930, 1920-1945)
(https://aprilmaynjune.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/1/9/8419682/5684006_orig.jpg)
A new set of colonizers brought about new changes in Philippine literature. New literary forms such
as free verse [in poetry], the modern short story and the critical essay were introduced. American influence
was deeply entrenched with the firm establishment of English as the medium of instruction in all schools
and with literary modernism that highlighted the writer’s individuality and cultivated consciousness of
craft, sometimes at the expense of social consciousness.
● Literature (in three languages) flourished
(Reading, writing, speaking)
⮚ Spanish
⮚ English
⮚ Filipino
● May be divided into two periods:
1. The Period of Apprenticeship
⮚ Paz Marquez Benitez – “Dead Stars”
⮚ Paz Latorena – “The Small Key”
⮚ Jose Garcia Villa – "Footnote to Youth"
⮚ Zoilo Galang – “Child of Zorrow”
2. The Period of Emergence
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- Before the war and the Japanese Occupation
- Noted Short Story Writers
- Highly influenced by Western literary trends like Romanticism and Realism.
- Short Stories – most prevalent literary form
- Jose Garcia Villa – earned the international title “Poet of the Century”
⮚ Manuel E. Arguilla
⮚ Arturo Rotor
⮚ N.V.M. Gonzales
⮚ Francisco Arcellana
⮚ Bienvenido N. Santos
Other Famous Authors:

Fernando Ma. Guerero – he collected the best of his poem in a book called Crisalidas, and one of the poems
written in this book was “Inovacion A Rizal”
Manuel Bernabe – is a lyric poet, he was more attractive to the public in a debatewith balmori because of
the melodious he used.
Lope K. Santos – “Father of the National language Grammar”, he was also called“apo” of the
tagalog writers. “Banaag at Sikat” was his masterpiece.
Jose Corazon de Jesus – known as huseng batute, he was also called the poet of lovein his time.
Inigo Ed Regaldo – a popular story teller, novelist, and newspaper man. He reachedthe peak of his success
by the “sumpong” of his pen.
THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942-1944)
(https://prezi.com/qdzvgqvmgjq2/post-edsa-literature)
During the occupation, publications were censored by the military. Also, Tagalog was declared an
official language (together with Nihonggo). In effect, Philippine literature in English came to a halt. Some
Filipino writers then turned to writing in Filipino. The Tagalog short story reached its maturity during the
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period. The best works were compiled by the Liwayway magazine editors in Ang Pinakamabuting Maikling
Kathang Pilipino ng 1943, which came out in 1944. It is a collection of stories that won a contest sponsored
by the Japanese.
The top four stories were

