INTERNATIONAL Iso STANDARD 2409 Secend edition 902-0815 Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test Pointures ot vernis — Essai de quadrillage Raferonce number so zane. t992i6)ISO 2409:1992(E) Foreword 180 ithe International Organization for Standardization) Is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work oF proparing International Standards ia normally carried out through |SO echnical commitiees. Each member body inierested in a subject for which a technical commitioe has heen established has the right lo ho represented on that commitiee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work, ISO coflaborates closely with tha International Electrotechnical Comission (IEC) on all mallers of elecirotechnicat standardization Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are Circulated 10 the member bodies for voling. Publication as an inte national Slandard requires approval by al least 75% of the member bodies casting a vote. u Intornational Standeré |SO 2409 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Sub-Commitlee SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes. ‘This second ecition cancels and replaces the tirst_ edition (180 2409:1979), which has bean technically revised. The main technical Chenges in this second edition are that, in the procedure, the spacing (of the cuts is prescribed, depending an the thickness of the coating and tho typo of substrate, and that for hard aubetrates application of ad hesive lape has been added Annex A forms an integral part of this International Standord. © 80 “a [A signs reserved. No part et thle publcaion may be reproduced oF wAlizod in any fore F bp any meana, elect-enle or mechanical insula Bhelocopying an Meret, without permission wring ton ihe publisher. Intemational O:ganizatio for Siansaratzaten Case Posts 85 8 Che 1211 Genie 20 © SwtveriandINTERNATIONAL STANDARD 180 2409:1992(E) Paints and varnishes — Cross-cut test 4 Scope 4.1 This Intemational Standard is one of a series of standards dealing with the sampling and testing ‘of paints, varnishes and related preducts. It specifies a lest method for assessing the resistance of paint coatings to separation from subslrates when rightangle lattice pattern is cut inte the coating, penetrating through to the substrate. The property measured by this ompirical fost procodure depends, ‘among otter factors, on the adhesion of tke coating to either the preceding coat or tho substrate. This procedure Is not to be regared, however, as a means of measuring adhesion Where a measurement of adhesion is required, al- tention is drawn to the method described in 180 4824:1978, Painte and varnishes ~ Pull-of tes! Jor adhesion NOTE 1 Although the test's primarily Intended for use in the laboratery, the testis also suitable for field testing 1.2 The method described may be applied either 35 a pass/fal test or, where circumstances ave ap- propate, se a cicetop ciaseficaton tos [o2e 43) Wien applied to a mullicoat system, assesement Of the resistance to separation of Inchiua! layers OF the coating trom each other may be made 1.3 ‘The test may be carried out on finished objects, and/or on spocially prepared tes! specimons, Although the method is applicable to paint on hara (steel) and soft (wood and plaster) substrates, these Uiflerent substrates need a different test procedure (see clause 7) The method is nol sullable for coatings of folal thickness greater than 250)m or for textured coatings. 1) To be published. (Revision of ISO 1513:1880) 2} To be published, (Revision of 180 1514:1084) Notes 2 Coatings with a total thickness of over 250 ym may be teoted by moane of a single cross-cut 3 The method, when applied to coatings designed to give 4 raigh patierned surlace, will give rosults which will Shaw too mush variation. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which through reference in this toxt, conslituts provisions of this Intemational Standard, At the time of publi- tation, the editions indicated wero valid. All stan. dards’ are subject 0 revision, and parties to agreements based on this Inlernalional Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap- plying the most recent editions of the standards in- Uieated below. Members of IEC and 180 maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. $80 1512:1991, Paints end varnishes ~ Sampling of products in liquid or paste form 180. 1813:—, Paints and varnishes ‘and preparation of samples for testing Examinetion 180.1814: Painte and varnishes e%8 fer testing, Standard pen. 180 2008; 1994, Paints and varnishes ~ Determination of film thickness. 180 9270:1984, Paints and varnishes and their raw materials — Temperatures and humidities for con- ditioning aret testing, IEC 454-2:1974, Specifications for pressure-sonsitive adhesive tapes for electrical purposes — Part 2 Methods of test180 2409:1992(E) 3. Required supplementary information For any particular application, the test_method spocifiod in this International Standaré needs to be completed by supplementary information. The tems ‘of supplementary information are given in annex & 4 Apparatus Ordinary laboratory apparatus, together with the following 4.4 Cutting tool, Its particularly important fo ensure thal the cutting tool has a defined shape and that the cutting edges are in good condition, AAA Suitable tools are listed below and shown in figures 1) and 1b): ©) single-blade cutting teo! with 20° to 20° edge and ‘other dimensions as specified in figure 14); 1) mull-blade culting tool with six cutting edges: spaced 1 mm or 2mm apart The single-biade culting tool Is the preferred teol in ail