H WORLD LIBE RATION

VISUALIZING THIRD AND FOURT

GRADUATE SEMINAR IN CHICANO
/LATINO STUDIES | FALL 2008
SSC 896 TUESDAY 6:10-9:00 PM | 203 SOUTH KEDZIE HALL
PROF. DYLAN MINER
DESCRIPTION |
Using the following citations as intellectual and political sustenance, this graduate seminar will
investigate the complex and nuanced function that (visual) art plays within anti-colonial, de-
colonizing, and anti-capitalist movements. We will focus on the cultural and artistic practices
of anti-colonial movements, concentrating on Indigenous (and mestizo/métis) resistance in the
Americas. As a doctoral seminar in Chicano/Latino Studies, this class is founded on the propo-
sition that Xicanas/os are an Indigenous people and therefore Xicana/o cultural history must be
contextualized and studied in dialogue with other Indigenous and anti-colonial histories, particu-
larly those in the Western hemisphere.

Beginning with the intellectual traditions of mid-twentieth-century Third and Fourth World Lib-
eration movements, we will work collaboratively to understand the role of art to both spark and
sustain movements against capitalist colonization. Since this course is designed around discus-
sion and dialogue, we will work interdisciplinarily and collectively with the goal of sustaining an
anti-colonial critique. Not only will we think about anti-colonialism as an object of analysis, we
will be active in producing scholarship that combats the processes of colonialism, capitalism,
and empire.

The seminar is divided into two sections: 1. Anti-colonial Theory and 2. Social History of Art. We
will begin the course by developing a working theory and language with which to understand art
as an active agent in anti-colonial struggle. This will be followed by an investigation of particular
social movements and the art within them.

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES |
‘My people will sleep for 100 years, and when they awake, it will be the artists who give them
back their spirit.’
– Louis Riel, Michif Revolutionary hanged by the Canadian Government in 1885

‘Colonialism did not dream of wasting its time in denying the existence of one national culture
after another. Therefore the reply of the colonized people will be straight away continental in its
breadth.’
– Frantz Fanon, Les damnés de la terre

READINGS |
1. Taiaiake Alfred. Wasáse: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom (Toronto: Broad,
2007).
2. Rodolfo Anaya and Francisco Lomelí, eds. Aztlán: Essays on the Chicano Homeland
(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 1991).
3. Guillermo Bonil Batalla. México Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization (Austin: University of
Texas, 1996).
4. Aimé Cesaire. Discourse on Colonialism, New ed. (New York: Monthly Review, 2001).
5. David Craven. Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910-1990 (New Haven, CT: Yale
University Press, 2002).
6. Albert Memmi. The Colonizer and the Colonized, Expanded ed. (New York: Beacon, 1991).
7. Chela Sandoval. Methodology of the Oppressed (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota,
2000).
8. Linda Tuhiwai Smith. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples
(London: Zed, 1999).
9. PDFs available online! CONTACT | DMINER@MSU.EDU OR WWW. DYLANMINER.COM
SSC 896 | ART + ANTI-COLONIALISM:
VISUALIZING THIRD AND FOURTH WORLD LIBERATION
GRADUATE SEMINAR IN CHICANO/LATINO STUDIES PROFESSOR | DYLAN MINER, PHD
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY EMAIL | DMINER@ MSU .EDU
FALL 2008 | SSC 896 OFFICE HOURS | TR 2:10-3:30
T 4:10-7:00 OFFICE | C230J SNYDER HALL
CLASSROOM | 203 SOUTH K EDZIE HALL PHONE | 884-1323

ORGANIZING PRINCIPLES |
‘My people will sleep for 100 years, and when they awake, it will be the artists who give them back their
spirit.’
– Louis Riel, Michif Revolutionary hanged by the Canadian Government in 1885

‘Colonialism did not dream of wasting its time in denying the existence of one national culture after
another. Therefore the reply of the colonized people will be straight away continental in its breadth.’
– Frantz Fanon, Les damnés de la terre

DESCRIPTION |
Using the preceding citations as intellectual and political sustenance, this graduate seminar will investigate
the complex and nuanced function that (visual) art plays within anti-colonial, decolonizing, and anti-
capitalist movements. We will focus on the cultural and artistic practices of anti-colonial movements,
concentrating on Indigenous (and mestizo/métis) resistance in the Americas. As a doctoral seminar in
Chicano/Latino Studies, this class is founded on the proposition that Xicanas/os are an Indigenous people
and therefore Xicana/o cultural history must be contextualized and studied in dialogue with other
Indigenous and anti-colonial histories, particularly those in the Western hemisphere.

