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Ibrahim Noorani
Department of Public Administration
Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to see the effects of ads using emotions on consumer
Decision making. The study was limited to Low participation goods exclusively Ice
cream brand. this paper also intends to analysis the mainly powerful ad request that
effect the consumer’s decision making. The study is restricted to Low attachment
product exclusively Ice cream brand. The hypothesize model has been tested by
Structural equation modeling (SEM) and factor analysis. We used the quantitative
approach, and the questionnaire-based survey was conducted using a sample size of
384 people and their answers to different appeals excitement, Humor, love, and
happiness were recorded. The hypothesis model has been tested using structural
equation modeling (SEM) and factor analysis. The outcome shows a positive effect of
emotions like Humor and excitement influence the buying aim of the customers. This
paper verifies the positive association between Ads using emotions and consumer
decision making with respect to the Ice cream brand.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
In recent Era Advertisement have become so much important tools for marketers by which
they sell their Brands and Products to their targeted customers. As we all know that the main
motive of marketers for doing advertisement is to remind and aware the customers about a
brand or a product by this way marketers achieve their product life cycle associated
objectives. Today the purpose of advertisement has totally changed. In 20th century the
motive of ad was just before motivate buyer to know with reference to the products and brand,
Usage of the Brand, and the features of the brand. When the customer used to understand
about the brand, he used to mislay their attention and used to avoid the ads.
Here this recent, advanced, informative and technological age where information is
surrounding everywhere, and customer has become smart because the customer knows
everything, he is the new boss, new CEO and new adviser of business. So, the marketers have
become smarter and they are trying so hard to build strong relationship with clients. To catch
the attention of customers and to give hard time to competitors the marketers are using
different promotional techniques (Sorensen, 2008). Using those techniques in advertisement
marketers are fulfilling their brands objectives. To make Brand positioning in the mind of
consumers markets exercise emotions in ads.
According to Zig Ziglar (1926) He is the motivational lecturer and writer ―People
purchase for emotional reason. They don‘t purchase for logical reason‖ we as a human are
extremely emotional being. We even react emotionally even to stuff. Even some time human
get angry on wall or computer screen so as we are naturally emotional being. Therefore,
marketers use emotional appeal because he know as much he will appeal emotionally as much
his marketing objectives will achieve because he also knows that people buy for emotional
reasons.
According to Rossiter & Bellman, (2012) ―Emotional advertisement is as much powerful
so that it can even make people happy and sad‖. Neurologist says that there are various kinds
of emotions which impact on people differently. Marketers use happiness, excitement, love
and humor emotions to attract people concentration and engage them with brand in order to
create brand image in the mind of consumers and customers.
According to Robert Heath (2012), seducing the subconscious, p. (26) ―first we have to
understand how people take decision in order to understand how people‘s behavior is affected
by advertisement‖. Actually our emotions play a role of gatekeeper or the master in order to
take decisions. It means our emotions role is as much extreme that we can not take decision
but for our emotions attach with it. And if we are out of time and we are not thinking about
decision on that time our emotions will take that decision for us through our intuition. It
means emotional advertisement can effect and influence our decision making far more than
people ever thought.
So many studies and researches have done to examine impact of ads based on rationality
on consumer decision making. The intention of recent research is to investigate reaction of
emotionally presented ads by emotions of the excitement in ads, humor in ads, love and
happiness in advertising on consumer decision making. furthermore, the study provides to
make the perceptive about such emotionally presented appeal plus what are their reaction on
consumer decision making Advertising in the framework of ice cream brands into this region.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter we are going to discuss the emotional appeals related to consumer decision
making. In past several studies have been done on the impact of ad using emotions as an
associate variable within researcher which also have connection with the present research.
In marketing and advertisement literature there are so many literature which presents
experimental proof about the emotional appeals, by which marketers can easily shape the
behavior of consumer and influence them to take decision about purchasing the product for
example (Kotler, 2008) Actually the people attract with advertisement in two ways or sense,
emotional and rational sense. This is the reason because of approximately advertisement are
divided in these two category. logical advertisement and emotional advertisement (hongxia z.
2014). About the last 10 to 15 years researchers and marketers find out that emotional
advertisement can strongly affect consumer spending and decision making of spending
manners (t. allen, 1992). According to ethorson (1990) emotional ads can help customers to
recall easily. In order to generate such kind of emotions the marketers and the advertisers use
the expressive ads.
