Student’s Book GRAMMAR ZN Pte atestUnit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 Unit 10 | Unit 17 Unit 12 Unit 13 Unit 14 Unit 15 Contents Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The Verb “to be” - Have got - Can Present Simple - Present Continuous ...... en Adverbs of Frequency - Past Simple - Used fo - So - Neither/Nor Adjectives/Order of Adjecives/Comparisons - Expressing Certainty - Adjectives ~ Adverbs - Past Continous ...u1.0u Future Simple - Bo going to - Preseni Continous - Condtionals Type 1 - When/IF Some - Any/Much - Many/A Few - A litle/Pheases of Quanity - Giving Advi Conditioncls Type 0 - Time Words ... Present Peifec! Simple - Post Simple vs Present Perfect Simple - Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Simple - Past Continuous vs Past Perfeci Simple The Passive - Too + Enough nw. ee The Imperotive - Reflexive Pronouns - Might/Could - Must/Have to - Can/Be allowed to Could/Couldn' Conditionals Type 2 Describing Locotion - Relative Pronouns - Relative Adverbs - Some/Any/NO sennnvnermen The Infiniiye - The -ing form. Reported Speech - Reporied Stoiements - Say/Tell - Reported Questions Reported Instuctions/Commands - Exclamations - Question Tags liregiler Verbs Progiets Tests... ». 10 . 14 . 50 . 54 . 58 62 72 76Subject/Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “lo be" Have gol - Con - Present Simple - Present Continuous Personal Pronouns Subject personal Object personal pronouns pronouns ‘© We use subject personal pronouns before a a verb instead of the name of a person or a noun, Plural as subjects. iS She is sim Nau We use object personal pronouns after a verb ora preposition, as objects, Ho loves her. The verb “to be” Interrogative Negative Bee ceases catia lam tm An!? | am not Tm not he/shefitis | he/shevit's Is he/she/it? he/shefit is not he/she isn't | wolyourthey are |weiyouthey're | Are welyouthey? | welyoulthey are not | — weiyoulthey aren't Short answers Yes, | am./Yes, we are. No, I'm not./No, we aren't. Yes, they are. Are you from Tokyo? << No, they aren't. Are they Japanese? Yes, he/sheiit is, Is he/she trom Japan? < Nene chert isn't The verb “have got” Affirmative Interrogative Long form, Short form Long form Short form | Ihave (got) Ive (got) Have | (got)? | have not (got) haven't (got) | hefshefithas (got) | he/she/t’s (got) | Has he/she[t (got)? | he/she/t has not go!) | hejshe/thasn't go) ‘welyoulhey have (got)| welyouthey've (got) | Have wejyouthey (go)?| we/yourhey have rit (got) | we/youlthey haven't (got) | We use the verb have (got) to show that something belongs to somebody. I’ve got a computer He's got ¢ guitar. We also use the verb have (got) to describe people, animals or things. She's got blonde hair. My cat's got a very long tailSubject/ Object Personal Pronouns - The verb “Yo he" Have gol - Can - Present Simple - Present Continuous Ate Short answers Have youlthey got _~ Yes, Ilwe/they have. | Has he/she/it got Yes, he/she/it has. adog? No, Iiwe/they haven’t. | brown eyes? No, he/she/it hasn't. The verb “can” Interrogative Negative Long form ‘Short form |/can dance, Can | dance? cannot dance. can't dance, He/Shejit can dance. | Can he/she/it dance? _|He/She/It cannot dance. _| He/Shejit can't dance. WelYouThey can dance. |Can we/youlthey dance? |We/You'They cannot dance. | We/You/They can't dance. Use Short answers * We use can to show ability. She can swim, © We also use can for polite requests. Gan I come with you, please? Can youre etc». _<-Yes, liyoulhe ete ean. ‘speak Spanish? No, liyou/he etc can't. Present Simple. Affirmative Interrogative Negative Long form | Short form work Do | work? Ido not work don't work you work Do you work? ‘you do not work you don't work he works Does he work? he does not work ine doesn't work she works Does she work? she does not work she doesn't work itworks Does it work? it does not work it doesn't work wwe work Do we work? we do not work ‘we don't work you work Do you work? you do not work you don't work they work Do they work? they do not work they don't work Form ‘© We form the present simple with the subject (noun or personal pronoun) and the verb. Affirmative The third person singular takes -s or-es in the affirmative. I play - he plays, 1 g0 - he goes Negative We use subject + don't + base form of the verb in all persons except the third person singular. We use subject + doesn't + base form of the verb in the third person singular. don't play, he doesn’t play, we don't play Interrogative We use do + subject + base form of the verb in all persons except for the third person singular. We use does + subject + base form of the verb in the third person singular. Do you live in Brighion? Does he work with you?Ae Subject/Ohject Personal Pronouns - The vetb “to be"- Have gol - Com - Present Simple - Presen! Continuous ‘Spelling: Srd person singular, affirmative * Most verbs take -s in the third person singular. Isit- he sits Verbs ending in -85, -sh, -ch, -x or -o take -es Kiss - he Kisses, ! wish - he wishes, 1 go - he goes ‘Verbs ending in a consonant + y drop -y and take -ies, ify -he flies Verbs ending in a vowel + y take -s, | say he says We use the present simple for: daily routines, habits or repeated actions. We start work at 9 o'clock every moming, (dally routine) play football in my tree time. (habit) permanent states. He lives in Madrid. Pronuneiation 8 oF -es in the third person singular is pronounced: ‘© /s/with verbs ending in, /ki, /p/ or /t/ sounds. he sits © fal with verbs ending in /s/, i IW, /ds! or ia! sounds. he watches ‘ai with verbs encing in all other sounds. hhe runs Time expressions we use with the present simp every hour/day/week/month/summeriyear etc, Usually, always, every momingleveninglaftemnoon/ night, in the moming/eveningnight, at night, ete Present Continuous (Io be + verb -ing) Affirmative Interrogative imworking | Am | working? you're working Are you working? he's working is ne working? | she's working |s she working? | it's working [ist working? we're working Are we working? | we aren't working you're working | Ate you working? | you aren't working they're working | Are they working?| thoy aren't working 'm not working you aren't working he isn't working sho isn't working itisn't working Form ‘© We form the present continuous with the verb “fo be" and add -ing {o the base form of the main verb. Use We use the present continuous for: actions happening now, at the moment of specking. 1'm reading a magezine now. actions happening around the time of speaking. She’s studying forthe final exams. fixed arrangements in the near future. They're flying t0 Tokyo next week. Time expressions we use with the present continuous: | now, at the moment, these days, at present, tonight | etc Short answers Are you’ < Yes, lam/Yes, welthey are. they..? No, I'm not./No, we/they aren't Is he/she/ —~ Yes, he/she/it is. it..? No, he/she/it isn't. © In shor answers we use “Yes” or “No, the subject pronoun and the verb “to be” in tne correct form. We do not repeat the main verb with the -ing Present Continuous vs. Present Simple We use the present simple for dally routines or habits is cooking Mary goes to work by dinner at the moment. train. actions happening * permanent states. around the time of Mrs Morris works as a speaking secretary. She's studying hard these days. We use the present continuous for: '* actions happeningSubliect/Object Personal Pionauns - The verb “Yo be" Have go! - Con - Present! Simple - Present Continuous , Personal Pronouns 1 Replace the underlined words with the correct Subject or object personal pronouns, as in the example. Rachel likes Sarah She likes her. “ls Robert your brother?” “Do you like the Spice Girls?’ The cake is delicious. My mother makes biscuits for my brother and me. “Do Tom and Charles live in Brighton?” Joanne and Mary go to the beach every day. Susan is 16 years old, Tim doesn't know Roberta. My father and | like basketball The verb “to be” 2 Fill in the gaps with am’m/’m not, is/'s/isn't, are/‘re/aren't Seer assen i she a singer? Yes, she She a singer. Bes your dog dangerous? No, he He gentle. F sssesisnsen YOU from Sweden? 65, We voces We from Sweden 4 his father a painter? No, he .......... He an actor. 5 you a ver? 65, To ei 6 he your brother? NNO, Ne soeeessesse © HO ceesseeneeee MY COUSIN. 7 wuss YOU a teacher? No, | ara a policewoman. 8 soon they Sad? INO, they cescssssssts » TREY sssses serene HAPPY: The verb “have got 3. Write questions and answers, as in the example. 4 Emily car ‘A: Has Emily got a car? B: No, Emily hasn't got a car. She has got.a bicycle. ¥ bicycle 2 Carl * beard ¥ moustache 3 Samantha Xblueeyes / brown eyes 4 Jane and Tim x stereo viv 5 Joe Xwrinkles — ¥ freckles 6 You Xlong hair short hair 7 Lucy typewriter computer Present Simple The verb “can” 4. Make true sentences using can or can't, as in the example. 1. an elephant / play tennis An elephant can't play tennis. 2 alypist / type letters 3. awhale / read 4 an antst / paint pictures 5 asheop/tly 6 achet / cook delicious dishes 5 Write three true sentences about yourself, as in the example. can swim but | can't fly a plane. 6 Putthe verbs below in the correct box in the third, person singular. dive, teach, try, drink, type, fix, fly, write, stay, miss, fry, say, crash, cry 7 Use the prompts to make sentences, as in the example. 1 Mary /live / in / town / near Dublin. (Many lives in a town near Dublin, 2 John / not have got / brown eyes.te Subject/Cbject Personal Pronouns - The verb “Io be"’- Have got - Con - Present Simple - Present Continuous 3 Be/Bob / mechanic? 4 He / enjoy / reading / books /in his free time. 5 Be /there / many festivals /in your county 6 1/usually / not work /on Saturdays, © Fill in the correct present simple form of the verbs in brackets. This 1)... (be) Ingrid and she 2) sernrinennessee (BOM) from. SwedeN. SAE nese 3) (live) with her family in a flat in the city of Stockholm, In the winter, it 4). ween, (get) dark very early in) Sweden and it 5) sevens (SNOW) a lot. Most people there 6). (love) skiing and children 7) ‘(learn) to ski at a very young age. in the summer, they 8) .. (ride) bicycles and 9) .. .. (spend) most of the day outdoors. Sweden 10) (be) a beautiful country, Ingrid really 11) .. (enjoy) living there! Present Continuous © Use the pictures and the prompts to make sentences, as in the example. ‘swim / make a cake JA: Are they swimming? B: No, they aren't. They're making a cake. work in the garden / walk on ithe beach ‘wash the car / have a party listen to music / read a newspaper 10 Put the verbs below into the correct present. continuous form as in the example. mow, ride, have, not go, play, wash, not clean, water, stay, eat 1 Gary is mowing the lawn 2 Juan and Maria a sandwich, 31 my room. I. chess. 4 Kelly sevsne & HOTS, cain, .. to the party. | i, 6 ‘ : the flowers, 7 We .. the car. 8 They @ dinner party on Saturday, Present Continuous vs Present Simple 11 Look at the pictures and ask and answer questions, as in the example. Tom/doctor/ive in a flat/ treat patients __= make pizza_/ ‘A: What does Tom do? B:He’s a doctor. A. Where does he ive? B:He lives in a fat. A Is he treating patients right now? B:No, he's making a pizza.