Object: To Determine The Minor Losses Due to a Sharp 900 Pipe Elbow and Gradual

Expansion in Pipe.

Introduction to Practical:
In this practical, we determine the minor losses in the Losses in bends and fittings apparatus
due to sharp 900 elbow and gradual expansion in pipe.

Apparatus required:
Loss in bends and fitting apparatus, Hydraulic bench and Stop watch .

Theory:
Minor losses due to sharp 900 elbow :
The minor losses due to a sharp 900 elbow is a function of velocity head. KE90 = 10110hL/Q2
and the range is KE90 =1.1

Fig: 900 bent

Minor losses due to gradual expansion in pipe:
The minor losses in a pipe due to gradual expansion is a function of two different radii.
hL =Kge V2/2g and Kge = 0.15

Procedure:
 Start the machine.
 Set up the connection.
 Open the valve.
 Check to see if any air bubbles pop up.
 Let the air bubbles through.
 Measure the reading of h1 and h2.
 Calculate the volumetric discharge.
 Calculate the valve of KE90 and Klrb.