Beginning with the intellectual traditions of mid-twentieth-century Third and Fourth World Liberation
movements, we will work collaboratively to understand the role of art to both spark and sustain movements
against capitalist colonization. Since this course is designed around discussion and dialogue, we will work
interdisciplinarily and collectively with the goal of sustaining an anti-colonial critique. Not only will we
think about anti-colonialism as an object of analysis, we will be active in producing scholarship that
combats the processes of colonialism, capitalism, and empire.

The seminar is divided into two sections: 1. Anti-colonial Theory and 2. Social History of Art. We will
begin the course by developing a working theory and language with which to understand art as an active
agent in anti-colonial struggle. This will be followed by an investigation of particular social movements
and the art within them.

OBJECTIVES |
Due to the interdisciplinarity of this course, the goals and objectives are likewise multiple. By reading,
discussing, analyzing, and engaging course material, you will accomplish the following:

1. Develop a working understanding of anti-colonial theory and practice.

2. Investigate the relationship between art and anti-colonial struggle.
3. Engage in anti-colonial discourse and associated intellectual pursuits.
4. Explain the function of (visual) art within radical social movements.
5. Develop a language to understand the complex role that (visual) culture plays in anti-colonial struggle.
6. Understand the relationship between colonialism and its radical disavowal.
7. Produce new modes of anti-capitalist and anti-colonialist praxis.
8. Position Xicana/o history and culture in dialogue with other anti-colonial history.

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 1 of 13

REQUIRED ASSIGNMENTS | 1000 POINTS
class participation 300 points [15 weeks x 20 points]
class facilitation 200 points [2 classes x 100 points]
annotated outlines 100 points [2 outlines x 50 points]
research paper 400 points

READINGS |
Readings will be equivalent to one monograph or book per week. The readings are divided into three
categories: primary, secondary, and tertiary. The primary texts are the main texts around which we will
build seminar dialogue. The secondary texts engage with a similar theme, yet confront the subject in
different or supporting ways. Secondary readings will supplement the primary readings. Both primary and
secondary readings are required!

In addition to required readings, I will also supply PDF files for complementary or tertiary texts. These
tertiary readings are texts that will broaden your knowledge of a particular subject area. You are not
expected to read these, yet they may be used to help you further understand the required course material.
Likewise, tertiary readings will aid in your intellectual development and future projects. As such, they may
be downloaded for future reading, help in your class facilitation, or used in your final research project.
Many of these will also aid in your eventual dissertation/thesis projects.

TEXTS | TO BE PURCHASED
1. Taiaiake Alfred. Wasáse: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom (Toronto: Broad, 2007). $30/$20
2. Rodolfo Anaya and Francisco Lomelí, eds. Aztlán: Essays on the Chicano Homeland (Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico, 1991). $20/$2
3. Guillermo Bonfil Batalla. México Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization (Austin: University of Texas,
1996). $22/$9
4. Aimé Cesaire. Discourse on Colonialism, New ed. (New York: Monthly Review, 2001). $14/$9
5. David Craven. Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910-1990 (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 2002). $28/$24
6. Albert Memmi. The Colonizer and the Colonized, Expanded ed. (New York: Beacon, 1991). $17/$5
7. Chela Sandoval. Methodology of the Oppressed (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2000). $20/$14
8. Linda Tuhiwai Smith. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples (London: Zed,
1999). $32/$17
09. Lots of PDFs available online!
APPROXIMATE COST | New: $197; Used: $107

