CELLULAR RESPIRATION

4 STAGES OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
1. Glycolysis - the splitting of sugar in the
cytoplasm.
Phases of Glycolysis
1. Energy Investment Phase – 2 ATP
molecules transfer to glucose molecule
forming a 6-carbon sugar Diphosphate
molecule. This molecule splits and the
energy harvesting process begins.
2. Energy Harvesting Phase – the two
3-carbon molecules are converted to
pyruvate and ATP is formed.
- 2 molecules of ATP, 2 molecules of
Pyruvate and 2 NADH are produced.
- when oxygen is present, the
pyruvate molecules and NADH enter the
mitochondria.
2. Pyruvate Oxidation - electrons are
transmitted to NAD producing NADH
forming CO2.
3. Citric Acid Cycle/Krebs Cycle – Acetyl-
CoA will bind with a starting compound
called oxaloacetate, and through a series
of enzymatic redox reactions, all carbons,
hydrogens and oxygen in pyruvate
ultimately end-up as CO2 and H20.
During the process, the following are
produced, 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP and
6 CO2 are produced for each glucose
molecule.

4. Electron Transport Chain - a series of a

membrane bound carries in the
mitochondria that passes electrons from
one to another.

The goal of the Cellular respiration is to

transfer the energy from the food that we
eat daily into ATP that our bodies can use.
This process starts with the eating of a
snack or meal and ends with capturing the
energy from the complete breakdown of the
nutrients into energy and CO2.

Glycolysis

Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain