Jordan University of Science and Technology

Engineering Training Report

Name: Ahmad Sufyan Alshloul Student

Student ID: 134650
Department: Nuclear Engineering

Training Institution:

Saudi Radiotherapy Center

Training Duration: From July 17 , 2022 to Sep 11, 2022

Date of report submission: Sep 11, 2022

 Table of Contents:
Subject Page

Declaration……………………………………………………………………... 1
Training summary……………………………………………………………… 2
Chapter 1: Institution profile and training outline……………………………… 2
Chapter 2: Practical Training 2

2.1 Tour around the center 2

2.2 Radiation Protection 3

2.3 CT-simulator (Computed Tomography Simulator) 5

2.4 Treatment planning system 8

2.5 Linear Accelerators 9

2.6 Accuboost and chemotherapy 10

2.7 Quality Assurance (QA) 11

Chapter 3: Impact of Engineering and learned skills in Training ……………… 12

Chapter 4: Conclusions ………………………………………………………… 13
Chapter 5: Recommendations ………………………………………………..… 13

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Table of Figures:
Fig. No Title Page

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TLD (Thermoluminescent dosimeter)
1

2 OLD 4

3 Apron 4
4 Gamma interaction with materials 5

5 Heading Rest 6

6 CT-Simulator 6

7 Active Breathing Coordinator (ABC). 7

8 patient poses 7

9 GTV PTV CTV Regions 8

10 Percent Depth Dose (PDD) 9

11 Linear Accelerator 10

12 AccuBoost device 11

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iii
 Declaration
This report was written by (Ahmad Sufyan Alshloul) a student in the (Nuclear Engineering) at Jordan University of
Science and Technology (J.U.S.T.). It has not been altered or corrected as a result of assessment and it may contain
errors and omissions. The views expressed in it together with any recommendations are those of the student(s).

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Training Summary:

The journal of training started on July 24 , 2022 to Sep 15, 2022, in Saudi
Radiotherapy Center as a trainer with a coordinator Roula Malkawi. The major
purpose of 40 days was based on how we can use radiation in the best way to
make a suitable therapy for cancer patients and knowing the steps to do that by
following a certain medical procedure. During this period, we have faced a lot of
patients with different cancer cases and handled them. A new nuclear field is
included in this training as we can’t imagine before! From the mechanism for exiting
the rays from the device, making the appropriate plan for the patient between the
therapists and doctors, talking about workflow between them, and moral support for
the patient until the dose reaches the patient’s body and making an interaction with
the cancer cells.

The Report

Chapter 1: Company Profile and training outline.

Saudi Radiotherapy Center

Saudi Radiotherapy Center is located in the north of Jordan and follows King
Abdullah Hospital Irbid |. It was constructed by Saudi support to provide a
suitable cancer treatment by using radiation. The center is equipped with the latest
technologies and modern equipment for cancer treatment, led by a trained and qualified
medical staff to carry out the treatment.

Chapter 2: Practical Training.

2.1 Tour around the center

During the period from 24-28/7/2022, we were taken on a tour by Mr. Hussam Jaradat and
Ms.Roula Malkwai around the center and knowing the general information about the training such
as some medical and engineering definitions, the carrier name of all employees inside the center,
and the cases that agree to treatment in.

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 The workflow of radiotherapy in the Saudi Radiotherapy Center is done as a
following:

1)CT-image(therapist) 2) External contour(physicist) 3) Internal contour

(Dr)

4) Start plan(physicist) 5) First approval (Dr) 6) Export(physicist)

7)Final approval (Dr) 8) Third check(physicist)

2.2 Radiation Protection

From 31/7-4/8/2022, Mr. Hussam gives us many lectures about:

1-Radiation classification: the differences between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, x-ray, and
gamma-ray.
2-The units’ measurements of exposure, absorbed dose, effective dose, and equivalent dose and
the differences between these.
3-Interaction radiation (Gamma) with matters: Photoelectric Compton scattering, and pair
production.
4-Attenuation and absorption: definition of half value layer and many examples.
5- The major principles of radiation protection: a) Justification b) Optimization (ALARA) c)
Limitation.
6- The basic methods used to protect ourselves from radiation: a) Distance b) exposure time c)
shielding, and take some practical examples.
7-The protection equipment that is used such as a dosemeter, apron, and appropriate apparel.
8- The allowed dose limits, according to many classifications.

Figure 1:TLD (Thermoluminescent dosimeter)

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Figure 2:OLD

Figure 3:Apron.