COURSE OUTLINE |
WEEK 01 08.26.2008 INTRODUCTION
WEEK 02 09.02.2008 METHODOLOGIES AGAINST COLONIALISM
WEEK 03 09.09.2008 METHODOLOGIES OF THE O PPRESSED
WEEK 04 09.16.2008 RAICES Y SEMILLAS DEL MESTIZAJE: FREEDOM OR SLAVERY?
WEEK 05 09.23.2008 A SUSTAINED ANTI-COLONIALISM
WEEK 06 09.30.2008 THIRD WORLD ANTI-COLONIAL THEORY
10.02.2008 ‘ROJO A MANECER’ FILM + LECTURE
WEEK 07 10.07.2008 FOURTH WORLD ANTI-COLONIAL THEORY
WEEK 08 10.14.2008 NATIONAL LIBERATION + NATIONALISM
10.14.2008 INDIGENOUS LOVE LECTURE AT NOKOMIS
WEEK 09 10.21.2008 XICANA/O ANTI-COLONIAL THEORY
WEEK 10 10.28.2008 AZTLÁN AS SITE OF LIBERATION
WEEK 11 11.04.2008 ART AS REVOLUTION
WEEK 12 11.11.2008 ARTE DEL MOVIMIENTO XICANO
WEEK 13 11.18.2008 MANIFIESTOS ARTÍSTICOS XICANOS
WEEK 14 11.25.2008 ARTE EN MÉXICO REVOLUCIONARIO
WEEK 15 12.02.2008 CUBA LIBRE + NICARAGUA SANDINISTA [PAPERS DUE]
WEEK 16 12.09.2008 COMING FULL CIRCLE

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 2 of 13

CALENDAR
THEORY SECTION
WEEK 01 | INTRODUCTION
1. No readings.

WEEK 02 | METHODOLOGIES AGAINST COLONIALISM

PRIMARY TEXT |
1. Linda Tuhiwai Smith. Decolonizing Methodologies. Intro. + Chapters 1, 3, 6, 8.
2. Taiaiake Alfred and Jeff Corntassel. ‘Being Indigenous: Resurgences against Contemporary
Colonialism,’ PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Terry Eagleton. ‘Losses and Gains,’ PDF.
2. Neil Larsen. ‘Imperialism, Colonialism, Postcolonialism,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Margaret Maaka. ‘E Kua Takoto te Mānuka Tutahi: Decolonization, Self-Determination, and
Education,’ PDF.
2. Stefano Varese, Guillermo Delgado, and Rodolfo Meyer. ‘Indigenous Anthropologies Beyond
Barbados,’ PDF.

WEEK 03 | METHODOLOGIES OF THE OPPRESSED

PRIMARY TEXT |
1. Chela Sandoval. Methodology of the Oppressed.
2. Paolo Friere. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. Selection, PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Sandoval, Chela. “U.S. Third World Feminism: The Theory and Method of Oppositional Consciousness
in the Postmodern World,’ PDF.

WEEK 04 | RAICES Y SEMILLAS DEL MESTIZAJE: FREEDOM OR SLAVERY?

PRIMARY TEXTS |
1. Guillermo Bonfil Batalla. México Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization (Austin: University of Texas,
1996).
2. José Vasconcelos. La Raza Cósmica, PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS | TO BE DIVIDED AMONGST CLASS

1. Antonio Cornejo Polár. ‘Mestizaje and Hybridity,’ PDF
2. Jack D. Forbes. ‘The Mestizo-Métis Concept: A Product of European Imperialism,’ PDF.
3. John Kraniauskas. ‘Hybridity in a Transnational Framework,’ PDF.
4. Alberto Moreiras. ‘Hybridity and Double Consciousness,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Howard Adams. Prison of Grass, PDF.
2. Chaz Bufe and Mitchell Cowen Verter, eds. Dreams of Freedom: A Ricardo Flores Magón Reader, PDF.
3. Miguel Gandert and Enrique Lamadrid. Nuevo México Profundo, PDF.
4. Serge Gruzinski. La Pensée Métisse (The Mestizo Mind), PDF.
5. J. Jorge Klor de Alva. ‘Mestizaje from New Spain to Aztlán: On the Control and Classification of
Collective Identities,’ PDF.
6. Enrique Lamadrid. Hermanitos Comachitos, PDF.
7. Rafael Pérez-Torres. Mestizaje: Critical Uses of Race in Chicano Culture, PDF.
8. Robert McKee Irwin. ‘Toward a Border Gnosis of the Borderlands,’ PDF.
9. Duke Redbird. We are Métis, PDF.