1.“Lupang Tinubuan” by Narciso G. Reyes,
2.“Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa” by Liwayway Arceo,
3.“Nayon at Dagat-dagatan” by N. V. M. Gonzalez, and
4. “Suyuan sa Tubigan” by Macario Pineda.
● This literary period broke away from tradition especially among the tagalog poets. Instead
of writing in the Balagtas tradition (rhetorical, verbose, figurative) poets wrote in simple
language and free verse.
● This was a bountiful harvest in poetry, fictions and in the field of drama and essay. (Balabar,
1989, p.27)
● Poets wrote in a simple language and free verse (Ako ang Daigdig by Alejandro Abadilla)
A. War Years (1942-1944)
1. Tagalog poets broke away from the Balagtas tradition and instead wrote in simple language and
free verse
2. Fiction prevailed over poetry
a. 25 Pinakamabuting Maikling Kathang Pilipino (1943) – compilation of the short story
contest by the military government
i. Suyuan sa Tubigan – Macario Pineda
ii. Lupang Tinubuan – Narciso Reyes
iii. Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa – Liwayway Arceo
B. Period of Maturity and Originality (1945-1960)
1. Bountiful harvest in poetry, fiction, drama and essay
2. Filipino writers mastered English and familiarized themselves iwht diverse techniques
3. Literary “giants” appeared
a. Palanca Awards for Literature
i. Jose Garcia Villa
ii. Nick Joaquin
iii. NVM Gonzales
iv. Bienvenido Santos
v. Gregorio Brillantes
vi. Gilda Cordero Fernand
National Artist Awards
i. Jose Garcia Villa ii. Nick Joaquin
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THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD (1960- PRESENT)
(https://aprilmaynjune.weebly.com/uploads/8/4/1/9/8419682/5684006_orig.jpg)
The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continues especially with the
appearance of new publications after the Martial Law years and the resurgence of committed literature in
the 1960s and the 1970s. Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, novels and essays
whether these are socially committed, gender/ethnic related or are personal in intention or not. Of course
the Filipino writer has become more conscious of his art with the proliferation of writers workshops here
and abroad and the bulk of literature available to him via the mass media including the internet. The various
literary awards such as the Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature, the Philippines Free Press,
Philippine Graphic, Home Life and Panorama literary awards encourage him to compete with his peers and
hope that his creative efforts will be rewarded in the long run.
With the new requirement by the Commission on Higher Education of teaching ofPhilippine
Literature in all tertiary schools in the country emphasizing the teaching of the vernacular literature or
literatures of the regions, the audience for Filipino writers is virtually assured. And, perhaps, a national
literature finding its niche among the literatures of the world will not be far behind.
● upheavals in Nation's History
- first quarter storm of the Seventies
● Martial Law Years
● Assassination of Ninoy Aquino
● Merging of these three traditions
⮚ Oral Lore – Ethnic Tradition
⮚ Spanish Tradition
⮚ American Colonial Tradition
● Literary Expressions
- Give responses to the historical and political force that have shaped Philippine
society since the pacific war.
Characteristics:
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1. Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights, including freedom of the press
2.Writers used symbolisms and allegories to drive home their message, at the face of heavy censorship
3.Theater was used as a vehicle for protest, such as the PETA (Phil. Educational Theater Association) and
UP Theater.
4. From the eighties onwards, writers continue to show dynamism and innovation
5. Daring or controversial choice of subject matter very innovative in structure and style influence of
different –isms and literary trends from the West characters have become more three-dimensional
characters, plot structure and narrative techniques are more complex
Writers of the Contemporary Period
1.Lualhati Bautista - Dekada '70, Bata, Bata, Pa'no Ka Ginawa?, and ‘GAPÔ.
2.Linda Ty Casper - DreamEden and the political novels Awaiting Trespass, Wings of Stone, A Small Party in
a Garden, and Fortress in the Plaza.
3.Ingrid Chua-Go - The Bag Hag Diaries and her society blog, Manila Social Diary.
4.Gilda Cordero-Fernando - The Butcher, The Baker and The Candlestick Maker (1962) and A Wilderness of
Sweets (1973). These books have been compiled and reissued later as Story Collection (1994)
6.Nick Joaquin - The Woman Who had Two Navels (1961), La Naval de Manila and Other Essays (1964), A
Portrait of the Artist as Filipino (1966), Tropical Gothic (1972), A Question of Heroes (1977), Joseph Estrada
and Other Sketches (1977), Nora Aunor & Other Profiles (1977)
7.Alejandro Roces – My Brother’s Peculiar Chicken
8.Bienvenido Santos - The Praying Man (1982), The Man Who (Thought He) Looked Like Robert Taylor
(1983), What the Hell for You Left Your Heart in San Francisco? (1987)
Comtemporary Period is classified into two categories;

I. POST EDSA LITERATURE (1986- ____)
There is in the academe an emerging critical orientation that draws its concerns and insights from
literary theorizing current in England and the United States. Post-EDSA publishing has been marked by
adventurousness, a willingness to gamble on “non-traditional” projects. The declining prestige of the New
Criticism, whose rigorous aesthetic norms has previously functioned as a Procrustean bed on which Filipino
authors and their works were measured, has opened a gap in the critical evaluation of literary works.
● Post-EDSA publishing has been marked by adventurousness, a willingness to gamble on "non-
traditional' projects.
● Dominant concerns demonstrated by the writer's output and to the direction towards which
literary studies are tending.
● Developing trust towards the retrieval and the recuperation of writing in Philippine languages other
than tagalog.
● Essays work cooperatively and responsibly in today's global village.
- Coping with Challenges
- Instructional Essay
- Personal Narratives
- Factual Recounts
- Personal recounts
Famous Authors and their works