The advertisement which we watch in our daily life generates a friendly reaction as every
other thing we look in our journey of life produces an impulse emotional response (Duncan,
C. P., &Nlson, J. E. 1985). Which influence the Advertisers and giving the strong message so
that advertisers should be aware of the outstanding value of emotions within their ads,
According to Mr shaahid M and Bilal, (2016) ads using emotions are the tool that helps
customers to relate their emotions with a specific brand or product, the emotional ads have
power to make people sad or happy or exciting, In advertisement marketers are showing the
events of life through that they are engaging the people and put customers in good mood in
this way they get success to stay longer in their memories. Because of emotional causes and
familiarities about the life event people relate the advertisement with their lives.
Eckler, P., &Bolls, (2011) describe the ads for promotion using appeals of emotions
control peoples physiological, social and psychological needs and wants. According to the
patti williams (2000) who defined how brands occupy a multiplicity of emotion in their ad to
improve expression. It is the nature of human that human experience different kinds of
emotions, range between fear, happiness, excitement, humor, angry and sad. In this research
we initially focus on the role of happiness, roll of love, role of excitement and the love of
humor appeal in emotional advertisement for ice cream brands in Pakistan.
from all the pain and difficulties and that word is love.‖ According to Albert Einstein ―People
fall in love with other things and other person Gravity is not responsible for it‖. Once Martin
Luther King said love is the only power in this universe, which can change the perception of
people. Even it can convert your enemy in to your best friend. Some researchers believe that
the word love has used too much for consumer association with brands. According to
Bagozzi, Batra & Ahuvia (2016) in this modern age brand love is one of the important things
for consumers as well as marketers.
According to Carroll and Ahuvia (2006, 81) Emotional appeal is a relationship which
reflect the emotional connection of individual with a brand‖. According to park & Maclnnis
(2006) the individual preferences of loving the brand can be identify through the emotional
attachment.
them to easily understand the message content and take final action to do decision making
about purchase.
Tellis (1998) states that so many people use humor in their communication as an effective
communication tool n their daily life. Humor relaxes the other person and builds strong
relationship between speaker and audience. Therefore you would find a lot of speakers too
frequently start their communication with a funny story. According to clow (2007) humor is
the tool which helps you to set good mood and gain acceptance this is one of the big reason
that humor is used 24 percentage of prime time TV ads and 35 percentage of radio
advertisement.
According to Speck, (1991) some academic researchers believes that emotional
advertisement using humor get more attention of people and people like it more as compare to
those advertisement that do not use humor in their advertisement. Though, the humor in
advertisement is valuable able and most suitable which increase the efficiency of
advertisement but it is one of the complicated topic which is affected by so many factor.
(Weinberger and Gulas, 1992).
According to fatt, (2002) it is so much important to understand that there are some
situation where humor are more effective despite of increasing the number of humorous ads.
Humorous ads show their effectiveness differently among cultures, demographic, individuals
and even among groups. Shimp (2010) has shown so many evidences to proof that ads using
emotion of humor are more effectual than the ads which don‘t use emotion of humor only if
when consumer‘s opinion about company is already positive.
Emotion of happiness
Emotions of love
Consumer
Decision
making
Emotions of humor
Emotions of Excitement
2.6. Hypothesis
H1: There is Significant relationship between Emotions of Happiness and Consumer Buying
Decision making.
H2: There is Significant relationship between Emotions of Use and Consumer Buying
Decision making.
H3: There is Significant relationship between Emotions of Humor and Consumer Buying
Decision making.
H4: There is Significant relationship between Emotions of Excitement and Consumer Buying
Decision making.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Design of Research
The design of the research for this study will be involved in to testing the deductive
quantitative data which will collect through the survey questionnaire to find out the
correlation between variables. The time horizon for data collection is cross-section which is
about the three weeks of time. The unit of the analysis will be individual i.e people who they
use ice cream brandsof Karachi region. We will collect date through mono method that
includes quantitative strategy.
3.2. Procedure
The research will be accomplishes:
By gathering the prime data from those people of Karachi region who they use ice
cream brands and who have seen the emotional advertisement of any ice cream brand
Secondary data will be collected from literature data.
After collecting the data we will apply statistical tools on data.
3.3. Population
There are millions of customers ofice cream brand in Pakistan. We will select 100,000 most
frequent customers‘ top 3 ice cream brands (wall‘s, IGLOO, Omore) in Pakistan. The reason
of selecting they have gone through the process of using the selective direct and indirect
products of top 3 ice cream brands and they have also seen ice cream advertisement.