WEEK 05 | A SUSTAINED ANTI-COLONIALISM

PRIMARY TEXTS |

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 3 of 13

1. Frantz Fanon. Les Damnés de la Terre. ‘Pitfalls on National Consciousness’ and ‘On National Culture,’
PDF.
2. Albert Memmi. Colonizer and the Colonized.
3. Jean-Paul Sartre. Colonialism and Neocolonialism. Preface’ and ‘Colonialism is a System,’ PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Perry Anderson. ‘Modernity and Revolution,’ PDF.

WEEK 06 | THIRD WORLD ANTI-COLONIAL THEORY

PRIMARY TEXT |
1. Aimé Cesaire. Discourse on Colonialism.

SUPPLEMENTARY TEXTS |
2. Robin D.G. Kelley. ‘A Poetics of Anticolonialism,’ PDF.
3. Mary Louise Pratt. ‘The Anticolonial Past,’ PDF.
4. CLR James. ‘What is Art,’ The CLR James Reader, PDF.

WEEK 07 | FOURTH WORLD ANTI- COLONIAL THEORY

PRIMARY TEXTS |
1. Taiaiake Alfred. Wasáse.
2. Howard Adams. A Tortured People, PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Ward Churchill. ‘I am Indigenist,’ from Struggle for the Land, PDF.
2. Lina Sunseri. ‘Moving Beyond the Feminism Versus Nationalism Dichotomy: an Anti-Colonial
Feminist Perspective on Aboriginal Liberation Struggles,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Joyce Green, ed. Making Space for Indigenous Feminism.
2. Ward Churchill. ‘Indigenism, Anarchism, and the State,’ PDF.
3. New Socialist, PDF.
4. Taiaiake Alfred. Peace, Power, Righteousness, PDF.

WEEK 08 | NATIONAL LIBERATION + NATIONALISM

PRIMARY TEXTS |
1. Mihalis Mentinis. Zapatistas: The Chiapas Revolt and What it Means for Radical Politics. Selections,
PDF.
2. John Holloway. Changing the World Without Taking Power. Selections, PDF.
3. Lorenzo Komboa Erwin. Anarchism and the Black Revolution, PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Howard Adams. Prison of Grass, PDF.
2. Benedict Anderson. Imagined Communities PDF.
3. Partha Chatterjee, Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World, PDF

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Alurista. ‘Cultural Nationalism and Xicano Literature during the Decade of 1965-1975,’ PDF.
2. Alberto Híjar. Arte y Utopía en América Latina, PDF.
3. Jorge Mariscal. Brown-eyed Children of the Sun.
4. Robert Warrior, et al. American Indian Literary Nationalism.

WEEK 09 | XICANA/O ANTI- COLONIAL THEORY

PRIMARY TEXT |
1. Plan de Santa Barbara, PDF.
2. Plan Espiritual de Aztlán, PDF.
3. ‘Statement of the Revolutionary Caucus at Denver’s Chicano Youth Liberation Conference,’ PDF.

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 4 of 13

4. Teresa Córdova. ‘Anti-Colonial Chicana Feminism,’ PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
4. Alma Garcia. Chicana Feminist Thought. Selections, PDF.
5. Each student supplies the class with their ‘favorite’ text.

ARTISTIC PRACTICE SECTION

WEEK 10 | AZTLÁN AS SITE OF LIBERATION
PRIMARY TEXT |
1. Rodolfo Anaya + Francisco Lomelí, eds. Aztlán.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Alicia Arrizón, ‘Mythical Performativity: Relocating Aztlán in Chicana Feminist Cultural Productions,’
PDF.
2. Rafael Pérez-Torres. ‘Refiguring Aztlán,’ PDF.
3. Cherrie Moraga. ‘Queer Aztlán: The Re-formation of Chicano Tribe,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Constance Cortez. ‘Aztlán in Tejás: Chicano/a Art from the Third Coast,’ PDF.
2. Gabriel S. Estrada. ‘An Aztec Two-Spirited Cosmology,’ PDF.
3. Jack Forbes. Aztecas del Norte: The Chicanos of Aztlán.
4. Alicia Gaspar de Alba. ‘There’s No Place Like Aztlán: Embodied Aesthetics in Chicana Art,’ PDF.
5. Kaytie Johnson. Leaving Aztlán (redux). Exhibition Announcement, PDF.
6. Jamil Khader. ‘Transnationalizing Aztlán: Anaya’s Heart of Aztlán and US Proletarian Literature,’ PDF.
7. Apaxu Maiz. Looking 4 Aztlan: Birthright or Right 4 Birth.
8. Federico Navarette. ‘The Path from Aztlan to Mexico: On visual narration in Mesoamerican codices,’
PDF.
9. Virgina Fields and Victor Zamudio-Taylor, eds. The Road to Aztlán.