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 Figure 4:Gamma interaction with materials

2.3 CT-simulator (Computed Tomography Simulator)

(From 8-11/8/2022)
We began with Mr. Sahel introduction to radiation oncology, as a following:
1) Introduction to CT-simulator and the differences between it and CT-scanner.
2) The structures of the CT-simulator and the working principle.
3) The type of table’s patient used, and its features.
4) Patient poses.
5) Definition of Active Breathing Coordinator (ABC).
6) Achieving immobilization and stability for the patients by using some tools like a
headrest, arm rest…

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Figure 5:Heading Rest

Figure 6:CT-Simulator

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Figure 7: Active Breathing Coordinator (ABC).

Figure 8:patient poses

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2.4 Treatment planning system
(From14-25/8/2022)
In radiotherapy, radiation therapy planning (RTP) is the process through which a team is composed
of radiation oncologists, therapists, and physicians. There are some systems to make planning
such as 1) Monaco system 2) Mozaic system.
As a summary of this section:
1)Definition of Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) Clinical Target Volume (CTV) Planning Target Volume
(PTV) and the differences between them.
2) Make an external contour by using Monaco system for a brain case.
3) Organs at Risk (OAR)
4)Dose Prescription and Reporting
5) Diametric Data for Clinical Photon Beams
6) Depth-Dose Profiles
7) Percent Depth Dose (PDD)

Figure 9: GTV PTV CTV Regions

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 Figure 10 Percent Depth Dose (PDD)

Advantages of Dose-to-Water

 Most clinical experience has historically used dose-to-water.

 Treatment units are calibrated using water, providing a direct link between calibration and
calculation.
 Clinical QA is performed in phantoms that are water-like (e.g. acrylic, solid water)
 Even for tumor cells in bone, the cells may be chemically more similar to water than to bone.

2.5 Linear Accelerators

(From 28/8-1/9/2022)

We have visited the linear accelerator facility with Eng. Ahmad Qandeel and Mr. Youssef. A linear
accelerator also known as a linear particle accelerator has many applications such as they
generate X-rays and high-energy electrons for medicinal purposes in radiation therapy, serving as
particle injectors for higher-energy accelerators, and being used directly to achieve the highest
kinetic energy for light particles (electrons and positrons) for particle physics.

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 Figure 11:Linear Accelerator

2.6 Accuboost and Chemotherapy

(From 4-8/9/2022)

A new option when making an important decision, women with early-stage breast cancer
increasingly choose to treat cancer and save their breasts. Breast conservation therapy (BCT)
starts with the surgical removal of cancerous tissue in a procedure known as lumpectomy.
Lumpectomy is followed by daily sessions of radiation therapy to the whole breast for six weeks.

Whole breast irradiation (WBI) is widely accepted as the “gold standard” for breast radiotherapy
based on over three decades of experience. The BCT protocol also requires additional localized
radiation, known as the “boost” dose, aimed only at the tissue surrounding the tumor bed. The
combination of surgery and the completion of radiation therapy has been effective in preventing
cancer recurrence. Numerous studies show that women with early-stage disease have a clear
option to preserve the breast and fight off cancer.

The Benefits of AccuBoost

• Accurate targeting of the dose
• Non-invasive radiation delivery in a simple outpatient procedure
• Lower skin dose and skin complications
• Less toxicity and better cosmetic results
• Radiation is delivered parallel to the chest wall sparing unintentional exposure to the heart
and lungs
• Conformal radiation field matches the target size, shape, and location
• Uniform and homogeneous radiation field

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• Excellent reliability and reproducibility in patient positioning and process control
• Less exposure to healthy tissue allows for better cosmetic outcomes

Figure 12:AccuBoost device

Chemotherapy is used to treat many types of cancer. For some people, chemotherapy may be the 
only treatment you receive. But most of the time, you'll have chemotherapy with other cancer treat
ments. The types of treatment you need depend on the type of cancer you have, if it spreads and 
where, and if you have other health problems. to learn more about cancer treatment.

When used with other treatments, chemotherapy can

1) pre-operative tumor minimization or radiation therapy (called chemotherapy equivalent to

new cells)

2) Destruction of cancer cells that may remain after surgery or radiotherapy (called equivalent
chemotherapy)

3) Help others work better

4) Kill the cancer cells that have returned or spread to other parts of your body.

2.7 Quality Assurance (QA)

(From 11-15/9/2022)

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Use some techniques Periodically maybe monthly, yearly, or both to ensure devices working. The
QA in radiotherapy divide into sections: 1) Mechanical section 2) Diametric section.

