REPORTING IN SCIENCE

ABOUT CELLULAR
RESPIRATION.
GROUP 7
So, What is Cellular Respiration?

Cellular respiration is the

process by which cells in
plants and animals break
down sugar and turn it into
energy, which is then used to
perform work at the cellular
level. The purpose of cellular
respiration is simple: it
provides cells with the energy
they need to function.
 All heterotrophic organisms including man, depend
directly or indirectly on plants and other
photosynthetic organisms for food. Why do we need
food? Organisms need food as the main source of
energy. All organisms need energy to perform
essential life processes.

The food must be digested to simple forms such as glucose,

amino acids, and triglycerides. These are then transported to the
cells. The immediate energy source of the cells is glucose. Glucose
inside the cell is broken down to release the stored energy. This
stored energy is harvested in the form of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP). ATP is a high-energy molecule needed by working cells.
Meanings:

ATP-Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy-carrying molecule known as "the energy

currency of life" or "the fuel of life," because it's the universal energy source for all living
cells.

NADH- stands for "nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)." It occurs
naturally in the body and plays a role in generating energy.

FADH2-The full form of FADH2 is flavin adenine dinucleotide. High energy electron carrier
used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle to the Electron Transport
Chain.
Glycolysis

In glycolysis, the 6-carbon sugar,

glucose, is broken down into two molecules of
a 3-carbon molecule called pyruvate. This
change is accompanied by a net gain of 2 ATP
molecules and 2 NADH molecules.
The first stage of cellular respiration,
called glycolysis , takes place in the
cytoplasm. In this step, enzymes split
a molecule of glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate, which releases
energy that is transferred to ATP.
 PYRUVATE IS TRANSPORTED INTO THE THE KREBS CYCLE OCCURS IN
MITOCHONDRIA AND LOSES CARBON DIOXIDE
TO FORM ACETYL-COA, A 2-CARBON
THE MITOCHONDRIAL
MATRIX AND GENERATES A
KREBS
MOLECULE. WHEN ACETYL-COA IS OXIDIZED
TO CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE KREBS CYCLE,
CHEMICAL ENERGY IS RELEASED AND
POOL OF CHEMICAL ENERGY
(ATP,NADH, AND FADH2) FROM CYCLE
THE OXIDATION OF
CAPTURED IN THE FORM OF NADH, FADH2,
AND ATP. PYRUVATE, THE END PRODUCT
OF GLYCOLYSIS.
 Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain allows the release of the large

amount of chemical energy stored in reduced NAD+
(NADH) and reduced FAD (FADH2). The energy released
is captured in the form of ATP (3 ATP per NADH and 2
ATP per FADH2).

The Electron transport chain (ETC) consists of a series of

molecules, mostly proteins, embedded in the inner
mitochondrial membrane. This phase of cellular
respiration produces the greatest number of chemical
energy in the form ATP.
•Summary: of the process of cellular respiration to electron transfer chain.

•Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and

oxygen into energy. It consists of three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs
cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle), and the electron
transport chain.

•Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose into two
molecules of pyruvate. This process generates a small amount of ATP and
NADH.

•The pyruvate molecules then enter the mitochondria, where the Krebs
cycle occurs. In the Krebs cycle, each pyruvate is further broken down,
releasing carbon dioxide and producing NADH and FADH2, which carry
high-energy electrons.
•The electron transport chain, located in the inner
mitochondrial membrane, is the final stage of
cellular respiration. NADH and FADH2 from
glycolysis and the Krebs cycle donate their
electrons to the chain. As the electrons move
through the chain, energy is released and used to
pump protons across the membrane. This creates
an electrochemical gradient, which drives ATP
synthesis through an enzyme called ATP synthase.

•In the end, the electrons combine with oxygen,

forming water. This final step allows the electron
transport chain to continue functioning. Overall,
cellular respiration produces a large amount of
ATP, which is the primary energy source for
cellular activities.
AND THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU!!!