Dat iming indh Sen 'dde vals patbern n a data)

hop
e cutpu olato Tela hor
A
hen
Um eni

ak is Yaroxsior p'roblom
nttd to
cassiy ta heo rlalaMicahon
cblam
ton medel
No qeneaug a

md tha athibute
oat is Data ? Collettioi ofdata okjet
hfpymation systom

au apec objetk th helatblef he

chuntesties

atibute eu is gven petm s n ble valuss

fr cah
omadn

Dnivmiate analyuis avnidod

nknd von oni o

L ay meadieng
Crdaing propexty
a thibute
gven

A ahvity pope
AHibutey fastor vauiablau.
Type o
Qu alitadt
Categoiu cal nthikutes
Nomin a un tengi al
N o m i n a l + o rd a n e d n e
Crd'nnd

nteval Attibute
Numeie
uantitatiw
Rahie n o y m a h o n

a monnng
in vaduu
T di{

Ca be ulatd *
 Aeibutes
fRopenie e
Didness

Drden

Difnes ae

meani

Rahies au
meag fd

Nominal ishnttn e
atkte

Ordinad
Aishintney & ordey
o th bute

'shintnew meanng d d4teera

nt evaXa Heil te
4popeahes opeation.
Raho aftribute

Coohinous Atribute
Discrete AHhribute

Payrmetie Aeiburte
toideud ohenu not
Ons
domas'n valus i
Dies imilaiy meaduoe impinchap
mawiurs

b Lks AB
Sanity sho udd
/A B

Fruat Pad Ordes a thibutu.

Chesuudenicths Data.

dimension br bie
b9 challenga
Dunenson sliy igh
Fey ooands
tonsicde-Impostant
onuides
pasemu )
Sppnsity ovly
collehion data
Resoluhon Sling
on he

'Sige 1y analysu dapend

Featent Selien Featre trorho

yp deta sels

Recevd Data mahrix, otument Dat a, ynod ton Dat

Craoph Leyld wide keb, Mde eJan Strutuns

Drdewd Spatial Data Temposal Data, asutn ha Oota
Dta
Cqe netie son,untu Oat.

Data Quality Gorbag TN avboge Out

Too data qaliy gahvol affestt Any dete preaa

e do data cloani
fake data
data qualiy oise ond outie, Loron a data,
Examples of valut), ete
Dupucate dato Hissin

Similarity Dissimilaty.

Hewt atibute.
Closeness okuoo objechy

caSS
deponable tron ofh elass
y o y objec f a

be
sid to lbe easily class irieble (ctustas tan

eY)

meLue

hoo
ali lce hob objeeeh ane
neew
unoias

a m ove like
ohen objet

allu in Ahe Kange (o, 1

often

n eos (Distana evaluahion)

Dissii lua i data
too objech
dtteun»t
meps
ho
N u m e v i o l

alike
hen objh
Lo
 Siil aityY
Dictimilaity
Al Aype
ItY
xy oty

ANomina

d x-y S= 1-d
idina
Valus mapped Ao

eges oton-i

S-d
rtegn or
S tdSzee

Raho d-higd
MOrd- rhad

Standard
L
min max nomau2atien .

Scales atributes
b o -1

Euttidean Dietan

numben
dimeasioms (atibff
n s Hu
Vectr cbpk.

Sales
difte
Standrkiga ton nete n , }
sRe
in to
Con res
o e nalipation

tonvnhng ko D-l 7omg

min m an normdhgahen
doins
 Ctenraliged Diston
form ofEutlidean Distanu MinKowe hi Distana

d(,)
K
whe is panamete
ni he num ben ol dimensio ng

H K atribute
Cathibukas) amd amd a ytpet hvely,
(mponan) data cbjech aud

, Cy blec k di'stanu (4 Worm

norm Eucid enn nor

Ye 0 Supremdm Lmax bmax nom

di'stamu is Cal ulated

Distoun L an 4norm, ohuu
lamin
bin n vecfors
betuoeur

A/Y
Y Y
( K)

Conve qe
max p Sp)
P

Mahahnobis Dictom
(-z"-))0.5

Mahala nobie btda

poinw ahe
die horhutod
babed
on he how
91ismous ured

Said
aa metie
me trie Lohen.
A sAam dard dictam te
dd ( o o
( 7
all and y Ad
d (,7) >o fo
d ( , ) : a[y,) en allad y (symnttr