Therefore they are capable to give us the useful info about relevant questions.
Table 3
Emotion of Humor Mean Std.
Deviation Variance
Statistic Std. Error Statistic
I strongly believe people buy Ice cream from 2.71 .062 1.209 1.461
the brands of humorous advertisements
The Humorous ads made me identify 2.65 .062 1.215 1.477
Ice cream brand among competing brands.
Ice cream Brands with Humorous Advertisements 2.65 .061 1.194 1.425
Helps me to recall brand before shopping.
I discuss the variety of products offered by the 2.75 .063 1.237 1.531
Ice Cream Brands of Humorous advertisement
The ability or quality of the Humor in someone or something that makes you laughs.
Weinberger and Gullas (1992) writes whenever the funny ads run by marketers so on that
time that ads create powerful effects on consumers to force consumer interest in relation to
advertisement plus it impact on their decision making. According to research done by Speck,
P. S. (1987) In comparison of the emotions of humor in ads and those ads which don‘t have
humor found that those advertisements which has humor attracts customer‘s attention, have
them to easily understand the message content and take final action to do decision making
about purchase.
The above describe the statistics of mean, statistics of Standard Deviation and Statistics of
the Variance about 384 people about every one items use in Appeal of Humor. The outcome
shows the value of all items lie between ranges of 2.65 to 2.75 showing the Agreed to neutral
response for the items used. The result of the value also proved that the emotional appeal of
Humor is very useful and effective in advertisement because the distance from the mean is
very less.
Table 4
Emotion of Happiness Mean Std. Deviation
Variance
Statistic Std. Error Statistic
Ice cream Advertisements focuses on happy 2.75 .064 1.249 1.560
Images of the people appeals to my senses.
Ice cream advertisements showing connecting 2.53 .062 1.215 1.477
People give me a positive feeling about the brand.
Ice cream Advertisements that expresses happy 2.65 .063 1.236 1.528
Moments creates happy customers.
I can easily relate Ice cream 2.70 .065 1.281 1.641
advertisements with happy memories
Happiness is the kind of emotion that comes to you when you think everything is first-
class on that time you smile. Happiness is kind of joy whenever peoples are safe or lucky or
successful they become so much happy. The advertisers and marketers use the emotions of
happiness to create strong relationship with customers and create loyal customers. Marketers
want to relate their brands with customer‘s good moment like joy, smile and happiness.
According to Ambler T. and Burne T. {1999} ads using appeal of happiness have ability to
sell to maximum number of customers.
The above describe the statistics of mean, statistics of Standard Deviation and Statistics of
the Variance about 384 people about every one items use in Appeal of happiness. The
outcome shows the value of all items lie between ranges 2.53 and 2.75 showing the Agreed to
neutral response for the items used. The result of the value also proved that the emotional
appeal of happiness is very effective in advertisement because the distance from the mean is
very less.
Table 5
Emotion of Excitement Mean Std. Deviation
Variance
Statistic Std. Error Statistic
Ice cream Advertisements are formulated 3.07 .065 1.270 1.612
To entertain and grab attention.
Ice cream advertisements with excitement 3.13 .064 1.252 1.569
appeal increase message understanding
I usually look for Advertisement that triggers 3.14 .062 1.211 1.467
Feelings of excitement in me.
Excitement Appeals are better for achieving 3.07 .064 1.254 1.572
communication Goals
Excitement is a kind of emotion which is full of joy. There are many kinds of excitement,
but they all are exciting. Excitement get the attention of people e.g. If you cannot wait to
watch a video so you are also feeling kind of excitement. According to khana (2016) Brands
engage people through excitement request in ad to purchase the brands to experience
somewhat exciting & unique. Marketers also use same appeal to highlight their brand
functions and try to create brand perception in the minds of consumers. People want to watch
exciting advertisement because they don‘t want to be boring. It is good for you because if
people are excited about your brand so they can easily become your customers.
The above describe the statistics of mean, statistics of Standard Deviation and Statistics of
the Variance about 384 people about every one items use in Appeal of excitement. The
outcome shows the value of all items lie between ranges of 3.07 to 3.14 showing the neutral
to agreed response for the items used in excitement.