cases. ie. with ali kinds of coating on both hard ‘and soft substrates. The multi-blage cutting tool ie ‘no! suitable for thick (> 120 um) of hard coatings oF whore the coating is applied over soft substrates, 44.2 The tools specified In 4.1.1 are suitable for manual use and, although this is the more usual method of use, the tool may be mounted on a motor-driven apparatus which gives more uniform, cutting. The application of the latter procedure shall be subject 10 agreement between the interested parties 4.2. Guiding and spacing edges. In order to space the cuts correctly, a series of ‘guiding and spacing edges is necessary when using 2 single-blade cutting tool. A suitable apparatus is shown in figure 2 4B Soft brush, 4.4 Transparent proscure-sonsitive adhesive tapa, 25mm wide, with an adhesion strength of (10 + 1) N per 25 mm width when tested in accord- ance with IEC 454:2 45 Viewing I of x2 oF x3. hand-held, with a magnific 5 Sampling ‘Take a representative sample of the product to be tosted, ac oserbbed in ISO 1512. Examine and prepare each sample for (esting, as doscribed in ISO 1515 6 Test panels 61 Substrate Unless otherwise agreed, select the substrate from fone of those described in |SO 1514 The panels shall be plane and tree trom distartion ‘The dimensions shall he such as to allow the tost lo be carried out at three different positions being nol less than 5 mm from each other and from an edge of the panel Where panels consist of a relatively soll material such as wood, the minimum thickness shell be 40 nim, Where panels consist of a hard material, the minimum thickness shall be 0,25 mm, Notes 4 Rectangular panels, measuring approximately 450 mm » 100 mm, hava been found to be convenient '5 In eases where he panel is made of weod, the direc: tion and the structure of the grain may influence the test and a pronotnced grain vill render the evaluation im: possible. 6.2. Preparation and coating Unless otherwise agreed, prepare each test pane! in accordance with ISO 1514 and then coal it by the specified method with the product or system under test 6.3 Drying Dry (or stove) and ago (if applicable} oach coated lest panel for the specified time and under the specified conditions 6.4 Thickness of coating Determine the thickness, in micrometros, of the dried cozting oy one of the procedures specified in ISO 2808, Make the moasurament at, or as near as possible to, the positions at which the cross-cut Is to he made. The number of thickness determinations is dependent on the method used.7 Procedure 7A General TAA Test conditions and number of tests Carry out the test at a temperature of (23 4 2) °C and a relative humidily of (50 4 5) %, unless other wise agreed (see also ISO 3270) NOTES In field tests, the ambient conditions wil have ta be accapted, Carry out the test in at least threo dilferont placos (see 6.1) on the panel (see also 84). It the results do nel agree, the differences being more than one classification unit, repeat the lest at three more places, if necessary using different panels, and re- ord all the resutts 7.2. Conditioning of the test pancis Unies atherwise specified, condition the test panels immediately prior to the fest at a temperature of (23 £2) °C and a relative humidity of (50 + £) % for 2 minimum of 16 h. ’ 74.3 Number of cuts ‘The number of cuts in each direction of the lattice paltorn shall be six 7.1.4 Spacing of cuts, ‘The spacing of the cuts in each clrection shall be equal and shall depend on tho thicknose of tho coating and an tke type of substrate as follows: Om to 60 pe; mm spacing, for hard sub- strates; Oj to 60 jun; 2mm spacing, for soft sub- strates; 614m 10 120m 2mm spacing, for doth narct ‘and soft substrates; 424 wm to 250 jim: 3mm spacing, for both hard land sof substrates 7.2. Cutting and removing the coating using tho manual procedure 7.21 Place the test panel on a rigid, flat surface to prevent any deformation of the panel during the test 1.2.2. Perform the cull epecitiod procedure. nq manually following the Before the test, insnect the cutting edge of the blade 180 2409:1992(E) and maintain its condition by sharpening or re- placement, IF the panel is of wood or similar material, make the cuts al approximately 45° lo the direction of the grain 7.23 Hold the cutting tool (4.1) with the blade normal to the test panel surface, With uniform pressure on the culfing tool and using the appropri- ate spacing guide (42), make the agreed number of Cculs in the coating at a uniform cutting rate, All the cuts shail penetrate fo the substrate surface Ir iis not possible, due to the hardness of the coal- ing, to penetrate le the cubstrate, the tost shall be declared invalid and so reported. 7.2.4 Repeat this operation, making further parallel cuts of equal number, crossing the original cuts at 40° to tham so that a lattice pattern is formed 1.2.5 Brush the panel lightly with the cof brush (43) several times backwards and several times, forwerds along cach of the diagonals of the latlice paltern. 