‘Subjecl/Cbject Persona! Pronouns - The vert “fo be”- Hove got - Can - Present Simple rotcunns lay a) What do you do now? b) What are you doing now? a) He's flying to Oslo tomorrow. ) He flies to Oslo tomorrow. a) We see some friends this evening. b) We are seeing some friends this evening. a) Farmers are working in the fields 'b) Farmers work in the fields. a) Give the gift to him b) Give the gift to he. 1a) What is the Chinese like? b) What are the Chinese like? a) Brian haven't got blue eyes. b) Brian hasn't got biue eyes. a) A vet can treats sick animals. b) A vet can treat sick anima. Choose the correct item. 42 Putthe verbs in brackets into the correct form of 1 Peter spending money, the present simple or present continuous. Abate B hating C hates \‘_ AeA 7 SZ SHE ee nenuimnnn lke cold weather Dear Molly, ‘A doesn't B don't C hasn't gt) eee (write) from the gorgeous | 3 How many students........... there in your class? island of Jamaical Jim and 12). afive-star hotel by the sea. Right now, 13) . (Git) on the balcony and | 4) ... (drink) a delicious fruit punch. Jim 5)... (walk) along the beach. He 6) (collect) shells and rocks to bring back home. (stay) in Ais Bare Chave 4 Tara's . a friendly smile, Abas B got Chave Ihave some water, please? The weather 7) (be) hot and sunny. We ee ea ©.Can 8) (epend) most of the day relaxing | “What... Detects and reading under the beautiful palm trees. Tonight, Rees noe Gras we 9) . (go) to a reggae festival and on Twesdlay WE 10) rae nn leave) for Barbados. | 7 VM varasusnuon my fiend this evening The Jamaican people 11) srenonn:cnn, (MAKE) YOU Assee B seeing C sees foal hapoy as they 12) .. (be) cheerful snaking. 143) (love) Where somucn | 8 Sarah and | from tay Paina iis (nrotwant) 10 Anaven't Bisn't C aren't leave! Sooyeiatent 9 This isa picture of and ye SE ee rt 19. Tick the correct sentence, asin the example. Se it te gee aero tna 4. a) Most people in Thailand lve in villages...w/ ; ies erc aes asic = ities celeron villages. 2. a) We're having a great time. : 42. secrasninses AN like eating spaghetti? b) We have a great time. Ado B Does Cis 9 teArlverhs of Frequency - Past Simple - Used to - So - Neither Not Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of frequency (always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, never) usually come before the main verb but after the auxiliary vert (do, does, etc) and the verb to be. Advetbs of flequency tell us how often something happens. I never work on Saturdays. She rarely takes the tain. He sometimes goes to the cinema. Do you often watch TV in the evening? Tom is usually lale for school. Past Simple: Fegular verbs fi | Negative ‘wertos you vores he worked shewories ivertos we worked | you worked | oy wore Did | work? Did you work? Did he work? Did she work? Did work? Did we work? Did you work? Did they work? Short answers cit work You dint work he oid work she dit wor itdidetwork | wedantwok | youdantwork | Prerseniwore | | Did Wyourne, etc | work...2 < Yes. Wouhe, ete di No, liyourne, etc didn't. © We form the affirmative of most regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb. Jwvork -I worked Other verbs have irregular affirmative forms, Ising - 1 sang (Gee Ist of iregular verbs at the back of the book) We form the interrogative of the past simple with did + subject pronoun + base form of the verb. Did he play football yesterday? Did he go swimming last week? We form the negative of the past simple with didn’t + base form of the ver’. I didn't play football yesterday. I didn't go swimming last week. We form positive short answers with did and negative short answers with didn’t ‘Did you get up early?” “Yes, | did.” “Did he watch TV?" “No, he didn't.” Spelling ‘© We add-d to verbs ending in -e Hive -Ifived © Verbs ending in a consonant + y drop the -y and add -ied. Vay I tried Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants double the last consonant and add -ed. stop -| stopped We use the past simple for: ‘actions which happened or finished at a defi time in the past. Lisa bought a house fast year. (When? Last year) actions which happened repeatedly in the past but don't happen anymore. In this case we can se adverbs of frequency (always, often, usually etc). He usually played football in his free time. (but ‘he doesn't play football anymore.) Time expressions we use with the past simple: yesterday, last night/week/year/month, ete, a month) ‘wo yearsithree years, etc ago, in 1984, etc. | Fleming discovered periilin in 1928. Used to is used fo talk about past habits or things that do not happen anymore. It has the same form in all persons, singular and plural and itis followed by infinitive Sarah used to drink a fot of coffee. (Sarah doesn't ‘rink 2 lot of coffee anymore.) We form questions and negations with the auxiliary vero did/did not (didn’t), the subject and the verb “use” without -d. Did Sarah use to drink a lot of cotfee? Sarah didn’t use to drink a lot of cofiee. To talk about past habits that do not happen any more we can use the past simple instead of “used to" with no difference in meaning, He used to live in a flat. ALSO: He lived in a fat.‘Aivetbs of frequency - Past Simple - Used 10 - So - Neither Mar 2s Agreeing - Disagreeing - So - Nelther/Nor We use 50 + auxiliary verb + subject personal pronoun or noun to agree with 2 positive sentence, A: Jim lives in Warsaw B: So do |. We use neither/nor + auxiliary verb + subject personal pronoun or noun to agree with a negative sentence, ‘A: Eve doesn't like going to the cinema. B: NeitheriNor does Ann. Aiverbs of Frequency 1 Use the adverbs of frequency from the key to write sentences, as in the example. Koy always often sometimes rarely never N ” * ° 1 Jim/play tennis/after school. (0) Jim never plays tennis after school. 2 Mary/meetiner friends/at a caté. (***) 3 libellate for school. (0) 4 They/make/their beds in the morning. (*) 5 He/go/to the cinema on Friday nights. (***) 6 |/brush/my teeth/before going to bed. (*™***) 7 Galalcookidinner/on Sundays. (*) 8 Ileave/for worklbeiore B o'clock (0) 2 White five true sentences about yourself or your family using adverbs of frequency. always watch TV in the evenings. ee on Saturdays. .. in the summer. after school. .. in the morning. ‘© We use subject personal pronoun + auxiliary verb to disagree with what someone says. ‘A: I never walk fo schoo B. Oh really? I do. A: often go swimming at weekends. B.I don't 3. Put the words into the correct order. 1 never/early/Paul/wakes up 2 we/go/on picnicsisometimes/in the summer 3. youlpractise/doithe voolin/every day’ 4 Bob/does/the dog/every night/take/for a walk? 5 rarely/read/comic books! 6 they/to the seashore/drive/ofteniduring the weekend Pasi Simple 4 Write the past simple of the verbs below in the correct box. welcome, try, go, have, watch, admire, make, live, be, tidy, enjoy, sit, close, take, study, snow, cry, receive, carry, send ied " J - Fianna cee irregular / 1Bm ‘Aeris of Frequency - Pas! Simple - Used 10 - $0 - Neither Nor 5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or present continuous. ‘A; Carlos 1) .. (fly) to Italy next week Bi Where 2) cnn (he usually/stay)? AS WHEN HE 8) onsernmnniannnnine (GO) there, He 4) - (always/stay) with his cousin B: Why 5) (he/go) there? TRS He @)irtn rcs (study) at University. B: 7) : (he/come) back to England? A: Yes, after he 8) .. (finish) his ‘exams nexi month. 6 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past simple. Ae (you/go) on holiday last summer? B: Yes, |... 1». (go) to Hungary. 2 A: Where .. (be) you last night? BI (meet) a friend for dinner. 31 seine (€alll) er house But there . (be) no answer. 4 Yesterday, Sue . (receive) a package in the post from Tom 5 A: What .. (you/do) when you (finish) school? BI sess (trae!) through Europe 6 Venn (SNA) an e-mail to Marie yesterday and she (write) back immediately. TR oe z -. (they/go) to the football game on Saturday? BE No, they... eo iton TV. (watch) 8A (youlfinish) the book | .» (give) you? B: Yes, I did 7 Read the following note and put the verbs Into the correct form of the present simple, present continuous or past simple. nae (be) sorry 12) (coneor) to your party yesterday. As you 3) semsissne (KMOW) 1 4) esses (GO) SKIING three days ago. It was fantastic But 15) nnn (catch) a terrible cold! | 6) “(stil Tie) in bed with a temperature! That's why 17) __(miss) your party. Julie 8) (tell) me it 9) : .. (be) great. Call me as soan as you can. Love, ‘Alison — er 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past simple. . (youlgo) last weekend? BE | sessmmncimnnnees (visit) my-grandparents ) on their farm, : (you/enjoy) yoursel? : What e : Well, on Saturday | swimming and on Sunday | ‘i (help) my grandfather milk the cows, a ) _B: Oh, yes! & B: A: Uncle Tom, how 5 .» (you/spend) your time WEN YOU ssn n 1 (be) young? B: First of all we... (not/have) a television so we (play)a lot of games ) A: Really! What else .. : (you/do)? B: Well, we. (listen) to the radio and sess (Fad) BOOKS. > Used 10 9 Ten years ago Jerry was a student. Now he isa lawyer. Use the prompts to ask and answer questions about Jerry, as in the example. THEN NOW © study hard | & work hard * live with his parents | * have his own house * take the bus to {drive to work in his university car © wear jeans and © wear suits pullovers | © shop at discount | * shop at expensive stores stores A: Did Jeny use to work hard? B: No, he didn’t. He used to study hard.Aden of Frequency - Pos! Simple - Used - So - Neither Nor os 10 Look at the prompts, then ask and answer questions, as in the example \ long hair x A: Did Sally use to have long hair? B: No, she didn’t $0- Netther/Nor {1 Make sentences using so or neither/nor, as in the examples. 1 A: I speak Italian. B: Soo. (I) 2 A: Sue never goes to school by bus. B: NeitheriNor does Jo. (Jo) 3A: She goes to the gym every day. Be fie os en 0) 4 & Tom can't drive a car. 8 4 (Fred) § A: | don't like horror films. 8 Di eae 0) 6 A: We watched a great show last night. Bia se se (we) 7 A: Thomas didr't buy a computer. BAe ni (Bob) 8 A: Paul lives in France. cc (Pierre) 9 A: Jane doesn’t know how to ski. (Sees Pe esc 0 10 A: Alex always does the shopping on Fridays. 8 (Tim) Ee Revision: Units 1-2 12 Underline the correct word(s) in bold. 1 Dad's fixing/fixes our car at the moment. 2 Norwegians really loving/love the outdoors. 3. Has/Have he got freckles? Noose 13 10 4 The Japanese is/are friendly and kind people. Does he know/knows Tom? Did/Do you do the washing-up last Tuesday? My mother used to wear/wore contact lenses. Choose the correct item. Excuse me, I'm .