WEEK 11 | ART AS REVOLUTION

PRIMARY TEXTS |
1. Amilcar Cabral. ‘National Liberation and Culture,’ PDF.
2. Adolfo Sánchez Vásquez. Selections from Art + Society, PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Andrew Hemingway. ‘Marxism and Art History after the Fall of Communism,’ PDF.
2. David Craven. ‘Marxism and Critical Art History,’ PDF.
3. Gerardo Mosquera. ‘Sánchez Vásquez: Marxismo y Arte Abstracto,’ PDF.
4. Gene Ray. ‘On the Conditions of Anti-Capitalist Art,’ PDF.
5. Gene Ray. ‘Another (Art) World is Possible,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Social Justice: A Journal of Crime, Conflict and World Order, Special Issues on Art, Power, and Social
Change 33:2 (2006), PDF.
2. Social Justice: A Journal of Crime, Conflict and World Order, Special Issues on Art, Identity, and Social
justice 34:1 (2007), PDF.
3. Rasheed Araeen. ‘A New Beginning: Beyond Postcolonial Cultural Theory and Identity Politics,’ PDF.
4. David Craven. ‘C.L.R. James as Art Theorist,’ PDF.
5. Okwui Enwezor. ‘The Artist as Producer in Times of Crisis,’ PDF.
6. Gerald Raunig. Art and Revolution.
7. Adolfo Sánchez Vásquez. ‘La Pintura como Lenguaje,’ PDF.
8. Gregory Sholette, ‘Dark Matter,’ PDF.
9. Gregory Sholette, ‘Collective Silence,’ PDF.

WEEK 12 | ARTE DEL MOVIMIENTO XICANO

PRIMARY TEXTS |

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 5 of 13

1. Griswold del Castillo, et al. Chicano Art: Resistance and Affirmation, PDF.
2. Amalia Mesa Bains. ‘Domesticana.’ PDF.
3. Jacinto Quirarte. Mexican American Art, PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. George Lipsitz. ‘Not Just Another Poster,’ PDF.
2. Guisela Latorre. ‘Indigenism and Chicana/o Muralism: The Radicalization of an Aesthetic,’ online.
3. Misc. catalogues, PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Alicia Gaspar de Alba. Chicano Art: Inside/Outside the Master’s House.
2. Karen Mary Dávalos. Exhibiting Mestizaje: Mexican (American) Museums in the Diaspora.
3. Edward McCaughan. ‘Art and Identity in Mexican and Chicano Social Movements,’ PDF.
4. Laura Pérez. Chicana Art: The Politics of Spiritual and Aesthetic Alterities.

WEEK 13 | MANIFIESTOS ARTÍSTICOS XICANOS

PRIMARY TEXTS |
1. Carlos Almaraz. ‘The Artist as Revolutionary,’ PDF.
2. Carlos Cortéz Koyokuikatl. ‘El Machetazo,’ PDF.
3. Equipo Editorial. Introduction to ‘A Critical Perspective on the State of Chicano Art,’ PDF.
4. Shifra Goldman. ‘Response: Another Opinion on the State of Chicano Art,’ PDF.
5. Malaquías Montoya and Leslie Salkowitz-Montoya. ‘A Critical Perspective on the State of Chicano Art,’
PDF.
6. Manuel Pellicer. ‘Epilogue: El Chicanismo frente a los reacciones,’ PDF.
7. Leon Trotsky and André Breton, ‘Towards a Free Revolutionary Art,’ PDF.
8. Marcela Trujillo Gaitan. ‘The Dilemma of the Modern Chicana Artist and Writer,’ PDF.
9. Sybil Venegas. ‘The Artists and Their Work–The Role of the Chicana Artist,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Herman Pi‘ikea Clark. ‘Hänau Kahikiku me Kahikimoe: A Call for the Development of a Theory for
Kanaka Maoli Visual Culture Education,’ PDF.
2. Vargas, George. ‘A Historical Overview/Update on the State of Chicano Art,’ PDF.