The QA in radiotherapy includes:

1)calibration gantry
2)size field
3) collimator
4)lasers
5) equipment, immobilization devices
6) accessory equipment
7) treatment planning computer systems
8) treatment unit quality

We have learned the techniques that are used to make QA by applying them practically with Mr.
Emran and Ms.Roula .

Chapter 3: Impact of Engineering and learned skills on Training.

My training at Saudi Radiotherapy Center was so useful, A new nuclear field has been added to my
knowledge now, i can release the benefit of nuclear outside in military or energy fields!
Recognizing different cancer cases, and many therapeutic medical terms in addition to the use of
different techniques and systems, such as the Monaco system and others, a conscious
understanding of how to treat cancer cells using X-rays, emphasizing many of the information that
we had studied in theoretical courses such as nuclear materials science, Radiation and many
more. One of the most useful things that happened during my training period was to change my
view of dealing with different situations, especially in times of intellectual stress. Opening up
towards opening a new door to complete postgraduate studies in this field and trying to link it more
and more with nuclear science

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Chapter 4: Conclusions.
In conclusion, I am very grateful for my training in this center. Many practical skills were added to me on the
personal side, such as developing the skill of writing reports, using different simulation programs, and self-
development from the social side through dialogue sessions that were held after each lecture to ensure the
delivery of information In the right way, using new tools in Excel and developing some skills in it, increasing
awareness about the nuclear importance, not only on the military or civilian side, but also on the human side
by using different types of radiation to treat cancer patients and alleviating their pain, developing the skill of
correct and gentle scientific research Optimum reading for a research

Chapter 5: Recommendations.
Finally, as a recommendation from me, my training period was very useful on both the theoretical and
practical sides, as we witnessed great cooperation from the workers in various specialties in that center. In
particular, the engineer, Rola Al-Malkawi, for her attempt by all means to convey the information to us in a
correct and simplified manner.

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 ‫‪Company Evaluation Form by Student:‬‬

‫جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا األردنيــة‬

‫كليــة الھندســـة شعبــة‬
‫التدريــب الھندســي نموذج تقييم‬
‫الشركــة المدربــة‬

‫إســـم الطالب ‪ -:‬احمد سفيان احمد الشلول‬

‫المعدل‪3.45 :‬‬
‫القســــم ‪ -:‬الهندسة النووية‬
‫اســم الشركـة المدربــة ‪ -:‬المركز السعودي للعالج باالشعة‬
‫العنوان‪ :‬االردن – اربد‬

‫☐ميداني ‪ +‬مكتبي‬ ‫مكتبي‬ ‫نوع التدريـب ‪ ☐ -:‬ميداني‬

‫ھذا النموذج ألغراض تقييم الشركات وال يؤثر على تقييم تدريب الطالب‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫غير‬ ‫أوافق‬
‫موافق‬ ‫بشده‬
‫نھائيا ً‬
‫‪١‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫‪٣‬‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫لقد قمت باختيار الشركة بنفسي ولم تكن ضمن عروض التدريب‬
‫‪١‬‬
‫التي وفرتھا شعبة التدريب الھندسي‪.‬‬
‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫‪ ٢‬لقد كان مكان التدريب قريب من مكان السكن‬

‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫‪ ٣‬لقد وجدت كادر متخصص لمتابعة تدريبي في الشركة‬

‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫‪ ٤‬وجدت برنامج تدريبي محدد لي في الشركة‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬
‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫‪ ٥‬لقد وفرت الشركة المساعدة في التدريب عند الحاجة‪.‬‬

‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫‪ ٦‬لقد كان التدريب ذو عالقة بمجال دراستي األكاديمية‪.‬‬

‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫‪ ٧‬لقد ساھم التدريب في رفع كفاءتي ومھاراتي العملية‪.‬‬

‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫لقد ساھم التدريب في صقل شخصيتي ورفع كفاءتي في التعامل مع‬
‫‪٨‬‬
‫الموظفين‪.‬‬
‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫‪ ٩‬أنصح باالستمرار في تدريب الطلبة في كلية الھندسة‪.‬‬

‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫☐‬ ‫بشكل عام لقد كان التدريب الھندسي ناجحا ً وذو فائدة ملحوظة‬
‫‪١٠‬‬
‫في الشركة أو المؤسسة التي تدربت بھا‪.‬‬
‫* مالحظة‪ :‬يجب اعادة ھذا النموذج الى مشرف التدريب الھندسي‪.‬‬

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