-« for Mrs Smith A looks B looking € look | ‘cooking an hour ago A finished B finish C finishing He to smoke but he doesn't anymore. Aused Buse Cuses sso COME t0 the park with you? AHave BDo © Can They «= flying to Copenhagen in two hours. Aare Ban Chave What you usually do in the evenings? A does Bao Care | always drive to work but yesterday | the bus A took Bake C takes He s-ssane Got Wo brothers and a sister. Ahaven't Bhave Chas is to go skiing but | don’t anymore. Ause B used Caid I rarely fish Aameating Beats Ceat Put the words into the correct order. Pete/to/drives/neverwork Tania/with/nightriends/usually/onja Saturday) goes out They/in class/talking/are/always She/to go/used/once a weekithe hairdesser's/to Mike/a beardiuse/to have/didn't 2Adjectives /Order of Adiectives/Compaisons - Exmressing Certainty - Will Adjectives Adjectives describe nouns. They have the same form in the singular and plural a red car - (two) red cars Adjectives go before nouns. a large box ‘They can also be used alone after the verb to be and after verbs such as look, smell, sound, fee, taste eto. ‘Mary Is tall. You look sad. it smelts horrible. There are two kinds of adjectives: opinion adjectives (e.g. beautiful, lovely, great, expensive, elc) which show what a person thinks of somebody or something, and fact adjectives (e.g. short, square, yellow, cotton, etc) which give us factual information about somebody or something (e.g, size, weight, colour, etc) Order of Adjectives Opinion adjectives go before fact adjectives, a beautiful silk scart When there are two or more fact adjectives in a sontence, they usually go in the following order: | Fact Adjectives {small big, short, jong, ete ‘heavy, light, ete ‘langular, round, rectangular, square, etc Gark/iight blue, yellow, pink, cream, red, purple, etc cotton, leather, sik, plastic, woollen, nylon, metal, gold, silver, velvet, wooden, canvas, china, ete * We do not usually have a long list of adjectives betore a single noun an expensive, red, leather suitcase adjective comparative ‘superlative ‘one - syllable adjectives | cheap cheaper the cheapest large larger the largest big bigger the biggest -y adjectives easy easier the easiest adjectives with two or | intelligent ‘more intelligent the most intelligent more syllables irregular adjectives good better the best bad worse the worst much many ite less the least far further/farther the furthest/the farthest. more the most‘Aiectives/Otcer of Adiectives/Comuatisons - Exptessing Certainly - With te Form One-syllable adjectives add -(e)r/-(e)st to form their comparative and superiative forms. lerge - larger (than) - the largest (offin), cheap - cheaper (than) - the cheapest (offi) One-syllable adjectives ending in one stressed ‘owe! between two consonants, double the last ‘consonant and add -er/-est big - bigger (then) - the biggest (otiin) Two-syllable adjectives ending in a consonant + +y, top -y and add -er/-iest. heavy - heavier (than) - the heaviest (ofl) Adjectives of two or more syllables take more/most careful - more careful (than) - the most careful (ofin) Irregular adjectives have their own individual comparative and superiative forms. Note * We often make comparisons using than. © We use the before the superlative form Use ‘© We use the comparative form to compare two people, things, places, etc, We usually use than with comparative adjectives. Sue's skirts longer than Mary’ Comparisons 1 Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjectives in brackets, as in the example. My house is bigger (big) than yours. Peter is not as (tall) as Sally. Los Angeles is (polluted) than Vancouver. That Was the ncn (bad) meal ve ever eaten. Our house is less. (modern) than yours. Geline Dion is very ... ove (famous). We use the superlative form to compare a ‘person, thing or place with the whole group they. belong to. We use the... offin with superlative adjectives, Pluto is the coldest planet in our solar system. We use (not) as + adjective + as to say that two people, things or places are/are not similar. Tom is as tall as Peter. We use less + adjective + than for two persons, things or places. The green jacket is less expensive than the yellow jacket Wo uso much + comparative form + than for two persons, things or places. This tie is much longer than that one. Expressing Certainty Must - Can't 7 8 9 10 "1 12 © We use must + infinitive without to to say that something is logically tue They look the same. They must be twins. We use can't + infinitive without to to say that something is logically untrue. This book can't be his. He doesn't like detective stores. Will (predictions) We use will + infinitive without to to make predictions based on what we believe or think. We usually use will with the verbs think, and. expect, and the adverb probably, etc. 1 think he will help me. They are as Browns The Danube is the (beautiful) river in Europe. This sleeping bag is (comfortable) than that one Mary's dress is (expensive) than Diana's. The red hat iS MUCH an (cheap) than the blue one Asia 5 the e.. in the world. . (rich) as the (large) continent 1ite Adjectives Oiler of Aijectives| Comparisons - Expressing Certainty - Will 5 Fill in the gaps with the adjective in brackets. ib 2 Complete the following sentences using an opposite adjective in comparative or superlative form, as in the example. 1 live nearer the school than you. No, you don't, You live further. (far) 2 The Porshe is faster than the Ferrari No, it's not. It's... (slow) 3 Malcolm is the tallest in the class. No, he isn't. He's - (short) 4 My exercises were worse than yours. No, they weren't. They WOT serscsn nnn (good) 5 He bought the cheapest computer on the market No, he didn't. He bought (expensive) 6 The weather today is hotter than yesterday No, it isn't. I's . a = (Cold) 7 Annis the strongest git | know. No, she ist. She'S cnn (weak) 3 Putthe adjectives in brackets into the correct form. Fill in than or the where necessary. 1 My brother is 2 These students are very 3 Thatis a seen MY Sister, (Short) - (clever) train Ive ever been on. (fast) 4 Apiano is much a guitar. (heavy) 5 Jake's is . restaurant in the city (good) 6 Leslie has got .. Casey. (many) 7 Picasso's paintings are very (expensive) 8 Living ina flatis living in a house. (cheap) wn Clothes 4 Read the following and answer the questions below. Jean has two sisters, Mandy and Susan, and two brothers, Pete and John. Mandy is sixteen. Susan is five years younger than Mandy but she is three years older than John. John is five years younger than Jean and he is six years younger than Pete. How old is Jean? (73) Is Pete the oldest in the family? Is Susan older than Jean? vs Who is the youngest in the family? Is Mandy older than Jean? .. ‘A; Jimand | decided to move to the country. B; Really! Why is that? ‘A; Living in the country is 1) than living in the city. The city is very 2)... (noisy) B: Yos, that's true. However, living in a small town isn'tas 3) so (interesting) as living in a big city. A’ Yes, you'te right. Living in the country may be 4) --« (boring) but at least life is muti 5) B: And it's also 6) .. eal suppose because there is no pollution. Do th kids want to move to the country? A: Actually, we are moving to the country for the children, Small towns are 7)... (safe) than large cit 6 Make comparisons using as... as or not a5 .. 25 as in the example. 1. Eating fruit and vegetables is healthier than eating choooiate. Eating chocolate Is not as healthy as eating and vegetables. 2 can vite quicker than you. You can't write as quickly as | can. 3. Dolphins are more intelligent than whales. Whales are... 4. Spain and Greece are both very hot in the summer Spain is .. i 5 Travelling by plane is faster than going by train. Going by train is 6 Playing basketball collecting stamps. Collecting stamps is 7 Josh's brother is cleverer than he is. Josh is than] more excitingAujectives Oicet oi Adjectives) Compawisons - Exoressing Cerlainty ~ Will ite Order of Adjectives Expressing Certainly 7 Put the adjectives in the correct order to describe 10 Look at the pictures and make sentences using must/can't, as in the example. the objects, as in the example. 1 2 Geontony — sBe/cation/ —_a(noathor ee Bigtowel —oxpanshafeao 1 they/onholiday/at 2 she /at work / on 5 schoo! holiday They can’t be on holiday. They must alwhite and ajheawy/sver/ _a/yellow/cute) be at schoo! goldenichina) _candlesticktall paste! litle ao beautitulroundy duck plate ets ae a long, light brown, wooden spoon 8 Write five true sentences about things you have in your room or items of clothing you wear as in the ‘example. Valways wear soft white leather training shoes. ® Read the following letter and put the adjectives 3 they / at calé /at @ thot outside cold into the correct order, work Dear Sir/Madam, | recently stayed for threo days at tel it "Som 28. | belive lt a(n) 1) eee (brown/expensive/leather/pur t pearias urs in my 0 shinyjlining) and there is a(q) 3) ree onsen (Metal/smealijfound Took an the top. There wasn't much money inside, bart contained a lot of 4) i eo (photos/old/precious). | am almost sure lieft it cn thes) -vomssnn (table/Square/wooden) or under the 6) -(small/lovely/ | sofa/green) in the corner. 5 they/in the county /in tf you find it, please return it to me as soon as 6 he//play tennis /type possible. the city Yours faithtully, mf James Stuart ersten: a aSite Atjecives/ Ort of Adjectives Compisons - Expressing Ceriny " 10 Fill in the gaps with must or can't. What's that noise? tt : That will be £6, please. It ssssnnnen bE 25, Lonly had a cup of coffee! Peter's coming hame tomorrow. He . be. He only left for Hong Kong this morning! Mum, there's someone at the door. Oh, it be Aunt Mary. She's going to help me make some bread. Gosh, I'm so tired. You .. “» be tired. You just woke up. Look at that man with the broken arm. . be the cat outside, > BPo>O> POror HG esctesite. .. 62 ina lot of pain. Mrs Samson always has beautiful roses in her garden. B: Yes, She nm ea Very Good gardener. A. The cake is ready. B It be! | only put it in the oven ten minutes ago. ‘A: Amy graduated trom university B: Oh, that’s wonderful. You bevery proud of her. Glen's driving his father’s oar. He .. be. He doesn't know how to drive. p> Will (predictions) 2 Look at the chart below and answer questions about each person’s future, as in the example. buy acottage by the sea fiction books have three daughters live in a flat in the city centre become a painter study Art 13 J will move to the count ‘won't wear glasses. ‘A: Will Mary live on a farm? B: No, she won't. She will live in a fat in the city care A: Will Pete be a mechanic? A: Will Anne write poetry? ‘A: Will Bob have two sons? A: Will Sue buy a house in the mountains? ‘A: Will Tom become a professional basketball player? A: Will Jane study medicine? What do you think will/won't happen to you five years’ time? Write sentences, as in t example. ide.ee. Revision: Units 1-3 4 1 2 10 i 12 13 14 15 15 ‘ljoctives/O1der of Adjeciives Comparisons - Expressing Certainly - Wil ae Correct the mistakes, as in the example. Tricia Haén't got biue eyes hasn't “Ilove going to the theatre.” “Soam|” At the moment, Jim rides his bicycle John gave she the aif. Julie is waking up at 7.00 every morning. is Mike goes to a party on Saturday night. Donna use to have long hai. Mr Smith work at the General Hospital. Is the Sears Tower one of the taller buildings in the world? Sam often eating Chinese food Her bioycle is most comfortable than, Tom's Did you watched the football game last night? Loften goes fishing on Sundays. Paul didn't used to work at a restaurant He leaves Tokyo next Monday. Choose the correct item. What time. you leave for school? A docs Bare C do The library got many interesting books. have Bhas € does We to the circus last Sunday. Awent Bago C gone A: Do you eat cereal for breakfast? B: No, | eat cereal for breakfast Asometimes —_B often C never Did SUC seer nenseen tO Wear Contact lenses? used Buse Cuses *He always drinks a cup of hot chocolate before going to bed.” $80 oa Susan.” Adic Badoes Cdo 10 " 412 413 14 15 16 7 18 19 20 24 22 Exouse me. I'm for Maine Street A look B looked C looking What colour hair she got? Ais Bhas C does This dress is than the other. Aworse Bbad C worst They will probably... at noon Aartived Bartiving arrive Ito ease B@ Cold outside. They're wearing their jackots. Acan't Bean must | think the Taj Mahal is one of the impressive monuments in the world Amore B most much Archie's has the apple pie in town. A best B better C good Where does Jenny mesma from? ‘Acomes Boome C coming Ken .. got very broad shoulders. Anas B does Cis sonunenes the Rialto use to be a cinema? Do B Does C Did RY occas im the gym every day. Bexercises —_C exercising Helen is ... her room at the moment. tidying Btiies C tidied Heather su going scuba diving in her free time. Aloving Bove Cloves ieee use to have a car when he was 18 years old. Adidn't Bdid C does Noxt year We... . travelling to the south of France, Ado Bare Cis Tom's cat died, He... DE Very Sad. Acan Bcant C mustAdjectives - Adverbs - Pust Continuous Adjectives - Adverts Adjectives describe nouns. We five in a small village Adjectives ending in -ing (@.¢. interesting, amazing, eto) are used to describe what somebody or something is lke. The film was boring. She is 2 very interesting person. Adjectives ending in -ed (e.g. amazed, surprised, puzzled, etc) are used to describe how somebody feels. The children were terrified when they heard the thunder. Adverbs describe verbs, other avers or adjectives. He works hard. He runs very fast. She is extremely polite. Adverbs usually go after verbs. They can also go before verbs (adverbs of frequency) She spoke softly. He always drives carefully. Form ‘Some adverbs have either a totaly diferent form fr the same form as the adjective. Study the © We usually form an adverb by adding -ly to the table, adjective. ee dangerous - dangerously Adjective Adverb When the adjective ends in -le we drop the -e a and add -y. gentle - gently When the adjective ends in a consonant + y we. drop the -y and add -ily. easy - easily When the adjective ends in -| we add -ly. iow wonder: wancerraly The following words end in -ly but they are adjectives: friendly, ively, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly. He's a friendly person. ‘good well fast fast hard hard early carly lato late Past Continuous Interrogative __ Negative Long form |_ short form | he/she/it was eating Was he/shelit eating? _|he/she/it was not eating _|he/she/it wasn't eating we/youtney were eating | Were welyourney eating? | welyouthey were not ening | welyouthey werent ening << ¥es; helsheflt, ete was. Yes, well, ete were No, he/she/it, ete wasn't. No, we/l, etc weren't.Form We form the past continuous with was/were (past simple of the verb to be) and the main ver with the -ing Iwas working. They were working. We form questions by putting was/were before the subject. We form negations by putting the word not after wasiwere. Was he working? They were not/weren't working. Use We use the past continuous: for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We do not know when the action slarted or finished. At five o'clock yesterday | was cooking dlnaner. for @ past action which was in progress when another action interrupted i. We use the past Adjectives - Adverbs 1 Tum the adjectives in brackets into adverbs to complete the dialogues. A: Why are you talking so (loud)? B: I'm talking to my friend in Australia. She can't hear me. A I hear you passed your exams. B: Yes. | worked very all year. What's the weather like outside? B: It's snowing (heavy) today. A; Make sure you drive .... (careful) today. B: Don't worry I'm always careful when the weather is bad. ‘A: What's that terrible noise? B: The trees are shaking . (violent) in the wind ‘A: Why don't you get up .. (early)? (hard) B: Because | go to bed very late at night. A; What's this nice smell? B It's (fresh) ground coffee. Aaetves -Areths- Pst Continuous Hit continuous for the action in progress (longer action) and the past simple for the action which lertupted it (shorter action) She was having breakfast when the phone rang. for two or more actions which were happening at the same time in the past (simultaneous actions). Tina was doing the washing-up while the children were playing in the garden. to give background information in a story The sun was shining brightly as Tom was driving his brand new car through the city centr. ‘Time expressions we use with the past continuous: while, when, as, ete. Note: when|whileas + past continuous (longer action) 10 " 12 13 14 15 When + past simple (shorter action) Underline the correct item. Today is @ pertect/pertectly day to go on a picnic. The little boy smiled sweet/sweetly at his mother. Marie always dresses smart/smartly for work. Michael got into his car and drove quick/quickly down the street, She was carrying a beautiful/beautifully bouquet of flowers on her wedding day. Final/Finally, he brushed his teeth and went to bed, Vanessa was wearing a pretty/prettily dress at Tom's party. Sam is a generous/generously man who often gives money to charities. Lisa had a terriblejterribly dream last night. She woke up screaming, Thanks so much for inviting us to the party. We had a greatigreatly time. They were talking quiet/quietly so | couldn't hear what they were saying. This is a very busy street so you should always cross it careful/carefully, Yoko is fluent/fluently in English. Harry is a very polite/politely young man with good manners. Was your history test easy/easily? athi. Aosives- Adres - Pasi Coninuous Fill in the gaps with the correct adjective or adverb from the list below, as in the example, expensive, politely, relieved, early, terrified, awlul, quietly, cheerfully, incredibly, young 1 “Why do | have to wake up so ae | every morning? 2 We were all very when the plane landed safely. 3 He sat at his desk and finished his homework. 4 Why did you buy such a(n) : rucksack? I told you to use mine. 5 He speaks Spanish well When Tracey saw her son walk towards the clif, she was .. he would fall *Can | use your telephone, please,” she asked ¢ Itrained The weather was ». for days. When my grandmother WAS sass she wanted to be an eee They clapped... ... when their team, won the match. Pas! Continuous n 4 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (past simple, past continuous), then choose the correct linking word to complete the sentences, as in the example. Pat Was reading... (read) a magazine when/while her son ..vas watching... (watch) TV. The children ae (play) in the park and/when it (start) to rain Ed leather jacket wheniwhile he... (pill) oil on it, 15. (wear) his new (hurt) my leg and/as 1 (run) down the street. .». (lean) the swimming pool (paint) the fence. Tom .. when/and Lily 1 2 3 When/White | «=: (Go) t0 Sally's house 1 i (find) nobody there Vietoria (cut) her finger as/and she (slice) the cheese This is a picture of the Smiths’ farm. Look at what they were doing at 5 o'clock yesterday afternoon, Then use the prompts to ask and answer questions, as in the example. pick tomatoes - feed the chickens - repair the tractor - water the plants - play with the dog Billjpick tomatoos? A: Was Bill picking tomatoes? B: No, he wasn't. He was repairing the tractor. Etaine/piay with the dog? & se EB crane te stad Sally & Bob)water the plants? ANE cicutsietwtenemet cgi : Bee eeiacs ante Jim/repair the tractor? A nines B: Annjfeed the chickens? x B: Underline the correct item. Mary was walking to work when/as she saw a car accident. Before/As Laura was running through the park, it started to rain heawly Nora was ironing atte dinner. Sue was having a bath as/when the doorbell rang, The fire alarm went off afterjvhen the employess were having a meeting, ile Jim was cooking7 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous. That morning Joanne Dies (wake up) very early. She 2). (dress) and 3) (leave) for work at 8:30 am. Asshe 4)... (drive) down Main Stet, she 5) (notice) something strange. No on 6) orn (stand) at the bus stop and there 7). (be) very few cats in the streets A few minutes later she 8) . (top) at the local newsagent’s to buy a newspaper. “Mrs Turner, what are you doing here so early on a Sunday morning?” 9) ... (ask) Mr Dion, *Sunday?” 10) uhh (repeat) Joanne. She 11) .. (stare) at Mr Diton and 12)... (Start) laughing. ln ——— 8 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past continuous. AD. heauily al day yesterday. 2 What... {youjdo) ai six o'clack yesterday morning? 8 RUDY nn (Slip) and. 4 (fall) as she ... (Cross) the street 4 My brother washing machine while | (water) the plants, 5 The children 2 (try) to make a sandcastle when it (start) to rain, 6 Fred (feed) the dog when suddenly he {hear) somebody calling his name. 7 He snes ne (108) iS Balance and (fall) to the ground while he (ride) his bicycle. (tell) you what... (happen) to me last Sunday? - (rain) (fix) the 9 When James ... . (open) his eyes he (See) his mother. 40 When Tom (come) home from work | .. on the phone. .. (talk) Aielvs Adverts - Pasi Continuous ite 9 Underline the correct form of the verb. ‘A What were you doing/did you do at the weekend? B: Well, we paintediwere painting the sitling-room ‘when the lights were going/went off! A; What was happening/happened? B: Jenny was slipping/slipped off the ladder and was breaking/broke hier lea! A: What did the children do/were the children doing at the time? B: Jules was playing/played with the dog and Claire was talking/talked on the phone. Then everything was going/went black! ae Revision: Units 1-4 10. Choose the correct item. 1 Please don't talk so .... I'm trying to study, A louder Bioudest —_C loudly 2 TIS BOOK on nnniune be hers. She doesn’t like Shakespeare. A cant B must can 3 Janet her hair at the moment. A washes B is washing C washed A Brad essere @ Motorcycle last year. ‘A bought B buy C buys 5 “I love going on picnics.” “So .. 2 Ram B does C do 6 This is the .. attractive house in our neighbourhood: Amore B much © most 7 James . put the broken glass into the rubbish bin, A more carefully B carefully careful 8 My father doesn't nuns. in a travel agency. A works B work C working 9 “she asailor?” “Yes, he ° Abe Bis Cisn't 10 Kathy's mother got long, black hair A has B have C haven't 41 She ... to be a nurse but now she's a doctor. uses B used Cuse 12 Linda won fitst prize. She ... be thrilled, Acan B must C can't BFulure Simple - Be going to - Present Continuous - Conditionals Type 1 - When) It Future Simple | Interrogative | Long form | Short form Will go? 1 will not G0) Will he/shelit go? he/she will not go Will we/youlthey G0? | we/youlthey will not go Form © for on-the-spot decisions or promises. A: Its cold in here. B: Il close the window. Your father will help you with your homework we use Will you ...2 0 ask someone to do something for us (request) Will you post this leer for me, please? Short answers won't go he/shelt won't go \we/youthey won't co Lait go he/sheit will go welyoulthey will go | welyoulthey/ll go © We form the future simple with will + the base form of the verb. She will visit us. They will have a party We form the interrogative by putting will before the subject pronoun. Will she visit us? Will they have a party? We form the negative by putting not after wil ‘She will not/won't visit us, They will notiwon't have a party. | Use Yes, I/you/he, etc will. No, lyaulne, etc won't, We use the future simple: ‘Time expressions we use with the future simpl ‘© for predictions based on what we believe or think. ‘tomorrow, th te , next week/month) Robots will do most of the work in the future. fern ofl lorena next yee dma yar, tonight, soon, in a week/month year, et. Affirmative Long form lam goingto | I'm going to ‘Am | going to | | |_Interrogative Negative Short form Long form. / Short form | Lam not going to Tm not goingto | travel travel He/She is not He/She isn't going to travel going to travel travel travel travel? HelShelitis He/Sheit’s Is he/she/it going iotravel, | going totravel. going to travel? WervourTney | WelYou/Theye Are welyoultney | We/You/Thay are not Wo/You/They aren't are goingtotravel going totravel, _gonngtotravel? going to travel going to travel Form, ‘* We form the affirmative with the verb to be (am, is, are) going to + the base form of the verb. | He is going to have a snack. We form the interrogative by putting the verb to be before the subject pronoun. Is he going to have a snack? Yes, | amiyou are/he is, etc. No, I'm not/you aren'tjhe isn't, etc. We use be going to: We form the negative by putting not efter the verb to be. He is notlisn’t going to have a snack. ‘* for plans and intentions we have for the near future. Susan is going to move house.Fuluie Simple - Be doing to - Present Continuous - Conditionals tyve | - When v9 © for predictions based on what we see or know. Look at him. Ho's going to jump out ofthe train. Future Simple - Be going to - Present Continuous Compare the examples. She'll sell her bioycle. (she may or may not sel it) He's going to study medicine next year. (intention) They're leaving for Cairo tomorrow. (ited, arrangement in the near future.) Conditionals ‘There are four types of conditionals. Each type consists of two parts: the if - clause (hypothesis), which begins with the word If, and the main clause, which shows the result of the hypothesis, if-clause main clause (hypothesis) (result) Ithe wakes up late, he will miss the bus. fulure Simple - Be going to 4 Flin the gaps with wit! and wont. 4 A: | want to go camping next weekend at Blue Bird Lake. Be WMO i ueennnsnnninennninen Give you there? ‘A: Tom's mother. B: Alright. But you sven be careful, you? 2 A: Ineed to go shopping. B: OK,I. 5 give you a lif. A: That would be great. It cnn take Me long, so afterwards we have time to go for lunch B: That sounds wonderful! 3A: Thare's something wrong with Rocky. B: Oh, poor thing, | . take him to the vet. Al go with you. He... bark if I'm not there, B: |hope he snmnsen ite the vet! 4 A: Ithink | .. have a barbeoue at the weekend. B: That's a good idea. WhO a... YOU invite? A: I don't KNOW Yet. ens you help me make a list? B: Of course. Type 1 Conditionals Type 1 conditionals express a real or very probable situation in the present or future. They are formed as follows: if + present simple > future simple Tom studies hard > he will pass the exem When - if © We use when in conditionals to show that we are sure that something will happen. 1'see you when I come to Paris. 'm certain (11 come to Paris.) We use if in concitionals to show that we are not sure whether something will or will nt happen. Ii see you if | come to Paris. (Perhaps I'l come to Paris, perhaps | won't) 2 Use the prompts and make sentences using will or be going to, as in the example. 1A; Look at the little boy! B: he/fall/swimming poo! He's going to fail into the swimming pool. 2 A It's cold in here. B: I/turn on/heat 3A: Mum, I'm hungry. B: I/make/youlsandwich 4A: What are Maggie's plans for the summer? B: she/travel/taly 5 A; Jimmy didn't study hard for his history exam B; he/not pass/it 6 A; havea headache. B: Vturn off/CD player 7 A; Dad, Idon't feel well B: MMakeiyouldoctor 8 A: Are you coming to Maria’s party? B: yessl/take/sJim/with me BSs fuluie Simple - Be going jo - Present Continuous - Conditionn's Tyne 1 - When 3 Nancy and John are going on different holidays, this summer. Look at the table and, in pairs, ask and answer questions using the prompts given, as in the example. Nancy | John 1 travel by car \ |“ travel by plane ¢ 2 bring swimming costume | 7 bring hiking boots yi 3 go with friends vfs go with his family 4 stay at a hotel v go camping SA: Is Nanoy going to travel by car? SB: No, she isn’t. She is going to travel by plane. SA: Is John going to travel by car? SB: Yes, he is. 4 Look at the pictures and use the verbs in the list to. ‘say what is going to happen, as in the example. have, play, cut, eat, wash, kick 1 Sara is going to have a baby. 3 Susie 1 the flute. 5 They 6 Bobby the cake, some biscuits, 5 Fill in the gaps with 1 or the correct torm of be going to, as in the example. 1A: The doctor won't be in tomorrow. B: II visit him today, then. 2 A It’s very cold in here Bz Really? | sre close the window. 3. A: Can | watch TV? B: No, we ne .. leave soon, 4 A; Lookat those dark clouds! B: Oh no! tt if rain again! 5 A: We forgot to call the repairman, B: That's okay. | call him tomorrow. 6 A: Whyis Mary excited? B: She ... .». 8pend the day at the sea. Future Simple - Be going to - Present Continuous 6 George and Irene have decided to leave the city. Look at the prompts and say what they Intend to do and what they have arranged to do, as in the ‘example. — © hire movers/March 12 They are hiring movers ‘ on March 12.Fulute Simple - Be going to - Presen! Continuous - Conditionals Type 1 When tt ite © move to the country/March 12 5 Conditionals Type 1 8 Match the prompts in column A to the ones in column B. Then, complete the dialogues below, asin the example. . fe eee ae Column & Column B awarmdaytomorrow a see a doctor {go to Paris b buya yacht finish yourhomework “¢ go to the beach don't feel well visit the Eiffel Tower e * geta puppy earn a lot of money watch TV anene ‘SA: What will you do if t's @ warm day tomorrow? SB: Ifit's a warm day tomorrow, I'll go to the beach. ‘© take their children to their new school/September 7 * have a house warming party 9 Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or future simple. 7 Put the verbs in brackets into the future simple or the present continuous. 1 The repairman .. .. (come) to fix the washing machine tomorrow. 2 A:/mcold BI (get) you an extra blanket, 3 oe (you/drive) me to the airport on Tuesday? 4 Rachel bs sveeeose (fly) to the Bahamas next week. 5 Myson soreness (De) five in August, GESHE ca (have) lunch with Doug this afternoon, _. (fepair) the boat . (go) fishing. (come) home, | come acai 7 : (youldo) the 3 When. (grow) up, | Washing-up please? (become) an astronaut 8 Rob and Molly... 4 Ifohe . (cally me... (celebrate) their wedding anniversary on n Sunday svstsmines lel) her the news. 9 When 5 ithe (not/cook) (the Greens/teave) for Lima? dinner, we .. v»» (order) a pizza. 40 People -- (live) in 6 When Barbara (open) the underwater cities in the future. door, We ... . (sing) Happy Birthday. a% future Simple - Be going 1 - Present Continuous - Conditionals Type | - When/I 7 You (burn) yourselt if you -» (not/be) careful 8 if Debbie (notffinish) late, SNE nse (do) the shopping. 9 When Ann (graduate), she .. (travel) abroad 101 (buy) you a magazine when | . (ome) home from work. 410 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. 1 A: Is Jack having dinner with us tonight? B: if he ... sone (OMe) home early he (have) dinner with us. 2 A: | don't think Tom is going on holiday this summer, B: if he .. . (save) some money, ieee (be/able) to go on holiday. 3. A: must leave for the airport. B: if you (not/leave) right away, you . (miss) your flight Monica should call Gary. if she (not/call) him, he .. (be) very upset. 5 A; Do you know where Fay's Restaurant is? B: Yes. If you comune (turn) left at the traffic lights, you . (See) iton your tight next to the chemist’s. : I want to go to the park If you today, | park tomorrow. (behave) yourself (take) you to the 11. Use the pictures and the prompts below to make ‘sentences about what each person will do if they win the lottery, as in the example, i ge Andrewhhave al VG es MichaeVdonate ) _‘estaurant money to charity [e] David/buy a castle Lauraltravel to Helen/open’ the Caribbean own toy shop, Vanessa/move to Beverly Hils If David wins the lottery, he will buy a castle. a b © d e t When - if 12 Fill in the gaps with if or when and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1 you get to the end of the street, you snes (B6€) 8 DANK, 2 he works hard, he (become) successful 3 don't study, | (notipass) the exam tomorrow. 4 . Amanda graduates, she (eta ooking for ajoo 5 (call) my doctor tomorrow, ee I don't feel well 6 snomsnenss get 0 the office, | (send) a fax Taio \.am 18, my father (buy) me a car. 8 - (tell) Karen to give you a .. she wakes up. 8 (novarrive) Con time they wil eave without him. 10 You .. (catch) a cold... you don't wear your coat, Revision:_Un 1-6 413. Correct the mistakes, as in the example. What's hé job? wher. What do you does in your free time? Next year we do travelling to Canada. A Lotten watch TV in the evenings. B: Nor do |. 5 |s Brussels really the good place for shoppers? 6 Itwas nine o'clock at night and Dennis studied. 7 Does John use to have a pet? 8 This must be the bad hotel in the world. Bonefuture Simple - Be going 10 9 What will she does if she fails her final exams? a 10 Tess aren't going to take driving lessons 41. | think the weather will to get colder soon. 42. Jane isn't watering the plants yesterday afternoon 43. I'm look forward to seeing you soon. 14 What was you doing at 10 o'clock last night? 45 She doesn't want to go out because itraining. 44 Match the questions to the answers. What is Ghris [a Yes, she has. doing right now? f_JHow much are |b No, she wasn't. ‘those trainers? BLJssHarodsinPatis? | 5 no he gant [EL ]00 they always have bacon and eggstorbreakfast? | Yes, they are. I )Did Jack use to have a pet? They're £70. Are the Smiths buying @ new car? No, they don't Has Sarah got pace ner He's studying Maths. Was Jane asleep when the phone rang? No, it isn't. 45 Choose the correct item. 1. Melanie is taller... Susan. Aof B than C from 2 Tom.. _ work for this company anymore. A doesn't Bisnt C dont 3 Janet .. to Scotland on Tuesday. A's tying B flies C are flying 4 Sam oftoM us sunne fide to the seaside. Ais taking B take C takes 5 A:Terry loves reading poetry Br... does Nancy. A Neither B Nor CSo 7 8 10 17 18 19 20 Presen! Continuous - Conditionals Tyne 1 - Whenitt Site Mary use to live in Ireland? A Does B Did Cis Chatlie IS ns snrsnne than Alex. A short B shorter C shortest Is Los Angeles one of the -un.uun« polluted cities in the world? A more B much © most | expect they ... Us around 9 o'clock. A will call B are calling C are going to call That... B@ Susie eating in the Mexican restaurant. She hates spicy food. A must B cant G can Carla was washing the car Tim was cutting the grass. Awhile Bhefore C until you going to the cinema on Saturday night? A will BAe CDo A: can't do this exercise B:Don’t worry, | you. A help Bhelping will holp If you don't wear your boots, your feet wet A got Bwillget _C getting Tilhelp you clean the house get home. Ait Bas C when Bill is younger than Harry. B: No, he isn't. HE'S seecsnee Aold B oldest C older He and fell as he was crossing the street. A slipping B slips C slipped Liza used to -- quite plump when she was B years old. Abe B been C was She doesn’t . much free time. Ahes B have C having The red sweatshirt is not as ....... as the blue one. A nice B nicest C nicer 43 Some - Any/Much-Many A Few A Lille) Phrases of Quantity - Giving Advice - Conditionals Type O - Time Wort Some - Any We use some in the affirmative with countable ‘nouns in the plural and uncountable nouns. want some strawberries and some ice cream. We also use some for offers or requests. Would you like some orange juice? (otter) Can | have some milk, please? (reques!) We use any in the negative and interrogative form with countable nouns in the plural and uncountable nouns. There isn't any sait left. Have you got any biscuits? Much - Many We use much and many in questions and negations. Much is followed by uncountable nouns and many is followed by plural countable nouns. 1s there much sugar in the bag? There isn’t much milk in the carton. Have you got many records? She hasn't got many friends Afew / Aitile We use a few (= not many, some) with plural countable nouns. We've got a few eggs. We use a little (= not much, some) with uncountable nouns, Tyrant alittle orange juice. Phrases of Quantity We use countable and uncountable nouns after phrases of quantity such as: a jar/bottle/piece/ loaficup/bariglass/kilofcarton/bow, ete. Some - Any / Much - Many / A Few - A Little Fill in the gaps with some or any. A: Would you like tomato sauce on your spaghetti? B: Yes, please. A: Are there .. .». apricots in the fridge? B: No, I'm afraid there aren't ee Giving Advice - Should / Shoulda’t We use should to say what the right/best thing todois. You should eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. (= Is a good idea) We use shouldn't to say what isn’t the right/best thing to do. You shouldn't eat junk food. (= Itisnt‘a good idea) Conditionals Type 0 Type 0 conditionals are used to express something which is always true. They are also used to talk about something which always happens as a result of something else. They are formed as follows: Hf clause main clause if + present simple present simple. | If the temperature falls below 0°C, water turns into ice, Intype 0 conditionals we can use when (= whenever) instead of it ItiWhen the sun shines, snow melts. Time Words We do not use the future simple after the time: words before, after, while, until, as soon as, ‘and when. We use the present simple instead. [M.wait for you until you finish (NOT: [If wait for you until yeertbtntsty When can be followed by future simple if it is. used as a question word. When will he arrive? (when = question word) I-can't tell you when it will be ready. (wien = question word) Please give me a call when you finish work (when = time word) : Can Ihave .. : Of course you can. We don't have ... sssesene DPIC Jule, il go to the supermarket and buy Would you like on milk in your tea? : No, thank you, There isn’t ice cream in the freezer. Are you sure? | thought we had .. Can | have isthe Here you go. w.. cake, please? De Oe OearaeSome - Any/Much-Many/A fe 2 Underline the correct word. 4 A: Have we got everything we need for the salad? B: Let me see. Well, there are 1) some/any tomatoes, but there isn't 2) any/many cheese. A: How 3) many/much feta cheese do you need? Bi Just 4) a little/a few. | need 5) some/a little lives, too. 1 A: How 6) much/many olives do you need? 8: Not7) any/many. Just 8) a few/a little 2 A: Are there 9) any/much green peppers left? 8: No.Wehaven't got 10) a little/any onions, either. 3 AA: Is there anything else you need? B: | almost forgot! We need 11) some/much bread 4 and 12) a few/a little olive oil A: Right! What's a salad without bread and olive ol? § 3 Join the sentences in column A with one from column B using A few" or “A lite”, as inthe © example. y How many sandwiches shall| make for the picnic? Afew. Can | have cheese and tomato? 8 | é ° J) @ Do you want any Gani have cheese | 10 sugar in your and tomato? coffee? = Then Til have to | b Would you like leave and catch | 5 mustard in your the bus, hamburger? ~ But none of them | 4 © How much money were my size have you got? - Can thave 2 d Can you stay a ketchup as well? bit longer? - Igo tothe shop 3 @ Did you find any and buy some dresses you liked? more a { Have we got any ~ I'm trying to lose milk left? weight. 5 g Are there any | - So let's not go apples. in the | anywhere very 6 fridge? expensive h How many But not enough to sandwiches shall | make a pie. 7 make for the picnic? ‘AliiNe/Phrases of Quintily - Giving Advice - Conditiancis Type 0 co < Tom is asking his friend about what food he needs to buy. Use much or many to write his answers, as in the examples. We've got some fish How much have we got? We haven't got many potatoes. How many do we need? We need some oranges. We've got some cheese. We need some mushrooms. We haven't got any sausages We've got some ketchup. We need some milk We haven't got much butter. We haven't got any eggs. Fill in the gaps below with much or many. HDR neers rice would you like? B: Half kilo, please. A; Were there People at the party? Oh, about twenty. A; There isn’t cat food left B: Okay, Il pick some up on my way home. ‘A; Have you got any candies? B: Not 2 I'm afraid. Just two. AS HOW does this dress cost, please? B: £12.00. A: Did you have toys when you were young? B: Oh, yes! Too . sv snntnneng CHUA A How eggs do you need for the cake? B: Not .. Just three. 3]Bite Some - Any/Much-Many/A Few - A Liltle/Phieses of Quantity - Giving Advice - Conditionots Type 0 - Time Words Phrases of Quantity 2 A: Do we need anything from the shops? B: Yes, we need a... of washing jctures with the words in the list, pow 6 Label the pictures e words in thelist, then 5 4. PMN oa Pogesace use the words to fill In the gaps below. pieeee No, we're going to have dinner soon. : I'm going to give Mrs Seers a few of home-made marmalade for the picnic, : Would you like a. . of wine with your dinner? : No, thank you ‘Oh, how wonderful. A strawberries. : Yes, and I have some ice cream to go with them : Vm tired. 1: Well, Wl MaKe YOU a MICE en sesnrnn hot chocolate before you go to bed. :: Could you put this of orange juice in the fridge, please? : Of course. Do we have enough flour for the cake? : No, | think we should get one more CEREAL ag Ses { 10 A: Don't forget to take a of water x! with you to the beach. B: Iwontt noe 8 Te *...) Giving Advice 2) bar, carton, slice, cup, bowl, glass, bottle, jar, bag, box a 2P ... Of fresh o Bro 2D > OF o > © 2OED 5 8 Make sentences using should/shouldn’t, as in 5 the example. Bossa c ‘Wear sunblock all over — E your body and face. Bring a beach umbrella D)thasene of soup/salad/strawberries or find a spot on the 2a of bread/cheese/cake beach where there is BA vnnnsonnen OF CoreaV/eggs/oiscuits shade. aa of chocolate/soap Wear a hat as well as| Ba of crispsifiour/sugar sunglasses. 6a of soda/wine/beer/orange juice Dor't stay out in the 7.8 vmnsves vee Of milk/cream/orange juice sun from 11:00 - 3:00 Ba cof water/lemonade/Goke When the sun is very 9a _.. of coffee/tea/hot chocolate strong. ; toa of mayonnaise/honey/jam Don't go swimming immediately after 7 Fill In the gaps with the correct word from the cating, list. 6 Don't swim far away from the shore, bar, carton, slices, cup, bowl, glass, bottle, jars, es bag, box You should wear sunblock all over your body and face: 1 A: How many like in your sandwich? B: Oh, just two, please .- of cheese would you 31 | a.Some - Any/Much-Many’A Few - A Lillle/Phvases of Quantity - Giving Advice - Conditionals tyne 0 ints Ais © Fill in the gaps with should or shouldn't. 1 You eat lots of fruit and vegetables. 2 We .. all drink at least four glasses of weter per day. 3 You talk with your mouth full, 4 “Ihave a test tomorrow.” “You .. at home and study." Slay 5 Peter... feat S0 much junk food. 6 People light fires in forests. 7 We .. keep our neighbourhoods clean. 8 You be quiet in a library. 9 Paul : drive carelessly. 10 “Tim isn't feeling well.” “He ssn G00 a doctor.” Conditionals Type 0 10 Match column A to column B. A B 1 When | walk past the bakery What colour do you she plays basketball get with her friends, Ii the temperature of water reaches 100°C, When Mary has some free time after work If you leave meat in the oven for a long time, When Tom has a headache, When it rains, it boils. he takes an aspirin people carry umbrellas. when you mix yellow and blue? \ always buy a chocolate croissant. it burns. ie Words 11 Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the future simple and underline the correct time word, as in the example. 1 A: Can we start painting the house? B. No. We ...// paint... (paint) it when/unti 1 buy» (Buy) Some paint. 2 Al (not/have) dinner as soon as/until you get home. B; Okay. |... (notibe) late. A: If Jeff calls before/while | (leave), let me know B: Altight. BOW cei (have) a big party after/while he . (graduate). B: That's a great icea! ‘A: You forgot to put petrol in the car again B: Oh, dear! | promise | it before/untit | tomorrow morning (do) .-«. (go) to work & : .-« (you/visit) us while/ when YOU 2 (be) in town? B: Of course | will Al .- (Water) the plants when/while I .. .. (finish) cooking. B: OK. A: |s your dog dangerous? B: No, it isn't. It only .. - (bark) when/before it... swe (68€) a stranger. 2 Tick the correct sentences, as in the example. a) There aren't any tomatoes in the fridge ) There aren't some tomatoes in the fridge. a) What does your brother looks like? b) What does your brother look like? a) Mary didn't used to live in Brighton. b) Mary didn’t use to live in Brighton. ) The yellow jumper is much cheaper than the red one. b) The yellow jumper is more cheaper than the red one a) | don’t think the dog will attacks them. ) | don’t think the dog will attack them, a) Ruby was holding a beautiful bouquet of roses. b) Ruby was holding a beautifully bouquet of roses. a) The kitchen tap was dripping all night long. b) The kitchen tap drips all night long. a) When did the accident happened? .. b) When did the accident happen? 