qso/b4 - INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD _ 2768-1 Fest edition 1989-11-15 SS General tolerances — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications Tolérances générales — Parte 1 : Tolérances pour dimensions linésires at anguiaires non affeciées ce tolérances incividuelles Reference number | 1S0 2768-1 : 1989 ()ISG 2768-1 ; 1989 (E) Foreword ISO (the Intemational Organization for Standardization! is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Intemational Standards is normally carried out through SO technical commitees. Each member Docy interested in a subject for which a technical commimee has been che to be represented on thar committe. intematonal ganizations, gow, ‘ehtal and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in che work. ISO Slaborates closely with the Intemational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. raft international Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceatance as Intemational Standards by the [SO Council, They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. international Standard ISO Z768-1 was prepared by Technical Commitee !SO/TC 3, Limits and fis. ‘This first edition of ISO Z768-1, together with ISO 2768-2 : 1989, cancel and replace 1SO 7768: 1973. ISO 2768 consists of the following parts, under the general title Genera! tolerances: part: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual ‘vance indications — Part 2: Geometrical tolerances for feetures without individual tolerance indi cations ‘Annex A of this part of [SO 2768 is for information oniy. © 1so 199 ‘hl gnc cezerved. No art of this aubcasion may be reoroduced or uiized in any form or by any ‘meant. electronic of mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permision in “erng from the pubis. Intemational Organization for Standardization Case poste $8 « CH-I211 Geneve 20 « Switertand Prnted in SwicrerandIntroduction ‘All features on component pans always have 2 size and @ geomerrical shape. For ‘the deviation of size and for the deviations of the geometrical characteristics (form, Srentation and location) the function of the part requires limitations whicn, when ‘exceeded, impair this function. ‘The toierancing on the drawing shouid be complete to ensure tha the elements of size The georeuy ofa features ae contaled i.e. nothing shall be imoled or afta judge ‘ment in the workshop or in the inapeerion department. “The use of general tolerances for size and aeometry simolifies the task of ensuring that this prerequisite is met.ee INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 1S0 7768-1 : 1989 (E) lS General tolerances — Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications 1 Scope This part of |SO 2768 is intended to simality drawing ingica- ons and it specifies general tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without incividual tolerance indications in four tol- ‘erance classes. NOTE 1 — The concepts behind the general tlerancing of near and anguiat dimensions are cescribed in annex A It applies to the dimensions of parts that are aroduced by metal removal or parts that are formed from sheet metal. NOTES, 2 These-olerances may be suitable for use with materials oiner than mera. 2. Parle iemavional Stancards exist or are planned, 2.9. see 10 80620 for castings. ‘This part of ISO 2768 only applies for the following dimensions which do not have an individual tolerance indication : a) linear dimensions (e.g. extemal sizes, intemal sizes, step sizes, diameters, radi, distances, external radii and chamfer heights for broken edges): : I angular dimensions, including anguiar dimensions usually not indicated, e.g. right angles (90°), uniess ref- erence to ISO 2768-2 is made, or angies of uniform poly- gons: ) linear and angular dimensions produced by machining assembled parts. It does not apply for the following dimensions: a) linear and anguiar dimensions which are covered by reference to other stancards on general tolerances: b) ausillary dimensions indicated in brackets: theoretically exact dimensions indicated in rectangular frames. 1) (SO B02: 1984, Castings — System of dimensional tolerances, 2 General ‘When selecting the tolerance ciass, the respective customary workshop accuracy has to be taken into consideration. If smal- ler tolerances are required or larger Above cerain tolerance valves, there is usually no ">\wsunufaeturing economy by eniarging the tolerance. For ample, a feature having a 35 mm diameter could be manutac- tured to high level of conformance in 2 workshop with “customary medium accuracy”. Specitving @ tolerance of £1 mm would be of no benefit in this particular workshop, 28 the general tolerance vaiues of +0.3mm would be quite adequate. However. f, for functional reasons, a feature requires a smaller tolerance value than the “general tolerances”, then that feature ‘should have the smaller tolerance indicated incividually acis- ‘cent to the dimension defining its size or angle. This type of tolerance falls outside the scope of general tolerances. In cases where the function of a feature allows s tolerance equal to oF larger than the general tolerance values, these ‘should net be indicated adlacent to the dimension out should bbe stated on the drawing as described in clause 5. This type of tolerance allows full use of the concept of general tolerancing. ‘There wil be “exceptions 10 the rule” where the function of the fee allows a larger tolerance than the general tolerances, sd the larger tolerance will provide manufacturing economy. these special cases, the larger tolerance should be indicated individually adjacent to the dimension for the partcuiar feature, ‘2.g. the depth of blind holes driled at assembiy. A.3 Using general tolerances leads to the following acvan- tages: 1) drawings are easier to read and thus communication is made more effective to the user of the drawing; b). the design draughtsman saves time by avoiding de- tailed tolerance calculations as itis sufficient only to know that the function allows 2 tolerance greater than or equal to the general tolerance: €) the drawing readily indicates which feature can be pro- duced by normal process capability, which also assists ‘quality engineering by reducing inspection levels; 1d) those dimensions remaining, which have individually in- dicated tolerances, wil, for the most part, be those comtro!- ling features for which the function requires retatvely small tolerances and which therefore may require special fort in the production — this will be heioful for production pian- fing and will assist quality control services in their analysis of inspection requirements; @) purchase and sub-contract supply engineers can negotiate orders more readiy since the “customery ‘workshop accuracy” is known before the contracts placed: is aiso avoids arguments on delivery between the buyer fd ta spel, snc in respect the daving i com re. ‘These advantages are fully obtained only when there is sufficient reliability that the general tolerances will not be exceaded, i.e. when the customary workshop accuracy of the particular workshop is equal to or finer than the general tolerances indicated in the drawing. ‘The workshop should, therefore — find out by measurements what its customary workshop accuracy is; = accept only those drawings having general tolerances: equal to oF greater than its customary workshop accuracy: — check by sampling that its customary workshop accu- racy does not deteriorate. Faiving on undefined “good workmanship" with all ts uncer- taintes and misundersanings is no longer necessary with the concest of general geometrical tolerances. The general geometrical tolerances define the required accuracy of “good workmanship". A.4 The tolerance the function allows is often greater than ‘the general tolerance. The function of the partis, therefore, not aiways impaired when the general tolerance is (occasionally! exceeded at any feature of the workpiece. Exceeding the general tolerance should lead to a rejection of the workpiece only if the function is impaired.