Ang Pinakahuling Kwento ni Huli (The Very Last Story of Huli) – Lilia Quindoza Santiago
The Execution – Charlson Ong
Kabilang sa mga Nawawala (Among the Disappeared) – Ricardo Lee
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Geyluv – Honorio De Dios
Jose Dalisay, Jr. – Oldtimer and Other Stories, Killing Time in a Warm Place, The Island
II. 21st Century Literature (2001- present)

The 21st century in literature refers to world literature in prose produced during the 21st century.
The range of years is, literature written from (roughly) the year 2001 to the present.
In the 21st century Philippines, there are a lot of literary innovations that are adapted and created
by Filipinos. Nowadays, even those who do not have any significant literary background make their own
way using the freedom that they have to write and to express. There are a lot of new froms from the basic
genres of literature; thus, proving how far the literature in the Philippines has gone and how far it will go
on from here.
Philippine writing in the 21st century has taken a new turn. The works are seen as sensitive to
gender, alludes to technology, show culture as plural rather than singular, and questions conventions and
supposedly absolute norms.
Writing by women continues to flourish. They have a feminist stance that questions the centrality
of the patriarchy (male-centered viewpoints). Forbidden Fruit: Women Write the Erotic edited by Tina
Cuyugan and Kung Ibig Mo, love poems edited by Joi Barrios show that a woman’s map of dreams and
desires is better drawn by a woman writer herself. Gone were the days when female characters only came
from the imagination – or fantasy – of men.
Technology is also an important part of this literature, centered on the rise of the city and anchored
on globalization. The economic boom, albeit benefiting only the elite, has led to the opening of the
Philippines to diverse economic interests. Writings on Filipinos abroad and of Filipinos abroad also add to
this more cosmopolitan, if not more consumerist, attitude of the 21st-century Filipino.
Moreover, writings from the regions have served notice that “imperial Manila” is no longer the
only fountain of ideas. We have to thank Ateneo de Naga Publishing House, National Commission on
Culture and the Arts, UP Press, and University of San Agustin Publishing House, among others. The Don
Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards in Literature has opened its magisterial doors to writing from the regions.
Ateneo de Manila University Press and UST Publishing House are both in fine form, publishing important
works from Katipunan and Espana.
Nowadays, writers are no longer made to feel guilty if they write in English. In true subversive
fashion, they now write not just in English or Filipino but in both languages. Some books show poems
printed enface: one side in English, the other in Filipino. The twains have met, and you can no longer detect
which is written first, and which is the translation, for there is equal facility and fluency in both. This recalls
the verbal legerdemain of our ladino poets in the 17th century.
Moreover, Marjorie Evasco has been translating her poems in English into Cebuano, J. Iremil
Teodoro writes lyrical stories in Kinaray-a and translates them into English, Peter Nery slides from English
to Hiligaynon in his erotic poems, Kristian Cordero and Victor Nierva write works in Bicolano and in the next
breath, translate them into elegant English. Surely, the vessels that contain Philippine literature are no
longer one, or two, or even three, but as many as the different languages in our archipelago.
What about the English being written? Trinidad Tarrosa Subido coined the phrase “language if [our]
blood.” Dr. Gemino H. Abad has used it as framework in his three anthologies on Philippine poetry in
English. He said that we have colonized English and have made it our own, and the poems are now “wrought
from English.”
It is no longer the very proper English from the old textbooks, or the Americanese in books
copyrighted in New York. It is now a language filtered by our regional languages and by mass media –
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printed, seen, broadcast – as well as shaped by social media, by the fragmentation of text language, by
sound bites, anime, graphic novels, and cosplays (costume plays).
The internet has also made the Filipino writer less insular or old-fashioned. Bob Ong started a blog,
“Bobong Pinoy” and parlayed it into bestselling books. Other blogs have become popular books and even
box-office-hit movies, i.e., Ang Diary ng Panget. Celebrities are now supposedly writing, while radio