3Present! Perfect Simple - Pusl Simple ys Present Perfect Simple - Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect 4) Regular Verb Affirmative Interrogative Negative Long form | Short form Long form ‘Short form Ihave worked — | I've worked | Heve | worked? I have not worked haven't worked younave worked | you've worked | Have you worked? | youhave not worked | you haven't worked | hehas worked | he's worked | Has he worked? he has not worked he hasn't worked she has worked | she's worked | Has she worked? | she has not worked sha hasn't worked | ‘thas worked it's worked Has it worked? thas not worked it hasn't worked | weave worked | we've worked | Have wo worked? | wehave not worked | we haven't worked youhave worked | you've worked | Have you worked? | youhave not worked | you haven't worked they have worked | they've worked | Have they worked? | they havenot worked | they haven't worked B) Irregular Verb Interrogative Negative Long form | Short form nave bought Have | bought? I have not bought | haven't bought you have bought | you've bought | Have you bought? | youhave not bought | you haven't bought hehas bought | he's bought | Has he bought? he has not boucht he hasn't bought she has bought | she's bought | Has she bought? | shehasnot bought | _ she hasn't bought Ithas bought — | its bought | Has it bought? it has not bought it hasn't bought ‘we have bought | we've bought | Have we bought? | we have not bought ‘we haven't bought ‘you nave bought | you've bought | Have you bought? | youhave not bought | you haven't bought | they have bought | they've bought | Have they bought? | they havenot bought | they haven't bought © We form the present perfect simple with the auxiliary verb have/has and the past participle. We form the past participle of regular verbs by adding -ed to the verb. play - played, work - worked. We form the past participle of imegular verbs differently. buy - bought, see - seen © We form questions by putting have/has before the subject. Has he bought 2 new car? We form negations by putting not between have/has and the past participle. He has not/hasn’t bought a new car. Use We use the present perfect simple: for actions which happened at an unstated time in the past. The exact time is not mentioned because the action is more important. Tom has broken his arm. {or actions which started in the past and are still continuing in the present. Kim has been a chef since 1985. for actions which have recently finished and their results are visible in the present. “Ihave painted the kitchen. Doesn't it ook nice?” to talk. about an experience. They have travelled through Europe. Time expressions used with the present perfect simple: | for, since, just, already, yet, lately, recently, so far, ever, etc, |Present Periect Simple - Pas! Simple vs Presen! Peiteci Sirnple - Present Perfect Continuous Ble We use for to express duration. have Known Sue for ten years. We use since to state a starting point. She hasn't been to New York since 1992. We use just and already in affirmative sentences. She's already booked a table for two. I've just bought a new dress. We use yet in questions and negations. Has Jim fixed the car yet? They haven't cooked dinner yet. Have gone (to) - Have been (to) There are two ways to form the present perfect of the ver go: have gone and have been, but there is a difference in meaning, Study the examples below: Thomas and Anne have gone to Lisbon, (They went to Lisbon some time ago and they are still there.) Ihave been to Lisbon. (/ have visited Lisbon and have come back. | am not there now.) Past Simple vs Present Perfect Simple ‘© We use the past simple for an action which happened at a stated time in the past or for an action which started and finished in the past. Fred graduated from university n 1997. Pauline went to the dentist tree days ago. We use the present perfect simple for an action which happened at an unstated time in the past or for {an action which started in the past and is stil continuing in the present, Garo! has joined the tennis club. He has been a teacher for twenty years. Present Perfect Continuous ‘Affirmative _Interrogative . Negative Long form |. Shor frm Long form Short form Thaveboen cong | Iwebeencong | Havel been dcing? | Thavenotbeen dog | Thavent Been daing youave been doing | you've boon doing | Have you'seen doing? | you have not been doing | you haven't teen doing ees beon doing | he's been doing | Has he been doing? | he has notibeen doing | he hesn't been doing shehasbsen doing | she'sbeending | Has she been doing? | shehas rotbeen doing | she hasn't been doing thas been doing | i'sbaen dong | Has itbeercolng? | thas not bean dong | ithasi’t bean doing we hava been doing | we've been doing | Have we been doing? | weave no: bean doing | ‘we havent been dong youlhave been doing | youve boen cong | Have you'been doing? | you nave nat been doing | you haven't teen doing they nave been doing | they've been doing | Have they been doing?) they have not been doing | they havent been doing Form '* We form the present perfect continuous with the auxiliary verb have/has, the past participle of the verb to be (been) and the main verb with the -ing. ! have been working. She has been sleeping ‘* We form questions by putting have/has before the subject. Have they been playing? ‘* We form negations by putting not between have/has and been. She has not/hasn't been reading. We use the present perfect continuous for: an action which started in the past and continues up to the present. ‘She has been typing letters for three hours. an action which has recently finished and its result is evident now. They are tired. They have been working for nine hours. Time Expressions used with the present perfect continuous: for, since, all morning/afternooniweek/day, eto.Shs Presen! Perlect Siniyle - Pas! Simple vs Present Pettect Simple - resent Peifect Continuous Presen! Perfec! Simple 36 1 rs aso Match Column A to Column B, as in the example. Column A Column B Tom hasn't spoken Have you ever been Sam has called me How long have you Thaven't seen my grandmother vason has already finished We are hungry because we haven't Molly is an excellent student and has never five times this morning, b since was 12 years old his homework. to Lee for three years. eaten dinner yet. lived in Chicago? failed an exam. to Singapore? ‘Make short exchanges us as in the example. the prompts below, The dog is barking. (you/take/for a walk) A: The dog is barking. Have you taken him for a walk? B: No, / haven't The food is burning. (you/tumn off/oven) Tho flowers are dry. (Anniwater/them) The kitchen floor is dirty. (Seotv/mopiit)_ ‘The baby is crying, (Caroliteed/her) Thare isn't any milk. (Tim and Chris/do/shopping) Mary is on the phone. (youttell her/good news) The fridge isn't working. (Samieall/repairman) Have gone to - Have been to 3 Fill in the gaps with havejhas been or have/has: gone. “Where are Mary and Steve?” aTNOY erences oan Gornwall for the weekend.” Tom and Ken to the football match, “Are you going to Vienna for your holiday?" INO, V semen already . to Vienna.” The Smiths ... to many European countries. Your sister to the theatre tonight Dad to the supermarket. ‘The fridge is full. Ihave heard that London is a pretty city but | never there. Marie to the shops. She should be home by 9:00. For - Since - Just - Yet - Already 4 whore ene Fill in the gaps with since or for, as in tho ‘exemple. fOF.. four years 6 ...Sunday morning we had lunch 7 mm three Weoks onehour 8 this afternoon ww Lleft school 9 five minutes v.two months 10 _..... she was a baby Fill in the gaps with since or for. I haven't been to the city Mary has been a nurse We have been happier to the country. ssone October, seven years ‘we moved Uhaven't S869 YOU wns ages! it has been extremely hot... more than five days. haven't been to this park Iwas @ child Underline the correct word, as in the example. Has Carl painted the kitchen justiyet? 2 Ihave been waiting for the bus since/for thirty minutes, Pete has already/since cleaned his room. We have yetijust finished eating our dinner. alePresent Petfec! Simple - Pas! Simple vetsus Presen! Periect Simple - Present Petfect Coninuous fs My parents have been living here since/for 1950, 8 What have these people been doing? Make Janet hasn't called me back yet/already. sentences using an appropriate verb in the Have they returned trom their trip yet/already? present perfect continuous, as in the example. She hasn't seen her cousin for/just two years. Mrs Topper has been working in the town library 1 Richard started studying since/yet 1971 for tomorrow's exam four 10 They have Justfor returned from their trip. hours ago. He is still 11 Ihave already/yet been to the post office. studying. 12 Vanessa has been sleeping just/for two hours. ‘Richard has been studying for four hours. Present Perfect Simple and Continuous fie 7 Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect 2 Sandra becan painting simple or present perfect continuous. the picture a month ago. She hasn't finished it yet. 1 A: Where's Peter? B: He (usteave) for work 2 A: Why are you tired? Be lei (play) football 3. A: Is Paul studying in his room? 3 Tom went to the airport B: Yes, he (study) since 4:00 at 8:00. It is now 10:00 and he is stil waiting 4K Howis Jim? forhis flight. B: don't know. |. -- (nol/speak) ent tohim since Monday. 5 A: Let's go out to eat tonight. B: How about tomorrow night? |... {already/cook) dinner. 6 A; 'm going to the cinema. a tne cuca ene B: Again! You outside to play with their (see) three films this week! friends an hour ago. They haven't come home yet, 7 A; Has Diana lost weight? B: Yes, she... a (exercise) for 6 months. 8 A: Does Tom work at MLT Limited? eee: a 5 The Moores set off for (work) at that company for ten years. Wee GisPat ou ie 8 A Do hin anc Any le in Spain? Au Cosendsthey, ore Stl B: Yes, they travelling, Alive) in Spain since 1987, 10. A: Have you finished the book that | lent you? B: No, | . (finish) it yet, 3]Ble Presen! Perfect Simple - Pasi Simple vs Present Pertect Simple - Present Pettect Continuous 8 6 Roger started playing the trumpet two hours ago. He is stil playing it, ‘Ask and answer questions using the prompts given, as in the example. Usa /live /in this house / ten years A: How fong has Lisa been living in this house? B: She has been living in this house for ten years. Frank / work / as a chet / two months Julie / make / her own clothes / four years. You / read / that book / since Monday, Andrew / sleep / three hours. Helen and Gatla/ cook /for the party / since 10 am, Sue / decorate / the living room / two hours. Bob / fix dishwasher / since this morning. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present perfect continuous. Tania és for her piano rectal all week. (practise) English lessons {or four years? (Jimmy/take) How long children’s books? (Jenny/write) We »- flowers all afternoon. (plant) Pam . since she was 17 years old. (drive) wv all weekend? (Peter and Paul/watch) .. for two days. (rain) since 9:00 renee this moming. (shop) 11 Look at the pictures and use the prompts to make exchanges, as in the example. 1 Harold/proud 2 Grace/happy catch his first fish 3. Nancy/tired 4 Frank & Lisa excited/ By ~ < shop all day 5. Flora/smiling book tickets for Hawa / 6 Andy/in pain win the lottery breakhisleg — « 1A: Why is Harold proud? B: Harold is proud because he has caught his first fish. » ° o 5 De>DeDearay Past Simple vs Present Perfee! Simple 12 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect simple. ae B: Yes, we month in Paris two years ago (you/everibe) to Paris? (spend) a graduate from universityPresent Peitecl Simple - Past Simple versus Present Pertect Sinple - Presen’ Periect Continuous Hes {you/see) Janice at the party? No, | (see) her for weeks. Poe is grandparents in aly’ - (go) to Italy (Fred/visit) Yes, he last summer to see them. aA sso (Bat) at Martin's Steak House last night —the food was delicious. B: That's my favourite restaurant. | (eat) there many times. 