WEEK 14 | ARTE EN M ÉXICO REVOLUCIONARIO

PRIMARY TEXTS |
1. David Craven. Art and Revolution in Latin America, 25-73.
2. John Ittman. Mexico and Modern Printmaking, PDF.

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Alicia Azuela. ‘El Machete and Frente a Frente: Art Committed to Social Justice in Mexico,’ PDF.
2. Alberto Híjar Serrano. ‘The Latin American Left and the Contribution of Diego Rivera to National
Liberation,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Shifra Goldman. ‘Mexican Muralism: Its Social-Educative Roles in Latin America and the United
States,’ PDF.
2. Dylan AT Miner. ‘El Renegado Comunista: Diego Rivera, La Liga de Obreros y Campesinos and
Mexican Repatriation in Detroit,’ PDF.
3. Dylan Miner. ‘Carlos Cortéz Koyokuikatl: Wobbly Heir to the TGP,’ PDF.

WEEK 15 | CUBA LIBRE + NICARAGUA SANDINISTA

PRIMARY TEXTS |
1. David Craven. Art and Revolution in Latin America, 75-175.
2. Lincoln Cushing. ¡Revolución!, PDF.
3. Raúl Quintanilla. ‘A Suspended Dialogue,’ PDF.

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 6 of 13

SECONDARY TEXTS |
1. Gerardo Mosquera. ‘La función social de las artes plásticas en la revolucíon,’ PDF.
2. Gerardo Mosquera. ‘Las dos caras de la tradición,’ PDF.

TERTIARY TEXTS |
1. Luis Camnitzer. New Art of Cuba.
2. Michael Chanan. The Cuban Image.
3. Sujatha Fernandes. Cuba Represent!: Cuban Arts, State Power, and the Making of New Revolutionary
Cultures.
4. David Kunzle. The Revolutionary Murals of Nicaragua, 1979-1992.

WEEK 16 | COMING FULL CIRCLE

PRIMARY TEXT |
1. Esteban Ticona Alejo. Lecturas para la Descolonización, PDF.

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 7 of 13

ART + ANTI-COLONIALISM
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
Anonymous. Plan de Santa Barbara. PDF.

Anonymous. Plan Espiritual de Aztlán. PDF.

Anonymous. ‘Statement of the Revolutionary Caucus at Denver’s Chicano Youth Liberation Conference.’
El Pocho Ché 1:1 (July 1969); np.

Howard Adams. Tortured People: The Politics of Colonization, revised edition (Penicton, BC: Theytus,
1999).

Howard Adams. Prison of Grass: Canada from a Native Point of View (Toronto: General, 1975).

Taiaiake Alfred. Wasáse: Indigenous Pathways of Action and Freedom (Toronto: Broadview, 2005).

Taiaiake Alfred. Peace, Power, Righteousness: An Indigenous Manifesto (New York: Oxford University,
1999).

Taiaiake Alfred and Jeff Corntassel. ‘Being Indigenous: Resurgences against Contemporary Colonialism,’
Government and Opposition 2005: 597-614.

Carlos Almaraz. ‘The Artist as Revolutionary.’ Chisméarte 1:1 (1976): 47-55.

Alicia Azuela. ‘El Machete and Frente a Frente: Art Committed to Social Justice in Mexico,’ Art Journal
52:1 (Spring 1993): 82-87.

Carlos Cortéz Koyokuikatl. ‘El Machetazo.’ ABRAZO 1:1 (1976): 25.

Alurista. ‘Cultural Nationalism and Xicano Literature during the Decade of 1965-1975,’ MELUS 8:2
(Summer 1981): 22-34.

Rodolfo Anaya and Francisco Lomelí, eds. Aztlán: Essas on the Chicano Homeland (Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico, 1989).

Benedict Anderson. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, new
edition (New York: Verso, 2006).

Perry Anderson. ‘Modernity and Revolution,’ New Left Review 144 (March/April 1984): 96-113.

Rasheed Araeen. ‘A New Beginning: Beyond Postcolonial Cultural Theory and Identity Politics,’ Third
Text 50 (Spring 2000): 3–20.