) dt)tdtP,7)
(Ty iomgulas tnequalidy)

belwetn ces Can be taksn

pistnmu

SiaelA B) + Siae ( B-A) ohou

A B a

hwo

metrie

propea hes
nouwn
also havo Sone

Similathe,

( , ) 1. only t

CoePfiuent. fe binay Vextes

Simple Hatehing

SHC wum oen of matchesno othributa

zeijuent

JoDnD'
o hime
-heuu n e . o example
O0 ocewned,

www.beh )matths no non -3exo

athbuts

Used orhsymmtue ioblem

 Cesine Simi lanity dewment tlauiicalion
proble

d md d oo doument vechev then

Cet(d,d) <dd >nd, 1

elahien Ghip
bon phjeck.
Coelation meadwreu., he inens

Cova(P,) - Covarianu (R,T)

duiahoaf)
Stan dard deriahion (
) * standni

Pearson
Coeftruemt

Covotiana (9) Sxy

- 7)(g7)
n-

Standarddeviahon (y x
h-1

()Sy
K=i

mean mean X

mean
he

ratonshipu.

hind out lincas

lonelahon , coefiuont aCon

 Nutual nforma hon

to d imlami ty befwer non

The measw

ineanly a" corelaled athibutes.

V Euelidean Dstamt
Coyelahon Vs Cosine

wmdon Varubhe
ate to
neur hehaviouwr
Compaxing e 8measuNeN

a sma hon

Staling mulhplying by k
Tyamslatonadking constamR.

beth
not invastlent eet
Vaient
>Elidcan dlutamu

amd
ranmsla tio.
scaling
vauent
in vauent to Saling, b
Cosi dietanu

tromslahom.

invauent+ bo.
>Correlahon

Crreanem measwro &caling amd

bme Vie aelaious

onadion

dom ain
depen ds on Ae
Cho

Distamue
data
-

Euddeam
Pain Le (osine Dietanu
dwmen treguenud wvrd
Correlahie
tpmpra twe
ciey ot
wuasuLdh c o l s i u n d Keluin

Tupehely
M L t e p i c

Tnormatio Paded Measure

Tnfpomna tion aud tb blity

Enhpy Cvon evomnple Y a

ma' exasnple
Inprmaio Cqoin

menws x trom a
Hh Erepy
Aishorutio tquely proba ble

mea nd IS om a
Lo tntopy
(Peaks d valleys
Va'ed dichobu hon

e
Hx) -J
eopy
itormaton enttopY.
Condition a
2 pei kuos ledsbe
eoY wooI o hav iug
( predichins Y)
ot
Houo muth D
Muruad atormahen talk ab*
Cam

Y)
IxY)= H (x) + 4 Y) - HOY)

beK d e d to

Data Pepioes g9
hagrega thon atikte
more
ohei bu te oBo a single
Joup aYe a
Cormbni ke
wihat hat
wrlhathak

Grcup Ha dkjh, ouly

enpuha
Gyaaslar
dsoup r

sedueho sig of hta

0s
heu
nfom ehon log poesent
 Saig
to

entre of data indosus

7he
populalion

epvesentahue
o h
Samle had b

Simple RandomSampling

Pick ment
kas q waly poba ble oith rploto
Evemy valur Somnp bing
t Sonnpl oihad repaumai
Stabfied Saaplhing-
aath lass uded

phesevad
l e doing Samplin
b r e p r e p t a t i n e

hoont

iun dr au
Sevenal panhhevu,
Spit t data

fron 2ach panhhon.

Yamden
Sammples

S
oest s oy fSamfung
Cnampling

detenminn; Smnfpi

20 30 1o 5o bo 7

corhn o s
Drwshiphon: H pccus Conventhng a

ahibut e nto an
ov idinnl atibut

M
(

Lt peint
 Disceh2ation

Mang0 slutig
Onsupeuse Dietiaati on
Cstide r) -
Poe 1 3
- b ua
iavat

oidth a pproach
obtain valus
slid P
wed
to obt t valnas.
Ppoach
équa equtny
4valu (Ye slide) Poge
to obtan
K m cans opprcach

76 ( doder y)
slide P
Supervised Distuhi2atien

igonithm
np hand

>M np algenithm

mok
binati3aon into
encategeutad atnbate

map Conhnou

vauiable

binay
tomshorm

Dimensicnali ty spa
spal

Lurue d dala
be omes
beiomg
nue
n taag
nyg
inuwaus,
hen dimenienalt ty
at ocupa ane
wuuch
spou points
betweer
betuwen peint
d s t a u ce

denshy
nd less
Aetechon becovm
D
ouHren
chns Hntng
hal toY
m g fd
 Dxmenuionalu ty Re duekon