2 PAG ore (Mum/speak) to Jim? B: Yes, she (call) him this morning. 6A = eee cal B: No, he . (not/save up) enough money yet. TA: . (you/buy) a Gress for the wedding yet? BNO, | ssn (notifind) anything that I really like, BA . (Sara/come) home from work yet? B: No, she: (call) and .. (Gay) that she's going to come home late tonight. 48. Putthe verbs in brackets into the present perfect simple, present perfect continuous or the past simple. | Ann Baker 1) (graduate) from law school in | 1962 but she 2) (never/work) as a lawyer. She 3) (decide) to become a science fiction writer .. (find) stories because she always 4) .. ( bout other planets fascinating. Ann 6) i (write) books for more than fifteen { years and $0 far she 6). (publish) ‘leven books. She 7) icsene) ‘many awards and one of her books 8). (become) a best seller in 1975. For the last six months Ann 9) (work) on her latest ¢ [novel which is abouta young couple wo ravelto Pluto.) Mea 14 Choose the correct item. 1. Do you know .. Canadian people? A some Balittle many 10 "1 they going shopping this afternoon? Rae Bis cAm “Karen doesn’t like watching TV.” “Neither Bil.” Ado B does. Cis ae puzzle is much than the last one A casy Beasiest —_C easier Patty .... ... the dog when it started to rain. A was walking B walked C walks It Angie finishes early she ge to the party. Ais B will Che Would you like ..... carrot juice? Aatew Bisome CG much Has John finished cooking dinner .. Aust B since C yet Have you to the new funfair? A been Buisited — C gone \ _-- work late yesterday. Ado B didn't C does What time do you work? A leave B leaving C leaves She did ..onsn0m, 1 go swimming, A use B used Cusing This scarf is not as as that one, A cheaper B cheapest C cheap ‘Sarah will probably us solve the problem, A helped B helps. C help. At8 am last Friday | .. cutting the grass. A were B was Cad Correct the mistakes, as in the example. Susan lav eating fresh bread. loves. “Do you like he?” "Yes, | do.” “Did you saw Uncle Bob at the park? She used to worked in a fast food restaurant. ‘Aunt Dora will does the cooking When my dog sees a cat, it barked. I've just broke my arm, Let's go before it will get dark: 39Pas! Perfec! Simple - Pas! Continuous vs Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple Negative | Long form Short form Affirmative Long form ‘Short form | I had bought fd bought Hadi bought? |_| had not bought nadntbought | youhad bought | you'd bought | Hadyou bought? | you had not bought youhadn't bought | hehad bought | he'd bought | Had he tought? he had not bought he hadn't bought | she had bought | she'd bought | Had she bought? | she had rot bought she hadn't bought ithad bought | itd bought | Had it bought? it had not bought ‘thadn't bought | wehad bought | we'd bought | Had we bought? we hed riot bought we hadn't bought you had bought | you'd bought | Had you bought? | you had not bought you hadn't bought they had bought | theyd bought | Had they bought? | they had not bought they hadn't bought Short answers Yes, |/he/she it had. No, Vhe/she/it hadn't. Yes, we/they had. No, we/they hadn't, Had you/he/she/it bought ...? < | Had we/they bought..2 << Form ‘© We form the past perfect simple with had and the past participle of the main verb. had cleaned my room. © We form questions by putting had before the subject. Had he arrived?, Had they bought a car? * We form negations by putting not after had. He had not/hadn’t watered the plants. They had not/hadn't won a prize We use the past perfect simple: for an action which happened in the past before another past action. The action which happened earlier in the past is in the past perfect simple, and the action which happened later is in the past simple. as the past equivalent of the present perfect simple, That is, we use the past perfect simple for an action wich started and finisied in the past, but we use the present perfect simple for an action which started inthe past and finished in the present. Greg wasn't at home. He had gone out. (Greg was out then.) Greg isn't at home. He has gone out. (Greg 's out now.) Time expressions used with the past perfect simple: already, by he tme, never, as soon as, just, after, when, belore etc. | Past Continuous vs Past Perfect Simple We use the past continuous for a past action which was in progress when it was interrupted by another action. He was watching TV when the phone rang. We uso the past perfect simple for a past action viicn happened before another past action They had booked a room before they went on holiday.Past Perfect Simple 1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past perfect. 4 When we returned, we found that somebody : ~ (broke into) our fiat. 2a (not/finish) cooking dinner when my parents came to visit. Jim went out for coffee ater he .. (write) a leer to his grandmother. They loft the cinema after the fim ... ‘She was excited because she (not/see) a play before. Did you like the cake “ (she/bake)? He .. CO) the song on the radio before he t fais co ‘They were tired because they .. oe ~ (play) football She was sad DECAUSE SHE nsec enosnsen nes svsmsnmssnese (108) the ame. The match (already/start) when they arrived at the stadium. Look at the things Michael had/hadn't done by the time he was seven. Put a tick (/) next to the things you had done and an (X) next to the things you hadn't done. Then make sentences. about you and Michael, as in the example. (__Michaet started school travelled by train ii leamed how to read v seen alot of films: x By the time Michael was 7 he had started school. By the time | was 7 | Pst Pact Single - Pasi Comings vs Past Pfc Simple Sn Join the sentences using the words in brackets and putting the verbs into the correct tense, as in the example. They watched TV. They finished their homework. (after) They watched TV alter they had finished their homework... Jeff was 12 years old. He leamed to speak English. (by the time) Tim lived in London. He moved to Paris. (before) Mum cooked dinner. | came home from school. (by the time) She went to work. She had breakfast. (as soon as) Susan tried on many dresses. She decided to buy the green one. (after) Jason failed his driving test three times. He finally got his licence. (before) Wendy ‘finished the washing-up. She played chess. (after) Complete the sentences using a verb from the list below. bake, snow, win, walk, rain, watch, forget, not sleep, not clean, borrow The kitchen smelt delicious. Mum. had just baked... a cake. The streets were wet. It Karen was locked out of her house. She to take her keys. My sister was angry with me. 1 : her dress without asking that morning. Gary's shoes were dirty He through mud The house was a mess. He . itfor over a month, ‘The streets were covered with snow. It. .. heavily the night before. Tom was exhausted. He .. well Helen was very frightened. She .. a horror film, Alan bought a large house and an expensive car He the lottery. 41Bt Pas Peet Sinple- Ps] Conimunis vs Past Pele! Simale 5 Fay’s mother had to.go away for a week. Look at the table below and ask and answer questions about what Fay had/hadn't done by the time her mother returned home. water the plants v feed the dog pay the electricity bill visit her grandparents clean her room do the ironing go to the greengrocer's x Had Fay watered the plants?. Yes, she had. AB B: A Big ey Bi A (2h Aw B: BK B & B .. 0 Pas! Simple - Past Continuous - Past Perfect Simple 6 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past continuous or past perfect simple. ‘A: What 1) (youldo) at the weekend? B: We 2) (go) to. seaside resort. We 3) .. . (Stay) ina lovely guest house and we 4) sie (have) a great time until someone 5) (steal) our motorcycle. A: Oh, my goodness! 6)... - they/eatch) the thie!? Be - (drive) away before the police 8) ... (arrive). A 19) ossnesenssnens (@F@Sh) my car last night. Eee niice 0) -. (you/manage) to do that? . (drive) down Ford (run) in 8: No, he 7) A: Well, 111). Street when a cat 12) front of my car. What 13) .. 114) .. (turn) too quickly and hita post. And the cat? Oh, it 15)... prin aa 2e >o . (already/climb) up A’ Guess who | 16)... (run into) this morning! Bob! B: Really? Where? AAT rent .. (drive) to the office when | 18) (see) him waiting for the bus, B: 19) (yourgive) hie a itt? A: Yes, | did. Match Column A to Column B to make correct sentences. Column A Column B the students had already lett the classicom. until he hac ‘completed his project. jwhen he reached the airport when the guests arrived he called a taxi to take him to the stationPus! Peitec! Simmle - Pos! Continuous vs Pus! Periect Simple @ Put the verbs in brackets into the past perfect, past continuous or past simple, as in the example. Ho was making... (make) copies when the photocopier ...broke doym.... (break down) He (pay) the taxi driver as soon as they ~ (arrive), He (walk) ‘down the street when his mobile phone (ring). Mrs White... (make) an apple pie before her grandson... ms - (visit) her. She (water) the flowers when er Mother sess (come) home from work eee 9 Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the past perfect. 4 When | (come) home from work 1 sone nanee (realise) that I. (forget) to tum off the iron. Buil.. (want) to do some shopping but when | (get) into the car | (notice) that |. (not/put) petrol in the tank 3 Tom (go) for a walk after he (watch) the news 4 . (start) Working at the National Bank after | aes anaes 5 Tania ee .. (just/mop) the floor when her son aragte (spill) milk all over it, 10 Underline the correct word(s). | arrived/was arriving at the airport on time. ‘She was finishing/had finished her homework before she went to bed. He sweptiwas sweeping the veranda when the doorbell rang Jack had brushed/was brushing his teeth before the water was cut off. Sally ate/had eaten lunch before she went shopping. He was having/had coffee with some friends. wren he heard the news. He cut his finger as he was slit the bread, | was fixing the car when | heard/had heard someone calling for help. igihad sliced a Tick the correct sentence, as in the example. 2) They're moving to the country next month wv, b) They move to the country next mont, @) Adam used drive a motorcycle. b) Adam used to drive a motorcycle. @) He can’t be his father. He's only five years older than him. b) He can be his father. He's only five years older than him ) Eddie was making a sandwich when the phone was ringing, ) Eddie was making a sandwich when the phone rang, a) His watch is the most expensive of all His watch is the more expensive of al a) They have gone to Vienna twice. b) They have been to Vienna twice. a) | saw Maria when | go to Rome ') [will see Maria when | go to Rome. a) Would you like a little cereal for breakfast? 'b) Would you like a few cereal for breakfast? b)