Alicia Arrizón,. ‘Mythical Performativity: Relocating Aztlán in Chicana Feminist Cultural Productions,’
Theatre Journal 52 (2000): 23-49.

Guillermo Bonfil Batalla. México Profundo: Reclaiming a Civilization (Austin: University of Texas,
1996).

Chaz Bufe and Mitchell Cowen Verter, eds. Dreams of Freedom: A Ricardo Flores Magón Reader (San
Francisco: AK Press, 2005).

Amilcar Cabral. National Liberation and Culture (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University, 1970).

Luis Camnitzer. New Art of Cuba (Austin: University of Texas, 2003).

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 8 of 13

Aimé Cesaire. Discourse on Colonialism, new edition (New York: Monthly Review, 2001).

Michael Chanan. The Cuban Image. London: British Film Institute, 1985.

Partha Chatterjee. Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World: A Derivative Discourse (Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota, 1993).

Ward Churchill. ‘Indigenism, Anarchism, and the State,’ Upping the Anti: A Journal of Theory and Action
1 (2005): 39-40.

Ward Churchill. ‘I am Indigenist,’ Struggle for the Land (Monroe, ME: Common Courage, 1993): 403-
451.

Herman Pi‘ikea Clark. ‘Hänau Kahikiku me Kahikimoe: A Call for the Development of a Theory for
Kanaka Maoli Visual Culture Education,’ Educational Perspectives 37:1 (2004): 23-30.

Teresa Córdova. ‘Anti-Colonial Chicana Feminism,’ New Political Science 20:4 (1998); 379-397.

Antonio Cornejo Polár. ‘Mestizaje and Hybridity,’ Ana del Sarto, Abril Trigo, and Alicia Ríos, eds. The
Latin American Cultural Studies Reader (Durham, NC: Duke University, 2004): 760-764.

Constance Cortez. ‘Aztlán in Tejás: Chicano/a Art from the Third Coast,’ Cheech Marín, ed. Chicano
Visions: American Painters on the Verge (New York: Bulfinch, 2002): 33-42.

David Craven. Art and Revolution in Latin America, 2nd edition (New Haven: Yale University, 2006).

David Craven. “Marxism and Critical Art History,” Paul Smith and Carolyn White, eds. A Companion to
Art Theory (Oxford; Blackwell, 2002): 267-290.

David Craven. ‘C.L.R. James as Art Theorist,’ Kobena Mercer, ed. Cosmopolitan Modernisms (London:
Institute of International Visual Art, 2005).

Lincoln Cushing. ¡Revolución! (San Francisco: Chronicle, 2003).

Karen Mary Dávalos. Exhibiting Mestizaje: Mexican (American) Museums in the Diaspora (Albuquerque:
University of New Mexico, 2002).

Terry Eagleton. After Theory (New York: Basic, 2004).

Okwui Enwezor. ‘The Artist as Producer in Times of Crisis,’ Scott McQuire and Nikos Papastergiadis,
eds. Empires, Ruins + Networks: The Transcultural Agenda in Art (London: Rivers Oram, 2005): 11-51.

Equipo Editorial. ‘A Critical Perspective on the State of Chicano Art.’ Metamorfosis 1:1 (1980): 4.

Gabriel S. Estrada. ‘An Aztec Two-Spirited Cosmology: Re-sounding Nahuatl Masculinities, Elders,
Femininities, and Youth,’ Frontiers 24: 2 & 3 (2003): 10-14.

Lorenzo Komboa Ervin. Anarchism and the Black Revolution, 2nd edition (Philadelphia: Monkeywrench,
1993).

Frantz Fanon. Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove, 1963).

Sujatha Fernandes. Cuba Represent!: Cuban Arts, State Power, and the Making of New Revolutionary
Cultures (Durham, NC: Duke University, 2006).

‘Art + Anti-Colonialism’ | Fall 2008 | 9 of 13

Virgina M. Fields and Victor Zamudio-Taylor, eds. Road to Aztlán: Art from a Mythic Homeland
(Albuquerque: University of New Mexico, 2001).

Jack Forbes. Aztecas del Norte: The Chicanos of Aztlán (Greenwich, CT: Fawcett, 1973).

Paolo Friere. Pedagogy of the Oppressed (New York: Continuum, 2000).

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