anchors are turning their zany scripts into books. Senator Miriam Defensor Santiago’s
book, Stupid isForever, is the doyenne of them all: it has been the bestselling book since December.
Teenagers can upload their stories in Wattpad, watch them viewed 15 million times, and now get
contracts for a TV series or a romance film. Ghost stories are selling, and so do children’s books and graphic
novels. Young-adult novels are being written, for a generation on the run (or eyes glued to their gadgets).
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Activity #1 (Written Works No. 1)
Name: ________________________________________ Strand and Section: ________________
Date/Week No._________________________________ Score: /50
I. DIRECTIONS: In three (3) sentences, answer the following questions. (10 POINTS)
1.) Explain why literature is considered as the story of a man?
2.) How did Philippine Literature develop from ancient time to present?
II. DIRECTIONS: Read each item carefully and write your answer on the space provided.
(15 POINTS)
1. Religion was the thematic focus during this Era. __________________
2. It showcases a rich past through their speeches, folk songs, folk narratives, mimetic dances
and indigenous rituals. ______________________
3. This period broke away from the tradition especially among the Tagalog poets.
_______________
4. The period wherein literature was used as a tool to assert one’s unique identity
_________________.
5. Integration of Ethnic, Spanish and American Tradition __________________
6. Strong feeling of patriotism and devotion to the country _________________
7. Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and secular prose
and poetry. _______________
8. Spanish, English and Filipino languages flourished in this period _________________
9. Writers used symbolisms and allegories to drive home their message against the
government________________
10. Encouraging the use of vernacular and local tradition _________________
11. Literary work helpfully and dutifully in universal community _________________
12. The used of symbols and metaphors to express messages against the foreign oppressor.
_________________
13. New literary forms such as free verse poetry, the modern short story and critical essay
were introduced. ____________________
14. Filipino writers continue to write poetry, short stories, novellas, and essays. ____________
15. The flowering of Philippine literature in the various languages continues.
_______________
PAGE
\*
III. DIRECTIONS: Complete the table below by writing three (3) characteristics and two (2)
literary works for each literary period. (25 points)
Periods Pre- The The The The Japanese The
colonial Spanish Nationalistic United Occupation Contemporary
Period Regime Period States Period
Colonial
Rule
Characteristics 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
Literary Works 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2.
References
Ang, Jaime G. Ph.D. (2016)
Literatura:21st Century Philippine & World Literature. Mindshapes Co, Inc.,
elibrary.pcu.edu.ph, An581l 2016
Mata E.L et al (2016), 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and from the World for Senior
High, Malabon, Mutya Publishing Inc.
Thaddeus E.M et. Al. (2017) 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and from the World. 21 st
2nd Ed.
Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:
Mr. Martin S. Cardaño Ms. Allyzon B. Camantoy Mario S. Mecate, Ph.D.

Ms. Jinia R. Gonzales English 12 Subject Lead Teacher AVP, Basic Education/Principal
Ms. Marjorie C. Lacson
Ms. Paulene S. Patam
Ms. Princess Peñalosa
Ms. Alyssa May A. Rodriguez
Ms. Kate B. Ruiz
Ms. Leah C. Villafuerte
Subject Teacher/s
PAGE
\*

21ST 1STQ Module Week1

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Philippine Christian University

Sampaloc 1, Dasmariñas City, Cavite

LESSON 1: PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY FROM PRE-COLONIAL TO CONTEMPORARY

Dimensions of Philippine Literary History

PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD (__B.C. to 1564)

Pag may tiyaga, may nilaga.

THE SPANISH REGIME (1565-1863)

a. Took on a Religious Character

THE NATIONALISTIC PERIOD (1864-1896)

Other Famous Authors:

THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942-1944)

The top four stories were

Comtemporary Period is classified into two categories;

Famous Authors and their works

II. 21st Century Literature (2001- present)

Prepared by: Checked by: Approved by:

Mr. Martin S. Cardaño Ms. Allyzon B. Camantoy Mario S. Mecate, Ph.D.

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