Apose
Avoid Cuorie
odmensionaliy

Redr aw of time

minin
alto thms
e b y ata
Alw data
to be uisualiged
feahures
relomt
emove
d
hat

Techniqs
(PCA
Rinipa Comporent Analyss
hle
a s So o m

Sinqula Valua DeLomposrhon.

teatune txtac
hion

mebinods
Selechom

*Fealure Subse t
Yodule dimensionality ol data.
Oyto
nothe

goe athiibutey
Seinth ng ony
analysis

Radundont features into

tontainein

o ad R
Dupate muwh othor
atrilutes
mDre

ov o
1Yelevant tentunu3
hat s wme tor h
n romanon

Corton

ining taskt komd

Aoto
S2gunhal fovword
sele chon

A Pproahej ba ckuoato

seechon
oppitah
hpnfs ilta
wnoppn appo6

enbe dded
 lanis'obon

Supe vieof h n

Gpnedgmoath r buldirg latifeahon Modd

hoining St

Mohel

rry

ies Set

plvcble A1 (RadD)

Deuwon Tyu A qprihn

Con s t u t e d
Stuae meodl

io Claihos
Der 1r based MeReds

Heods

Nepnes
NegLLo
Vachrn f1achinas

wnd m
ryes ay
Nai Bayu Nw
e Com b i w d

ela ssipíeas
Dup
Wund Ne toe Muliph mdpo takn
(Inssii
nsemble

Rnndon forah
 De osion ree He hod

a tu
dota, e fmmul ate
wy auwiw

wmodal loe detision

ihe

ath ede makes desio

he

bdo
and at Yesulhng loat

od ahe e node
he hai a l g r ihm

Choo&es node
tuat
e len, Such
attibute
coes pen din
coTTec o

tree
The deu si or su eeds e t be a enenal

Cteia S seath te

Pure state

One deision
hs con bo Phon
ese
ea is
arive
at ophma
ow to
t

in ulenn iva algorhm

Sos heuris his

CARTBincysplitf
uns Algorim

1D3,h .5
SLI sPRINT

l e uslditee at eah nodo Hdoe

 node doal aoire objod
The o bjes
byanth Yeahe datision
pu
esiluahen state e tre
t no de
eah
Dvt Yeny le dodsion h bei formed

only eo deainy rewrds

lenant

-y lo much over ftting 3o ne a pso blen

binAvy sput
, lay P ion he 1et of
Parnent node

y
Nominad

betore torming tre)

- Ocdina
stah
cal
Dynam
Continos disurethgahon do diorebigaton ocal 7)
Binany detisic

One way ' Ente

Inpui m ens e men
Plt) is regwnu
in n dex cdassti )at node t

Miclau Hcahio n erTo a d c is Re ta

no D etasse.
m a x LPi (t)

et Pe split (6:4 md, 4:t alle mulh spi) ULing

HW

newement

gair calsul ahon

(Totermation pin)

NOD loo+No1 Nooo1

o t No
Noo +ND
 NDO

Dmenionaluty Recdurho NO1

Impo y
fapose ( neaauno

Avoid Cu ed
Re
Node Na

M weushte
amd
ave DE NI

M NDtN 1 t + N20+ N
NOv No
M
NDDtD
P- M

aAsrercises

No:+
Ssle Dvorced

Mcoie e

o 2
Yes
No
No:6

M
o (t42)
8 o
 Mo

(
100 (OD

3 21
OO

2 1 2o
21
o.02
So

(otinous AHbute
Splr Hiv?
mult area el
Slide40 to 4 3

Dnloan)- spliti,hme (cimplexity.

hen we u uged h plh

Dod to athibde

Gral' Pakio koy

kind of
u Pimary

i lo n
Ctain pi't split1nfo
Tsin Raho%
Jebt 1ofo in
inomber orecords
chl n d
p r t i hibms.
pis sptinto
maxiv rn
we
Yifor sput
 londliug ndeat hons
Hsy segions
Decision always
c lattii eahions ve culm/sqams

daa Cannot b
Oocision

as

A Hnaive Techniques

Ctassifin6.
Neigh beuo
-Nearest
out tom p a t
mode)
ave ay
oes t Pos.
Lot alsendy

nesghbouws algorithn
- n e r e s t

wih
Knn pein
test P
test oin w i
laty for f
Com pute Sim:

poi n s K - nearust
the
the
labels amng
a ng
vee f c l a t
-Toke
he majority

to deanu
Vote ccosdnS
eigt a

on

dihinek
objocr/
o h a t

á thibutey
ctandondize a
Puayi na te
do mi

atibude pnt
 as K 1 n pral
we et aloays use prim number

Can do non
uinoan elatsrica hon

Siue
But n xun
him i is ex y e*pen

valus.
Knn had problem oih misin