Chp#13

Testing of Hypothesis

I. Differentiate between Type-I and Type-II error.

( 2018 )
Ans. Type- I Error Type-II Error
 The rejection of true • The acceptance of false
H0 is called α -error or H0 is called β -error or
Type-I error. Type-II error.
 For example: • For example:
i. A teacher punishing i. A judge acquitting a
Innocent student. guilty person.
ii. The police holding up ii. A teacher passing a
an innocent citizen. weak student.

II. Define simple hypothesis and composite hypothesis.

( 2018, 2017 )
Ans. Simple Hypothesis:
A hypothesis which defines the distribution
completely specify all its parameters and assumes a single
single value for each parameter is called simple hypothesis.
For example:
i. X N (60 , 100) ii. X b(5 ,½)
Composite Hypothesis:
A hypothesis which defines the distribution
does not completely specify all its parameters and or
assumes a range of values for some or all the parameters is
called composite hypothesis.
For example:
 i. H0 ; X N ( μ , 100) ii. H0 ; X b( 5 , P)

III. Define in short statistical hypothesis.

( 2017 )
Ans. An assumption about the unknown value of population
parameter from which the sample is drawn and it may be
true or false is called statistical hypothesis.

IV. Define one tailed and two tailed test.

( 2017 )
Ans. One Tailed Test:
A test for which the critical region lies on one
side of the sampling distribution of a test statistic is called
one tailed test. It has one alternative hypothesis as
H1 ; μ>60kg or H1 ; μ<60kg etc

Two Tailed Test:

A test for which the critical region lies on both
sides of the sampling distribution of a test statistic is called
two tailed test. It has two alternative hypothesis as H 1 ;
μ ≠ 60kg etc.

V. Test H0 : μ=1120 vs H1 : μ ≠1120 if Z = -1.65.

( 2016 )
 Ans. α= 0.05
Critical region:
α α
Zcalculated < -Z 2 or Zcalculated > Z 2
0.05 0.05
< -Z 2 >Z 2
< -Z0.025 > Z0.025
−1.65< −1.96 −1.65 > 1.96
Result:
Accept H0

VI. Test H0 : μ=23 vs H1 : μ ≠ 23 if t = -1.17 and n = 6.

( 2016 )
Ans. α= 0.05
Critical region:
α α
tcalculated > t 2 (n−1) or tcalculated < -t 2 (n−1)
0.05 0.05
> t 2 ( 6−1 ) < -t 2 ( 6−1 )
> t0.025(5) < -t0.025(5)
−1.17 > 2.571 −1.17 < −2.571
Result:
Accept H0

VII. Define student’s t- Statistic.

( 2016 )
Ans. A method of testing hypothesis about the mean of a small
sample drawn from a normally distributed population
when the population standard deviation is unknown.
x−μ
t=
s/√n

VIII. Define the term Alternative hypothesis.

( 2015 )
Ans. A hypothesis, which is different from null hypothesis and
 accepted when null hypothesis is rejected is called
alternative hypothesis. It is denoted by H1.

IX. What is meant by simple hypothesis?

( 2015 )
Ans. A hypothesis, which defines the distribution completely
specify all its parameters and assumes a single value for
each parameter is called simple hypothesis.
For example:
i . X N ( 60 ,100 ) ii. X b ( 5 , ½ )

X. What is meant by two tailed test?

( 2015 )
Ans. A test for which the critical region lies on both sides of
the sampling distribution of a test statistic is called two
tailed test. It has two alternative hypothesis as H1 ; μ ≠
60kg etc.

XI.

What do you understand by the testing of hypothesis?

( 2014 )
Ans. The methods which make possible, by using sample
observations either to accept or reject the null the null
hypothesis at a given level of significance are called tests of
hypothesis or hypothesis testing.

XII. Explain type-I error with an example.

( 2014 )
Ans. The rejection of true H0 is called α-error or type-I error or
error of first kind. Examples are:
i. A teacher punishing an innocent student.
ii. The police holding up an innocent citizen.