7.2.8 For hard substrates only, apply additionally adhesive tape (44). If beginning a new series of este, romove two complete laps from a roel of tho adhesive tape and discard. Remove en additional length at 2 steady rate and cut a piece approxi- mately 75 min long Place the centre of the tape over the lattice in a rection parallel 10 one set of cuts as shown in figure 9 and smooth the lape into place over the area af the fallice and for a cistance of al least 20 mm beyond with a finger. To eneure good contact with the coating, rub the tape firmly with a fingertip. The colour of the coating soon through tho tape is 2 useful indication of over~ all contac. Within 5 min of applying the tape, remove the tape by grasping the free end and pulling It off steadily in 0.5 5 to 1,0's al an angle which is as close as pes ible to 60° (see figure 3) 7.27 Retain the tape for reference purpeses, for example by attaching it to a sheet of transparent film, 7.3. Cutting the coating using a motor-driven tool If the culling tool is used with @ motor-driven apparatus, take care that the points described in the manual procedure are observed, particularly with respect to the number and spacing of the cuts and the number of tests.ISO 2409:1992(E) 8 Expression of results 8.1. Carry out the evaluation of the results as fol lowe: — soft subsiratas: immedictely following brushing; — hard substrates: immediately following removal of adhesive tape. 2 Carefully examine the cut area of the test coating in good lighling using normel or corrected Vision or, i agreed between the interested parties, using a viewing lons (48). During the viewing pro- cess, rotate the panel so [hat the viewing and light- ing of the test area are nol confined te ane direction, may be useful to examine the tape in a similar 8.3 Classify the test area according 10 table |, by comparison with the illustrations, NCTE? Adatuonal guidance Is given by the de- scriptions given in table 4 In table 4, a stx-step classification ts given. The first three steps are satisfactory for general purposes and are 10 be used when a pass/fail assessment 15 required. Special circumstances may arise, in which case the complete sicsiep classification will be necessary, 8.4 For a multi-coal system, report the interface at which any flaking occurs, 8.5 I test results differ, report each test result. In the case of 4 multiccoal system, report the site of separation (belwoen coals or batwaon coats ond substrates) © Test report The test renorl shall coniain at least the following information: 1) all details necossary ‘0 identify the product tested: b) a reference to this Intemational Standard (180 2409) ©) Ihe items of supplementary information referred to in annox A, in particular the ype of eulting tool used: J) a reterence to the international or national stan- dard, product specification or other document upplying the information referred to in c}: fo} the rosulls of the test, as indicated in clavee 4 any deviation from the test method specified 9) the date of the test.Iso 2409:1992(E) Table 1 — Classification of test results Doteripton “Appearance of srfece of crosscid area for ‘wnlen maxing has ecctrred (example tor si paralie! cts) “The mga of ovis ara cemplataly snacth ronal he squares of elation = detarted COstachment o small fakes ofthe coating atthe tersestons Slihe cule A orbea.cxt area not aignizanty greater than 3 i afacted ‘Te coating nas faked slong tne edges andjor at te rte Sneiens ete cus. A cosscut ares siziiearthy orealer fran 5 se, but rot sigrfsanty greater than 15 6. affects “The costing has Nabe clang tha edges of he cuts party oF “holly atge bors, angjor hae fakes pati or whey (sift parts oF tie Squares. & ress-cut area sig ‘arly greater than 15 %, but oe signeartly qrearet than 28%. is alleced, ‘The coating has Maked slong the eons ef he ous in terae finhone ancor tome sqsreg nave eelachad parly or Moy eensent ares signiieartiP greater than 36 %, but net slg Facanty greater tan 68 %, 1s aed ‘any Gearse ffaking that camnat even be classiied by (easstication 4180 2409;1992(E) imeasions in inetres veep: whore indicates ctharese A 20" 1930" ne A v Thickness of bode Ita432003 6) Single Bade cate tool, oe 8 (nen the cuttng edge 9.95 as worn 90:1 Is necessary torent) Seachaot ceitieg cages cutting Itisessentiel that eoges X_ these dps er the cutting e@ges lean Nhe fe rection or ut = sare demerer ) us t-otade curing tt Figure 1 — Suitable cutting toolsLanhnated mousing alate — rubber Ten spacing edge Mek Figure 2 — Series of spacing edges Iso 2409:1992(E)ISO 2409:1992(6) 1) Peston of tape nasiatety pron ore Figure 3 — Positioning of adhesive tapeIso 2409:1992(E) Annex A (normative) Required supplementary information The items of supplementary information listed in this. annex shall be supplied as appropriate to enable the method to be carried out The information required should preferably be agreed between the inlerested parties and may be derived, in part or totally, from an international or national standard or olhor document related fo the product under test. a) Material (including thickness) end surface prep: aration of the substrate. b) Method of application ct the test coating to the substrate, including duration and conditions of drying between coate in the case of a mulli-coat system. ’ ©) Duration and conditions of drying (or stoving) of the coat and conditions of ageing, if applicable, before testing 4) Duration of conditioning of the tosied samples, before starting the lest (in the event of other tests having been performed beforehand on the same test specimen} €) Thickness, in micrometres, ofthe dry coating and mathod of measuremeni in accordance with 180 2808, and whether it is a single coal or a mulli-coat system, |) Temperature and humidity for the test, if different from those specified in 7.1.1 (see 180 3270), 1g) The procedure to be carried out, Le. whethor it isa pass/fail or a classification test hh} Type of cutting tool used and the method of op eration (manual or motar-driven, i). Performance required of the material in terms of| the classification given in table 1180 2408:1992(E) uDC 687.51: Descriptors: penta, verrionea, coatings, fests, cut tests 10.41 rie base on 9 pages