FUNDAMENTALS OF ICT

Computers devices and the web

A world of technology

Digitally literate - person who knows different knowledge of technology

Digital literacy – involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers,

mobile devices, the internet and related term.

Computer – electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in it

owns memory

Accepts data (input )– processing – produces info (output)

 Laptop
 Tablet
 Desktop
 Server

Mobile and game devices

 Smart phone
 Digital camera
 Portable media player
 Ebook reader
 Game console

Data information

1. Data (prices)
2. Storage and processes
 Stores entered data
 Computes each item
 Organize data
 Sums all item
 Calculate change due to customer
 Stores resulting info
3. Information( output)
 Receipt
Keyboard - A keyboard contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a
computer or mobile device

Voice input – some mobile devices and computers enable you to speak data
instructions

Scanner – is a light-sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a
form the computer can process

Output device- is only hardware component that conveys information from a computer
or mobile device to one or more people

Printer – is an output that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as
paper.

Display – is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics and video information

Speaker- allows you to hear audio such as music, voice and other sounds

 Earbuds
 Earphones
 Headphones

Data and information

 Memory consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be

executed and the data needed by those instructions.
 A computer keeps data, instructions and information on a storage media

Storage device - A storage device records (writes) and/ or retrieves (reads) items to
and from storage media.

 Hard disk, memory card, solid-state drive, optical disk, USB flash drive, cloud
storage

Data – is raw and unorganized fact that required to be processed to make it meaningful

Information – is a set data that is processed

THE INTERNET

Evolution of the internet

 The internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969

Connecting to the internet

 With wired connections, a computer or device physically attaches via a cable

wire to a communications device
 Computers without a communications device can use a wireless modem.

Cyber café – is a location that provides computers with internet access, usually for a
fee

- Bandwidth represents the amount of data that travels over a network

- Megabyte (MB)
- Gigabyte (GB)

IP address – is a sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies each computer or

device connected to the internet

Domain name- is a text based name that corresponds to the IP address

DNS server - translates the domain name into its associated IP address

Web 2.0 – refers to websites that provide a means for users to share personal
information, allow users to modify website content, and provide applications through a
browser.

Desktop browsers typically support tabbed browsing

Web publishing - is the development and maintenance of websites

Home page – is the first page that a website displays

Internet – is a worldwide collection of networks

The web – consists of worldwide collection of electronic documents such as websites

and web pages.

Web server – is a computer that delivers requested web pages to your computer

Browser – is software that enables users with an internet connection to access and
view web pages on a computer or mobile device

Search engine – is software that finds websites, web pages, images, videos, news,
maps, and other information related to a specific topic

Online social network – encourages members to share their interest, ideas, stories,
photos, music and videos with other registered users.
Digital safety and security – it is important that users protect their computers and
mobile device.

Green computing – involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental

waste generated when using a computer.

MEDIA ON THE WEB

Graphic – is a digital representation of non text information (bmp, gif, jpeg, png, tiff)

Infographic – is a visual representation of data and information, designed to

communicate quickly, simply complex concepts, or present patterns or trends

Animation – is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images

in sequence

OTHER INTERNET SERVICES

Email - is the transmission of messages and files via a computer network

Email program –allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete
email messages.

Email list – is a group of email addresses used for mass distribution of a message

Instant messaging (IM) – Is a real time internet communications service

Chat – is a real time typed conversation that takes place on a computer or mobile
device

Chat room –is a website or application that permits users to chat with others who are
online at the same time.

Discussion forum – is an online area which users have written discussions about a
particular subject

VoIP – (VOICE OVER IP) enables users to speak to other users over the helmet.

FTP – (file transfer protocol) is an internet standard that permits file uploading and
downloading to and from other computers on the internet.

Netiquette – is the code of acceptable internet behavior

PROGRAM AND APPS

Software – also called a program, tells the computer what task to perform and how to
perform them.
Communications and networks – in the course of a day, it is likely you use, or use
information generated by one or more of those communication technologies.

Communication devices – is a hardware capable of transferring items from computers

and devices to transmission media and vice versa.

Network – is a collection of computers and devices connected together via

communications devices and transmission media.

1. How do to access ‘edit points’ to modify shapes in MS ppt?

- Select the shape you want to modify, right click the shape, choose edit points
2. How to insert pictures in Microsoft powerpoint?
- Click the insert tab browse/ locate and select the image file then click insert
3. How to group multiple pictures/ objects in MS PPT?
- Hold down the shift key and click the pictures/ objects you want to select, right
click and hover the group option, click group.
4. How to select pictures in MS PPT?
- Simply click to select a picture
5. How to rotate a picture in MS PPT?
- Click and drag the arrow above an image to rotate it right or left.
6. How to select multiple pictures/ objects in MS PPT?
- Hold down the shift key and click the pictures/ objects you want to select.

7. How to resize a picture in MS PPT?

- Click and drag the corner sizing handles until the pictures is the desired size.
8. How to do rename objects in MS PPT?
- Select the image you want to rename, click the picture format tab, locate the
selection pane button and click it, from the selection pane, double click the
highlighted layer’s name and rename it