Table 6
Consumer Decision Making Mean Std. Deviation
Variance
Statistic Std. Error Statistic
Statistic
I look forward to to purchase or repurchase Ice cream 2.54 .061 1.198 1.434
brands using emotional appeal in advertisement
The Probability that I would consider buying Ice cream 2.65 .063 1.226 1.503
from Brands using emotional appeal is mostly high.
I prefer to buy certain Ice Cream Brands over 2.68 .065 1.268 1.607
others because of their emotional advertisement.
Emotional Advertisement of Ice cream brand 2.63 .064 1.258 1.582
affects my buying decision.
The above variable describe that there is impact of emotions of happiness, love,
excitement and humor on consumer decision making because the majority of the respondent
has given the agreed response because as we can see that the mean values range is between
2.54 to 2.68 and the value of standard deviation is also less showing that there is very
favorable effect of ads using emotions on Consumer Decision Making.
In above chart the result of cronbach alpha is showing the reliability of dependent and
independent variable. The reliability test shows the significances of data. The above reliability
test show the acceptable result of all the independent variables and the dependent variable.
The chronbach alpha of all the independent variable such as emotion using love in ads,
emotion using happiness in ads, emotion using humor in ads and emotion using excitement in
ads are more then 0.7. Which are bigger than the required value that is about 0.70 there for all
independent variable are reliable and good? The overall chronbach alpla of the questionnaire
was .728 which is significant as it is greater than the standard value. The chronbach alpha of
consumer decision making is 0.824 as it falls between the range of 0.5 to 0.9 there for it is
acceptable. The instrument of research used in this research measures the emotional ads
impact on consumer decision making for ice-cream brands on different aspects.
According to the (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001) the KMO result should be higher than 0.7.
The result of KMO shows that the above chart has shown the precious results of the extract
constructs of bartlett‘s Test of Spehercity has shown the significant value 0.000 which
conform that the result of factor analysis is reliable.
measured variables are important or not the below chart showing the path diagram of emotion
of excitement, happiness, love and humor towards the consumer decision making.
above table no 9 the resultant value of CMIN/DF is 1.241 which is acceptable and good as we
can see in the threshold. The resultant value of CFI is 0.977 which is closer to 1 and showing
the good result that the model is fit. The resultant value of GFI, AGFI, RMSEA and PCLOSE
are also meeting the standard requirement of Threshold. However the result of RMR is 0.089
which is greater than 0.8 is differ from the standard requirement as we can see in the table.
The above table is showing that the model is statistically fit and acceptable.
5. CONCLUSION
In this modern age where everything has become difficult because of competition today
marketers are also facing many problem because in market there are too many advertisement
and it has become so much complex. Before era the motive of advertisement was just to
inform customers and the customers were loyal on that era. Today customer knows each and
every thing because this is the era of information there for to deceive customers are
approximately impossible. There was marketers are using various techniques to attract the
customer so that customer repurchase or recognize the brand in this way they increase the
sale.
We use the exploratory approach to know whether there is effect of emotional ads such as
emotion using humor in ads, emotion using love in ads, emotion using excitement in ads and
emotions using happiness in ads has impact on consumer decision making or not. We
conducted this study on ice cream industry. The data were collected from 384 respondents for
that we take 2 famous brands which they are well known in Pakistan like wall‘s, Omore and
Igloo.
The result of the research has shown the positive effect of emotional advertisement on
consumer decision making specially the emotion of Excitement and Humor are very useful in
advertisement in order to strongly influence brand recognition, brand Awareness and
customer purchase intension. Emotional advertisement is the kind of magic by which
marketers sell each and every thing.
Today so many ice cream brands (Wall‘s, Omore, Igloo) use emotional advertisement
frequently in order to excite and surprise their customers. Now the marketers of Ice cream
brand should learn the consequence and the importance of emotional advertisement in order to
enhance the sale, brand recall and brand recognition.
The objective of the research was to find out the effect of emotional ads on consumer
decision making for ice cream brands, To find out the efficiency of ads using emotions to
create powerful association with consumers for the ice cream brands within this region and to
access most powerful emotional request in ice cream industry. We have successfully examine
the impact of emotional advertisement on consumer decision making that there is positive
effect of ads using emotions on consumer decision making for ice cream brand in Pakistan.
We have also determine that the emotional advertisement is very effective and it create strong
relationship with customers and we have find that the most influential emotional
advertisement appeal in ice cream brands are Humor and Excitement
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